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Results for “WATER POLLUTION”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

A new technology for harnessing the dye polluted water and dye collection in a chemical factory.

A new technology for harnessing the dye polluted water and dye collection was developed. It is based on the enhanced evaporation by using solar, wind and air temperature energy and additional heat-electric energy. It consists of four parts: (1) evaporation carrier system (evaporation carrier and frame for evaporation carrier) for polluted water; (2) polluted water circulating system (pumping-spraying-collecting); (3) heating system; (4) workshop with polluted water reservoir-tanks and rainfall prevention roof. The polluted water was (heated in case necessary) sprayed to the evaporation carrier system and the water was evaporated when it moved in the space and downward along the carrier mainly by using natural (solar, wind and air temperature energy). In case, when there is no roof for the carrier system, the polluted water can be stored in the reservoirs (storage volume for about 20 days). The first 10-25 mm rainfall also need to be stored in the reservoirs to meet the state standard for discharging wastewater. The dye may be collected at the surface in the reservoir-tanks and the crystallized salt may be collected at the bottom plate. The black-color wastewater released by the factory is no more discharged to the surface water system of Taihu Lake Basin. About 2 kg dye and 200 kg industrial salt may be collected from each tone of the polluted water. The non-pollution production of dye may be realized by using this technology with environmental, economical and social benefits.

Chemical Precipitation↗
PubMed1992

[Experiences with water pollution damage].

Examples of water pollution accidents of different origin are discussed. They serve to illustrate that especially drinking water supply plants must be kept under constant control.

Decontamination↗
PubMed2005

The influence of metal source uncertainty on cost-effective allocation of mine water pollution abatement in catchments.

In mine water pollution abatement, it is commonly assumed that known mine waste sites are the major pollution sources, thus neglecting the possibility of significant contribution from other old and diffuse sources within a catchment. We investigate the influence of different types of pollution source uncertainty on cost-effective allocation of abatement measures for mine water pollution. A catchment-scale cost-minimization model is developed and applied to the catchment of the river Dalälven, Sweden, in order to exemplify important effects of such source uncertainty. Results indicate that, if the pollution distribution between point and diffuse sources is partly unknown, downstream abatement measures, such as constructed wetlands, at given compliance boundaries are often cost-effective. If downstream abatement measures are not practically feasible, the pollution source distribution between point and diffuse mine water sources is critical for cost-effective solutions to abatement measure allocation in catchments. In contrast, cost-effective solutions are relatively insensitive to uncertainty in total pollutant discharge from mine water sources.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1993

[Balkan nephropathy and urothelial cancer. Well water pollution and current questions on pathogenesis and carcinogenesis].

In the autopsied inhabitants who died from unrelated reasons in the villages-foci of Balkan Nephropathy (BN) the characteristic histologic changes of the initial phase of BN were found as well as the striking difference in the weight of the kidneys. The weight of a kidney amounting to 180 grams was noted. The continual, severe environmental exposure to polluted drinking water by erosive toxic silica accounts for the excessive silica accumulation in the kidney and its overhydration. Silica has an affinity for water molecules absorbating them on its surface, the absorption of water coats round the accumulations of polymerized silica being formed by several water molecular layers. The increased kidney weight, however, may be regarded as a very rare one and is possible in the initial phase of disease. In most cases the dehydrating, atrophic and necrotic activity of toxic silica characterizes all developmental phases of BN leading to a loss of both fluid and mass of the kidney. In the rainy season fresh submironic suspension of toxic silicate particles is the most toxic for human kidneys. When deposited in drinking waters the larger ones encounter conditions suitable for further solution humus matter and CO2 and the drinking water becomes toxic for human kidneys in the dry season as well. In the course of time the metamorphic process of silica particles being completed these drinking waters become slightly toxic or not toxic at all. In relation to the inactive silica the other component of magmatic silicate rocks heavy, tumorogenic metals preserve the reactivity for a longer time and are responsible for the urothelial carcino-genesis unfollowed by chronic kidney insufficiency in the areas where BN is endemic.

Balkan Nephropathy↗
PubMed2003

Toxic risk of surface water pollution--six years of experience.

Assessment of an ecological quality of surface water is necessary for effective protection, abatement and successive revitalisation of river ecosystems. This quality is primarily given by biological impact of surface water pollution. Substances contained in pollution are frequently toxic to aquatic organisms. Risk of chronic impact of surface water pollution is very often underestimated due to hidden long time action of pollutants. Proper estimation of the risk is not possible from results of chemical analyses and data of substances' toxicity. Chemical analyses are not able to detect all substances presented in water including the products of reactions between them. In addition, a simultaneous presence of substances can modify their final effect on aquatic organisms. Therefore, a complex method of assessment of toxic risk of surface water pollution based on ecotoxicological approach was developed. The toxic risk of surface water pollution is determined from results of evaluation of toxic risk of organic part and inorganic part of surface water pollution. Resultant degree of toxic risk of total pollution is given by the highest degree detected in any part of the water pollution. Presented method, which is routinely used for monitoring in the Czech part of the Odra river basin, was fully standardised and published in the form of the Czech branch technical norm of water management (TNV) in the year 2000.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Estimating the economic burden from illnesses associated with recreational coastal water pollution--a case study in Orange County, California.

A cost-of-illness framework was applied to health and income data to quantify the health burden from illnesses associated with exposure to polluted recreational marine waters. Using data on illness severity due to exposure to polluted coastal water and estimates of mean annual salaries and medical costs (adjusted to 2001 values) for residents of Orange County, California, we estimated that the economic burden per gastrointestinal illness (GI) amounts to 36.58 dollars, the burden per acute respiratory disease is 76.76 dollars, the burden per ear ailment is 37.86 dollars, and the burden per eye ailment is 27.31 dollars. These costs can become a substantial public health burden when millions of exposures per year to polluted coastal waters result in hundreds of thousands of illnesses. For example, exposures to polluted waters at Orange County's Newport and Huntington Beaches were estimated to generate an average of 36,778 GI episodes per year. At this GI illness rate, one can also expect that approximately 38,000 more illness episodes occurred per year of other types, including respiratory, eye, and ear infections. The combination of excess illnesses associated with coastal water pollution resulted in a cumulative public health burden of 3.3 million dollars per year for these two beaches. This paper introduces a public health cost variable that can be applied in cost-benefit analyses when evaluating pollution abatement strategies.

California↗
PubMed1977

Study on the post-mortem identification of pollutants in the Fish killed by water pollution: detection of arsenic.

Careless Herbicidal aerial spray of a field for weed control and defoliation of cotton before machine picking, resulted in the contamination of an adjoining reservoir, killing large volume of fish. The dead catfish, along with water and Amarantha weed leaves analyzed contained relatively high levels of arsenic concentrations, indicative of arsenic being the probable cause of fish killing. The arsenic absorbed by fish was irreversable and its bioaccumulation continued in the surviving fish though the water arsenic level fell during the following weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Electrode system for determination of microbial cell populations in polluted water.

Microbial cell populations in polluted water were determined by using a fuel cell-type electrode. The electrode was composed of a Pt anode, a Pt-K3Fe(CN)6-K4Fe(CN)6 cathode, and a cation-exchange membrane for separating two electrode compartments. The principle of microbial cell number determination is based on sensing a redox dye reduced by microorganisms with the electrode. Sample solutions containing microorganisms, a redox dye (thionine), and peptone were purged with oxygen-free nitrogen during the determination. A linear relationship was obtained between the increasing rate of current and the number of microbial cells measured by the colony count method above 10(4) cells per ml. The determination time varied with the number of microbial cells determined from 20 to 60 min for 3.6 x 10(6) and 3.6 x 10(4) cells per ml, respectively.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1978

Outbreak of Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with water pollution.

Sixteen cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome occurred in the third week of a diarrhoea epidemic caused by water pollution in EL-Sult, Jordan. Of 30 000 people exposed to polluted water, 5000 developed diarrhoea, 74 typhoid, and 30 infectious hepatitis. Thirteen of the 16 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome had been mildly affected by diarrhoea 8-24 days before the onset of peripheral neuropathy. Paralysis progressed rapidly, reaching a peak in one to five days, and recovery began three to seven days after the start of the most severe symptoms. All but four patients had recovered completely after one year. Rapid progress of paralysis and a delayed interval between maximum weakness and start of recovery were both associated with poor prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Chronic arsenic water pollution in the Republic of Argentina].

Arsenical pollution of water supplies is a chronic problem of great medical, social and sanitary importance in Argentina. The well-known cutaneous manifestations of chronic arsenical toxicity, palmar and plantar keratoses, melanoderma and multiple epitheliomas are described. The interest which this disease has evoked in the last few years is emphasized when new arsenical areas are discovered with clinical cases of chronic arsenical intoxication. Furthermore it is shown that the high content of arsenic in drinking water may be the determining factor in the incidence of visceral neoplasms. Contrary to classic beliefs, the chronic toxic effects from arsenic may be present in young children but the palmar and plantar keratoses may be absent. The histochemical localization of the arsenic in the skin and its relation to thyroid function and the production of leukoplakia and laryngeal cancer are noted. When one analyses all the recent reports it is evident that patients with chronic arsenical intoxication must now be thoroughly studied bearing in mind the multiple localization of this carcinogenic agent.

Argentina↗