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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Stationary-phase induction of GLR1 expression is mediated by the yAP-1 transcriptional regulatory protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Glutathione (GSH) is an abundant low-molecular-mass thiol which has been implicated in numerous cellular processes including protection against cytotoxic agents such as xenobiotics, carcinogens and free radicals. Utilization of GSH results in its conversion to the oxidized form (GSSG), and it is recycled to GSH by the action of glutathione reductase (GLR) using the reducing power of NADPH. We show that GLR activity is increased by three- to fourfold during stationary-phase growth compared to exponential phase growth, and that a yeast strain deleted for GLR1, encoding glutathione reductase, shows an elevated sensitivity to H2O2 challenge during stationary phase. These data indicate an increased requirement for GSH as the cell arrests growth and enters stationary phase. The stationary-phase increase in GLR activity is entirely dependent upon the action of the yAP-1 transcriptional regulatory protein, previously implicated in regulating GLR activity in response to oxidative stress. Thus, both oxidant- and growth phase-mediated control of GLR1 expression are regulated by the same transcriptional control mechanism. In addition, strains lacking GLR or yAP-1 do not accumulate GSSG during stationary-phase growth, indicating that the cell possesses alternative means of preventing an accumulation of GSSG during stationary phase.

DNA-Binding Proteins↗
PubMed2005

Performance measurements of a high-spatial-resolution YAP camera.

Physical properties of a position-sensitive camera for the analysis of biodistributions of gamma- and beta-emitting radiopharmaceuticals in small animals have been studied, in order to achieve optimal operating conditions. The camera consisted of a highly segmented yttrium-aluminate perovskite (YAP) scintillator, coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier. The energy resolution, the detection efficiency, the spatial resolution, the spatial linearity and the count-rate linearity of the YAP camera have been determined. Images related to initial activity levels and successive biodistribution evolution in mice organs are presented as an illustration of the camera performance.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2005

In vivo study of the Nd:YAP laser in persistent periapical lesion.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ND:YAP laser in persistent lesions through signs and symptoms such as the presence of fistulas and pain, respectively. BACKGROUND DATA: Periapical lesions with bacterial invasion, giving origin to bacterial infections, appear many times during the endodontic treatment, which aims at preparing and disinfecting the root canal system, in canals with mortified pulp. The endodontic treatment aim at eliminating infections and reinfection prevention; however, sometimes re-treatment is necessary, and it can be complemented with paraendodontic surgery due to reinfection, which can also persist. METHODS: Our study group consisted of six clinical cases (endodontic treatment), with the introduction of a 300-microm optic fiber through the fistula channel, where three applications were carried out with an interval of 15 sec, each with a discharge of 300 mJ of energy and frequency of 30 Hz. RESULTS: After a 7-day interval, the signs and symptoms were absent, even after a follow-up of 18 months. It was also observed, through a microbiological study, the decrease of the local microbiota. CONCLUSIONS: Our results supported the use of Nd:YAP laser, in part since it created an unfavorable environment for the continuing development of microorganisms.

Apicoectomy↗
PubMed2000

Effects of the Nd:YAP laser on coronal restorative materials: implications for endodontic retreatment.

With new wavelengths that allow light transmission by optical fibers, the laser is now often used in endodontics either during treatment or retreatment. The aims of this study were to (i) specify the effects of laser irradiation on restorative materials in terms of topographic effects and (ii) describe different protocols for the first steps of retreatment. The laser used in this study was an optical fiber Nd:YAP (Lokki dt, Vienne, France) with a wavelength of 1.34 microns. Samples of the following restorative materials were prepared: amalgam, composite, permanent and temporary cements, and prosthodontic alloy. The handpiece of the Nd:YAP laser was fixed perpendicular to the surface of the different preparations. All trials were performed with the fiber tip either in contact with or at a distance of 2 mm from the material. The surface effects in all cases were (i) the creation of craters in the center of the lased areas, (ii) a border of fusion material at the edge of the craters, and (iii) cracks or fractures at a distance from the target areas. For the cements, amalgam and composite, the effects included a projection of material from the center to the edge of the lased area and/or the apparent photovolatization of light particles. For all materials the laser induced deeper absorption in the areas of direct contact than when it was held at a distance. This suggests that the fiber should be in contact with the restorative material for lasing in the straight part of the canal when the objective is either to pass through the material or alongside it between material and tooth. If the practitioner cannot determine the direction of the curve of the canal, lasing should be performed at a distance to weaken the material and thus permit more efficient use of an ultrasonic device. Lasing should in all cases be performed under close X-ray monitoring. Provided that sufficient caution is used, the laser may be helpful in removing restorative materials during retreatment.

Absorption↗
PubMed2005

Clinical and microbiological evaluation of the effectiveness of the Nd:Yap laser for the initial treatment of adult periodontitis. A randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Enhancement of the results obtained by scaling and planing is most often sought by using antimicrobial therapies. Laser beams have been shown to be bactericidal and could possibly target pathogens more effectively and with fewer compliance problems than antiseptic solutions. METHODS: Thirty subjects 20-60 years old presenting periodontal pockets at least 5 mm deep in each quadrant received initial periodontal treatment. The study had a split-mouth design. The control side (SRP) only received scaling and planing, and the test side (SRP+laser) was treated by both SRP and Nd:Yap (yttrium aluminum perovskite doped with neodym) laser. Clinical conditions were evaluated at day 0 and day 90 using the plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket probing depth, and clinical attachment level. Microbial sampling was also performed on days 0 and 90, and the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, and Treponema denticola was analysed by polymerase chain reaction in a commercial laboratory. Post-operative pain or discomfort was measured by the patient using a linear visual scale. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to compare bacterial presence. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference concerning clinical data between test and control groups at baseline. Both treatments enhanced the clinical situation compared to baseline; however, results were not significantly different between the two groups. T. forsythensis was the organism most numerous in both groups. Though initial treatment diminished the numbers of all the pathogens it did not do so statistically significantly. Differences between test and control groups were very small and bore no significance. Evaluation of the post-operative pain did not reveal any differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Scaling and root planing was effective in reducing levels of plaque, inflammation, and bleeding upon probing. No additional advantage was achieved by using the Nd:Yap laser.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits a yAP-1-mediated adaptive response to malondialdehyde.

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a highly reactive aldehyde generally formed as a consequence of lipid peroxidation. MDA has been inferred to have mutagenic and cytotoxic roles and possibly to be a participant in the onset of atherosclerosis. Wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae acquires resistance to a lethal dose (5 mM) of MDA following prior exposure to a nonlethal concentration (1 mM). This response was completely inhibited by cycloheximide (50 microg ml(-1)), indicating a requirement for protein synthesis for adaptation. Furthermore, we have examined the roles of glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial function, and yAP-1-mediated transcription in conferring resistance and adaptation to MDA. A yap1 disruption mutant exhibited the greatest sensitivity and was unable to adapt to MDA, implicating yAP-1 in both the adaptive response and constitutive survival. The effect of MDA on GSH mutants indicated a role for GSH in initial resistance, whereas resistance acquired through adaptation was independent of GSH. Likewise, respiratory mutants (petite mutants) were sensitive to MDA but were still able to mount an adaptive response similar to that of the wild type, excluding mitochondria from any role in adaptation. MDA was detected in yeast cells by the thiobarbituric acid test and subsequent high-pressure liquid chromatography separation. Elevated levels were detected following treatment with hydrogen peroxide. However, the MDA-adaptive response was independent of that to H2O2.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2003

Allele variation of DYS19 and Y-Alu insertion (YAP) polymorphisms in Basques: an insight into the peopling of Europe and the Mediterranean region.

Two Y-chromosome DNA polymorphisms, the DYS19 microsatellite and the YAP (at locus DYS287), were tested in males from two autochthonous Basque populations from France and northern Navarre (Spain). The results are compared to those obtained for the same genetic markers in 32 populations from Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia. The high predominance of the DYS19*11 (190-base-pair) allele in Basques indicates that their genetic diversity for microsatellite DYS19 is around half that observed in Europeans, North Africans, and western Asians. The Y-Alu insertion (YAP+) was not detected in the Basque samples. This study attempts to throw some light on the importance of historically recent migratory movements, the main corridors of gene flow, and demographic sizes and their variations in shaping gene frequency patterns in contemporary human populations, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Historical processes may have had more significant effects on the genetic make-up of current human populations than those of prehistoric times.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

Clinal variation of YAP+ Y-chromosome frequencies in Western Iberia.

The potential of Y-chromosome biallelic marker haplotypes to infer population affiliations and structures was exploited to analyze four populations from the southwestern edge of Europe, namely north, central, and south Portugal and Galicia. Three markers subdividing the YAP+ lineage were analyzed: the YAP Alu element insertion itself and the SRY8299 and sY81 base substitutions; these respectively define three haplotypes known as 4, 21, and 8. Only haplotype 21 was detected presenting an increasing north-to-south frequency gradient, from 9.6% (Galicia) to 24.5% (South Portugal). This clinal distribution most likely reflects the genetic input associated with the Neolithic spread of agriculture, but we cannot exclude other movements as potential contributors to the distribution. In this context, it is interesting to note the consistency between the clinal variation and the population movement associated with Islamic rule in Iberia. The absence of haplotype 8, a marker of sub-Saharan populations, suggests that, despite the massive introductions of African slaves in historical times, there was little admixture between the African males and Western Iberian populations.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1993

Overexpression of YAP2, coding for a new yAP protein, and YAP1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae alleviates growth inhibition caused by 1,10-phenanthroline.

A new member of the yeast yAP family, designated YAP2, has been isolated and characterized. The protein displays a high homology with the DNA-binding domain of yAP-1, which contains a basic DNA-binding domain and leucine zipper motif and binds in vitro to the same cis-element. Growth arrest of yeast caused by low concentrations of 1,10-phenanthroline, resulting in zinc and/or iron deprivation, is overcome by over-expression of YAP1 or YAP2. In fact, yeast cells over-expressing YAP1 or YAP2 display pleiotropic drug resistance. On the other hand, a yap2 null mutant has an increased thermotolerance under starvation conditions caused by 1,10-phenanthroline. The latter mutant might become an excellent tool in the study of pathways leading toward thermotolerance acquisition.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2026

Age-associated chromatin repression of Hippo-Yap signaling drives oogonial stem cell decline in chicken.

Oogonial stem cells (OSCs) are a type of reproductive germline stem cell present in the ovaries of adult animals after birth. They have been proposed to contribute to follicle renewal and could be associated with reproductive longevity, yet the molecular mechanism contribute to OSC malfunction during aging in chicken remain unclear. Here, we show that OSC number and proliferative capacity decline significantly from pre-laying to late-laying stages, accompanied by increased follicular atresia. RNA-seq analysis revealed a global reduction in transcriptional activity in aged OSCs. ChIP-seq demonstrated elevated H3K27me3 deposition, particularly at promoter regions, which correlated with repression of proliferation-related genes in the Hippo pathway including YAP1 and TEAD1. Pharmacological inhibition of H3K27me3 reduced repressive chromatin marks, restored Hippo pathway gene expression, and significantly enhanced OSC proliferation. Conversely, YAP1 knockdown attenuated proliferation-associated gene expression. These findings indicate that age-dependent H3K27me3 accumulation suppresses OSC proliferation through epigenetic repression of the Hippo-YAP axis, providing mechanistic insight into ovarian aging and a potential strategy to extend the laying cycle in poultry.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The Hippo signaling pathway coordinately regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by inactivating Yorkie, the Drosophila Homolog of YAP.

Coordination between cell proliferation and cell death is essential to maintain homeostasis in multicellular organisms. In Drosophila, these two processes are regulated by a pathway involving the Ste20-like kinase Hippo (Hpo) and the NDR family kinase Warts (Wts; also called Lats). Hpo phosphorylates and activates Wts, which in turn, through unknown mechanisms, negatively regulates the transcription of cell-cycle and cell-death regulators such as cycE and diap1. Here we identify Yorkie (Yki), the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein (YAP), as a missing link between Wts and transcriptional regulation. Yki is required for normal tissue growth and diap1 transcription and is phosphorylated and inactivated by Wts. Overexpression of yki phenocopies loss-of-function mutations of hpo or wts, including elevated transcription of cycE and diap1, increased proliferation, defective apoptosis, and tissue overgrowth. Thus, Yki is a critical target of the Wts/Lats protein kinase and a potential oncogene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2026

Yes-Associated Protein (YAP)1 and β-Catenin Immunohistochemistry as a Surrogate Marker for GTF2I-Mutant Type A/AB Thymomas.

Thymomas are rare thymic epithelial tumors classified by the World Health Organization into type A/AB thymomas, which commonly harbor GTF2I mutations and behave indolently, and type B thymomas and thymic carcinomas, in which these mutations are less common. Type A and AB thymomas are uniquely enriched for a recurrent somatic hotspot mutation in GTF2I p. L424H; yet, this gene is rarely included in clinical sequencing panels, limiting its diagnostic utility. Yes-associated protein (YAP)1, the principal effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, and β-catenin, the central transcriptional effector of the Wnt pathway, have emerging roles in thymoma biology; however, their relationship to GTF2I mutation status and histologic subtype has not been systematically characterized. We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas thymoma data set and an institutional cohort of 38 thymic epithelial tumors to evaluate YAP1 and β-catenin immunohistochemistry (IHC) as surrogate markers for GTF2I mutation status and histologic classification. In The Cancer Genome Atlas data set, YAP1 and CTNNB1 mRNA expression were markedly elevated in type A/AB thymomas relative to type B and carcinoma subtypes, and GTF2I-mutant tumors exhibited significantly higher YAP1 mRNA expression than GTF2I-wildtype tumors. Targeted next-generation sequencing of our institutional cohort confirmed enrichment of the canonical GTF2I p. L424H hotspot in indolent subtypes. By IHC, both nuclear YAP1 positivity and cytoplasmic β-catenin localization were significantly more frequent in indolent thymomas. Cytoplasmic β-catenin demonstrated high specificity (94%) for indolent histology, supporting its use in diagnostically challenging cases such as type A versus type B3 distinction on small biopsies. YAP1 IHC showed a high negative predictive value for GTF2I mutations, such that a YAP1-negative result reliably excludes a GTF2I-mutant tumor. These findings implicate crosstalk between Hippo and Wnt signaling in GTF2I-mutant thymomas and position YAP1 and β-catenin IHC as accessible, cost-effective surrogates for molecular subtyping in a tumor where standard sequencing panels have limited coverage.

GTF2I↗
PubMed1999

Y-chromosome specific YCAII, DYS19 and YAP polymorphisms in human populations: a comparative study.

Two hypervariable Y-specific markers, the YCAII and DYS19 STRs, and the more stable Y Alu Polymorphism (YAP) have been analysed in about 1400 individuals of 21 different populations, mainly from Europe but also from the Middle East, Africa and Asia. On the basis of the frequency distributions of these three Y-markers we compare, using different statistical analyses, their power in detecting population genetic structure and in distinguishing closely related groups. The pattern of populations' genetic affinities inferred from the three markers considered altogether suggests a strong genetic structure that, with a few exceptions, broadly corresponds to the linguistic relatedness and/or geographic location of the sampled populations.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

Novel dengue virus type 1 from travelers to Yap State, Micronesia.

Dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1), which was responsible for the dengue fever outbreak in Yap State, Micronesia, in 2004, was isolated from serum samples of 4 dengue patients in Japan. Genome sequencing demonstrated that this virus belonged to genotype IV and had a 29-nucleotide deletion in the 3 noncoding region.

3' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed2006

Effect of conditioners on bond durability of resin composite to Nd:YAP laser-irradiated dentin.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of conditioners (sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Roth's ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and phosphoric acid) on shear bond strength and morphology of Nd:YAP laser-irradiated dentin. In particular, the key focus was on the bond durability between resin composite and treated dentin after being subjected to thermocycling in artificial saliva between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C. Results indicated that the application of phosphoric acid to laser-irradiated dentin produced a bond strength comparable to those using NaOCl and EDTA. Further, dentinal tubules which were closed after laser irradiation opened following the treatment with conditioners. When subjected to 3,000 thermocycles, the mean shear strength of the samples treated by the three conditioners following laser irradiation ranged from 9.7 to 12.6 MPa with a reduction of 25-33%--a reduction rate lower than that obtained using acid etching alone (50%). Among the three conditioners tested, only phosphoric acid treatment demonstrated an enhanced effect on bond durability of laser-irradiated dentin.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2025

Mutant RIT1 cooperates with YAP to drive an EMT-like lung cancer state.

Mutations in "Ras-like in all tissues" (RIT1) occur in up to 2% of lung adenocarcinomas and are mutually exclusive with KRAS and EGFR mutations, suggesting that RIT1 may act as a non-canonical driver oncogene in lung cancer. However, the lack of a RIT1-mutant lung cancer model has hindered the development and testing of RIT1-targeted therapeutics. Here, we report a mouse model with conditional regulation of the cancer-associated RIT1M90I variant. We show that autochthonous expression of RIT1M90I and combined inactivation of Nf2 and p53 drives an aggressive lung cancer with 100% penetrance and short latency. Oncogenic cooperation between RIT1M90I and p53/Nf2 loss is driven by synergistic activation of AP-1 transcription factors and can be reversed by the combined inhibition of MEK and TEAD. These data identify YAP/TEAD as a mediator of RIT1's oncogenic capability and nominate TEAD as a potential drug target in RIT1-mutant lung cancer.

Animals↗