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Results for “Voting Rights”

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PubMed1992

[Health education at school].

The major health problems of our time cannot be solved only by the physicians. Despite important scientific advances, the number of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, bronchopathies and drug addictions increases. Prevention is a way of improving this alarming situation. Actually, the health of our contemporaries largely depends on themselves. For example, in a world without tobacco, one third of cancers and ninety per cent of lung and larynx tumors would not occur. Thus, the protections of human being's and nature's health are equally essential. Both are the State responsibility. Including hygiene in school education is a critical necessity in view of teaching young French students good health practices by which they will be impressed all their life. School has not only to teach but also to educate. This wish is in agreement with the Declaration of Child Rights voted by the General Assembly of United Nations on November 20, 1959. Unfortunately, the signatory nations do not put in practice this resolution which states that children must be protected against social risks. Descartes believed that "if the human species can be improved the means must be searched in medicine". This essential mission belong today to the educative system from home to school. At the dawn of the third millennium this "children institution", as Montaigne said, may provide health to future generations.

France↗
PubMed1983

The role of basic-unit librarians in RML decision making: an evolutionary process.

Representatives of basic-unit libraries (one per state) with full voting rights were included on the Executive Committee of the Kentucky-Ohio-Michigan Regional Medical Library (RML) Network in 1978, after a three-year effort initiated by hospital librarians in Franklin County, Ohio. This article describes the process that resulted in hospital library participation at all levels of Region V governance, focusing on stages of development, action between the advocate and the administrative structure, and outcome.

Consultants↗
PubMed2004

Adolescent voting for right-wing extremist parties and readiness to use violence in political action: parent and peer contexts.

Almost all shapes of adolescent risky and deviant behaviour take place in the context of peer-relations. The present study examined the role of parents and peer-relations with respect to two indicators of deviant political development. In the fall 1998, directly after the German parliamentary elections, 1309 East German adolescents were asked about their voting for a right-wing extremist party and their readiness to use violence in political action. Friend's voting was a strong predictor of individual voting for a right-wing extremist party, particularly when the friend was the best friend with a reciprocal nomination, and when the friends frequently communicated about political themes. In addition, voting behaviour and willingness to use violence were associated with membership in peer groups who met frequently. Finally, the violence-disposed adolescents spent more of their spare time with peers and less with their parents. Similarities of our results with the findings of research on deviant behaviour in non-political areas support the idea that deviant political behaviour could be an expression of a problematic life situation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The capacity to vote of persons with Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE: The right to vote can be abrogated when persons become incompetent to cast a ballot. This applies particularly to people with Alzheimer's disease, who at some point will lose capacity. A 2001 federal court decision offered the first clear criteria ("Doe voting capacity standard") for determining voting competence, focused on understanding the nature and effect of voting and on the ability to choose. This article explores how persons with Alzheimer's disease perform on these criteria. METHOD: The Doe standard was operationalized in a brief questionnaire, along with measures of appreciation and reasoning about voting choices. Performance was assessed in 33 patients attending an Alzheimer's disease clinic and was related to dementia severity and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: The interview questions were scored with high reliability. Performance on the Doe questions, along with appreciation and reasoning, correlated strongly with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Patients with very mild to mild Alzheimer's disease generally retained adequate ability to vote, and most persons with severe Alzheimer's disease did not. Performance was highly variable among persons with moderate Alzheimer's disease. The desire to vote was a poor predictor of voting capacity. CONCLUSIONS: The capacity to vote, as embodied in the Doe voting capacity standard, can be measured simply and reliably. Structured assessment is particularly likely to be useful for people with moderate Alzheimer's disease, whose performance cannot be predicted from MMSE scores alone. This approach can ensure retention of voting rights by capable persons and exclusion of clearly impaired persons from the voting booth.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

The argument for a constitutional right to communication and language.

The need for and right to communication and language is fundamental to the human condition. Without communication, an individual cannot become an effective and productive adult or an informed citizen in our democracy. The importance of communication and language for deaf and hard-of-hearing children is so basic as to be beyond debate. Given the historic difficulties deaf and hard-of-hearing children face, their compromised communication and language skills and the educational, social, cognitive, and psychological consequences, this note contends that a constitutional right to communication is both necessary and legally sound. The right to assemble and to vote, the right to equal protection under the law must be extended to the right of deaf and hard-of-hearing children to full communication development and access. If the Constitution venerates the right to speech, the right to communication and language is of equal or greater value.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Elements of well-being affected by criminalizing the drug user.

OBJECTIVE: The authors examine the possible adverse consequences of incarceration on drug offenders, their families, and their communities. OBSERVATIONS: State and federal policies on drug felons may affect eight elements of personal and community well-being: children and families, access to health benefits, access to housing benefits, access to assistance for higher education, immigration status, employment, eligibility to vote, and drug use or recidivism. CONCLUSIONS: Minorities have a high chance of felony conviction and an increasing lack of access to resources, suggesting that patterns of drug conviction and health disparities may be mutually reinforcing. Large numbers of people sent to prison for drug offenses are now completing their terms and reentering communities. Their reentry will disproportionately affect minority communities. Without resources (education, job opportunities, insurance, health care, housing, and the right to vote) drug abusers face a higher risk of recidivism and increase the burden on their communities.

Cost of Illness↗
PubMed2003

[Expert's and lay attitudes towards restrictions on mentally ill people].

OBJECTIVE: Comparing experts' and lay opinions towards restrictions on mentally ill people. METHOD: We conducted a representative telephone survey with psychiatrists (N = 87) and lay persons (N = 90). RESULTS: Compulsory admission towards people with mental illness is the most accepted restriction (experts 98.9 %/lay persons 72.2 %) followed by the withdrawal of the driver license (6.7 %/54.1 %), abortion suggested for mentally ill women in case of pregnancy (5.6 %/19.4 %), and the withdrawal of the right to vote (1.1 %/17.4 %). CONCLUSIONS: If assessing and carrying out restrictive measures towards people with mental illness, experts have to consider the discrepancy between their and the lay persons' opinions. Furthermore, professionals have to take an active role in the public discussion about sanctions that are not laid down in law by the law, e. g. abortion in case of pregnancy of a mentally ill woman, and that are not medically required. Thus, they contribute to the fight against the stigma that mentally ill people are faced with.

Abortion, Eugenic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Critical social theory and the domination of African American Women.

This historical reconstruction of the experiences of African American women in America from slavery to the present exposes the prevailing and enduring system of White male domination. From White men having control of their reproductive choices, to conspiracy to withhold the right to vote, African American women were victims of both sexism and racism. Later, as a result of the myth conceived by White sociologists of the super African American woman, further divisiveness became apparent in the African American home. As African American women took advantage of educational opportunities only to find that there was a dearth of similarly educated African American males to marry, increasing numbers of African American men were reported as parties to violent acts, drugs or illness. All of these variables are conjectured as impacting on the African American woman's experience. Lastly, data were presented depicting the increasing trend of African American women marrying White men, and the emergence of a more diverse workforce. It was concluded that economics serve as a catalyst for this change in human relations.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2003

The role of medical students in curriculum committees.

BACKGROUND: Medical students often play a role in local curricular issues by assessing the curriculum and bringing consumers' perspectives to curricular committees. PURPOSE: To identify the formal roles that medical students play on curriculum committees. METHODS: Mail survey to associate deans of medical education at all U.S. medical schools (N = 144). RESULTS: A total of 109 surveys were returned (response rate = 75.7%). Students had formal roles on the curricular committees at 100% of the respondent institutions. The majority of medical schools allow peers to elect their representatives to the committee (53.2%). Students have a right to vote on curricular changes at 86% of the respondent institutions. The vast majority of respondents (97.2%) felt that medical students were important in initiating curricular change. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students play an active role on curriculum committees at U.S. medical schools. Further research is needed to fully elucidate these specific roles.

Chi-Square Distribution↗