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Results for “Visual Field Tests”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Visual field testing with red targets.

Ten patients with partial temporal visual field defects were examined with a modified tangent screen projection perimeter (Auto-Plot). Defects demonstrated with an isopter for chromatic recognition of a 3-mm red stimulus could always be reproduced with an isopter for achromatic recognition of a dim, 3-mm white stimulus. The red-white intensity ratio producing equivalent fields remained constant for a given patient but varied from subject to subject (range, 3.0 to 7.5; mean, 5.7; SD, 1.8). Thus, red functioned as dim white, but no single fixed ratio of intensities was applicable to all subjects. Visual field testing with 1 foot-candle of tangent screen illumination permitted subjects to adapt to dark. As retinal sensitivities increased, the corresponding visual field steadily enlarged for 30 minutes. This effect was greater in the pathologic temporal fields, which increased relatively more than intact nasal fields. The result was poor visual field reproducibility with time.

Color↗
PubMed1998

A comparative study of computerised visual field testing and optic disc morphometric parameters in the follow-up of primary open angle glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between computerised visual field testing and optic disc morphometric parameters (rim area, rim/disc area ratio, cup/disc area ratio and optic disc surface smoothness (ODSS)) in the follow-up of a group of patients affected by primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: Reliable automated perimetry (Humphrey 640 VFA, central 30-2 threshold program) was performed at T0 (the enrollment time), T1 (after 6 +/- 1 months; range 5-7 months), T2 (12 +/- 1 months), T3 (18 +/- 1 months), and T4 (the end of the follow-up period: 24 +/- 2 months) in one eye randomly chosen from each of 30 POAG patients. Computerised optic disc analysis (IMAGEnet X Rev-3-51b, Topcon Europe, The Netherlands) was performed at T0 and T4. To evaluate the correlation between morphometric parameters and computerised visual field testing, the stability or worsening of visual field test was evaluated by means of 'Mean Deviation linear regression analysis' (STATPAC 2 software); that of morphometric parameters was studied using their coefficients of variation. A rank of '0' was assigned to stability and a rank of '1' to worsening. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate statistically the correlations between visual field analysis and morphometric parameters. Furthermore kappa statistic was used to evaluate the agreement of morphometric parameter changes with visual field progression analysis. RESULTS: According to the MD slope regression analysis, in 18 patients the visual fields were stable while in 12 they were worsening during the follow-up period. In 86.65% of patients (n = 26) the morphometric parameter ODSS and visual field analysis were concordant (p < 0.0001). In 80% of patients (n = 24) the cup/disc area ratio and visual field analysis were concordant (p < 0.001). The other morphometric parameters (rim area, rim/dics area ratio) were less correlated with visual field analysis than ODSS (p < 0.05). The agreement of visual field analysis with all the morphometric parameters was good (kappa = 0.690, 95% confidence interval (CI) of kappa = 0.589-0.790). The agreement of visual field analysis with ODSS and cup/disc area (kappa = 0.688; 95% CI = 0.511-0.864) was better than the agreement of visual field analysis with rim area and rim/disc area ratio (kappa = 0.438; 95% CI = 0.260-0.655). CONCLUSION: Analysis of the progression of visual field damage and optic nerve head morphometric parameters should both be taken into account in glaucoma follow-up. Among the morphometric parameters evaluated by means of Topcon IMAGEnet, ODSS and (to a lesser extent) the cup/disc ratio should have the greatest weight.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Effect of uncorrected refractive errors upon central visual field testing.

An investigation of the effects of uncorrected refractive errors upon a central visual field examination has been made with a view to establishing what the likely effects would be of omitting a refractive correction when screening the visual field with a threshold related, supra-threshold strategy on the Henson CFA3000. The results indicate that, while a linear relationship exists between the extent of threshold elevation and the product of residual refractive error and pupil size, the scatter in the results means that accurate predictions cannot be made in individual cases. The threshold elevation was found to be independent of eccentricity (within the central 21 degrees from fixation) and did not increase the variability of results. These last two findings indicate that uncorrected refractive errors are unlikely to affect the sensitivity of the threshold related, supra-threshold strategy to localized visual field defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Swivel arm perimeter for visual field testing in different body positions.

To investigate the influence of body position on visual field results, a 'swivel arm perimeter' was built, based on a modified Octopus 1-2-3. Here, the measuring unit was detected from the control unit and mounted on a swivel arm, allowing its movement in all directions. The first results obtained with this device have indicated that its development was worthwhile.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Relationship between visual field testing and scanning laser polarimetry in patients with a large cup-to-disk ratio.

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between quantitative nerve fiber layer measurements and visual field testing in patients with large cup-to-disk ratios. METHODS: Seventy-six patients with vertical cup-to-disk ratios by contour of at least 0.8 on stereoscopic photographs and 50 normal subjects were included. One eye was randomly selected for study. All patients underwent standard achromatic automated perimetry, short-wavelength automated perimetry, and retinal nerve fiber layer measurements with scanning laser polarimetry. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences between the subject groups. Significance of pairwise comparisons was determined using the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in nerve fiber layer measurements between patients with large cup-to-disk ratios and both abnormal standard achromatic automated perimetry and short-wavelength automated perimetry (n = 22) and patients with large cup-to-disk ratios and both normal standard achromatic automated perimetry and short-wavelength automated perimetry (n = 42) were found for superior nasal ratio, maximum modulation, ellipse modulation, and the linear discriminant function (Tukey-Kramer less than.05). There was no significant difference in patients with abnormal short-wavelength automated perimetry only (n = 9) as compared with patients with both normal standard achromatic automated perimetry and short-wavelength automated perimetry and patients with both abnormal standard achromatic automated perimetry and short-wavelength automated perimetry. Statistically significant differences between the normal subjects and patients with large cup-to-disk ratios and both abnormal standard achromatic automated perimetry and short-wavelength automated perimetry were found for all retinal nerve fiber layer parameters, with the exception of symmetry, superior ratio, and inferior ratio. CONCLUSION: Our results show considerable overlap in nerve fiber layer measurements in eyes with large cup-to-disk ratio and abnormal visual fields as compared with eyes with large cup-to-disk ratios and normal visual fields. This may limit the clinical usefulness of scanning laser polarimetry for detection of early glaucoma in patients with large cup-to-disk ratios. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine if patients with large cup-to-disk ratios with normal standard achromatic automated perimetry and abnormal short-wavelength automated perimetry subsequently develop standard achromatic automated perimetry defects and if scanning laser polarimetry can concurrently detect progression of nerve fiber layer damage.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Number of ganglion cells in glaucoma eyes compared with threshold visual field tests in the same persons.

PURPOSE: To compare the number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) topographically mapped with specific visual field threshold test data in the same eyes among glaucoma patients. METHODS: Seventeen eyes of 13 persons with well-documented glaucoma histories and Humphrey threshold visual field tests (San Leandro, CA) were obtained from eye banks. RGC number was estimated by histologic counts of retinal sections and by counts of remaining axons in the optic nerves. The locations of the retinal samples corresponded to specific test points in the visual field. The data for glaucoma patients were compared with 17 eyes of 17 persons who were group matched for age, had no ocular history, and had normal eyes by histologic examination. RESULTS: The mean RGC loss for the entire retina averaged 10.2%, indicating that many eyes had early glaucoma damage. RGC body loss averaged 35.7% in eyes with corrected pattern SD probability less than 0.5%. When upper to lower retina RGC counts were compared with their corresponding visual field data within each eye, a 5-dB loss in sensitivity was associated with 25% RGC loss. For individual points that were abnormal at a probability less than 0.5%, the mean RGC loss was 29%. In control eyes, the loss of RGCs with age was estimated as 7205 cells per year in persons between 55 and 95 years of age. In optic nerves from glaucoma subjects, smaller axons were significantly more likely to be present than larger axons (R2 = 0.78, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: At least 25% to 35% RGC loss is associated with statistical abnormalities in automated visual field testing. In addition, these data corroborate previous findings that RGCs with larger diameter axons preferentially die in glaucoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Peripheral visual field testing by automated kinetic perimetry in glaucoma.

The peripheral visual field was measured with a single kinetic target and the central 30 degrees with static stimuli in 600 eyes of 323 patients with glaucoma and patients suspected of having glaucoma using an automated perimeter (Fieldmaster 5000). The purpose of the study was to compare the additional information gained by the peripheral field testing against the time requirement for this extra procedure. An abnormal peripheral field supported the diagnosis suggested by a central abnormality in 131 eyes (21.8%), while a defect in the peripheral field provided the principal diagnostic information, when the central field was normal or equivocal, in 25 cases (4.2%). Peripheral field measurements accounted for approximately 28% of the total testing time.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed2003

The effect of hemodialysis on visual field test in patients with chronic renal failure.

PURPOSE: To investigate the visual field with FASTPAC 30-2 program before and after hemodialysis in patients with end stage renal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty eyes of 20 patients on regular hemodialysis were included in the study group. Twenty eyes of 20 healthy patients were chosen as control group. Intraocular pressures (IOP) were measured one hour before and one hour after the same hemodialysis session, and visual field was tested at the same times. RESULTS: When IOP was compared before and after hemodialysis, no statistically significant difference was found (p > 0.05), however Mean Deviation (MD) (p = 0.008) improved after hemodialysis. When we compared first global indices of the control group with pre-hemodialysis global indices, we noted significant difference in MD (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Visual field testing should be done after hemodialysis in patients who are on regular hemodialysis program.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Visual field test simulation and error in threshold estimation.

AIM: To establish, via computer simulation, the effects of patient response variability and staircase starting level upon the accuracy and repeatability of static full threshold visual field tests. METHOD: Patient response variability, defined by the standard deviation of the frequency of seeing versus stimulus intensity curve, is varied from 0.5 to 20 dB (in steps of 0.5 dB) with staircase starting levels ranging from 30 dB below to 30 dB above the patient's threshold (in steps of 10 dB). Fifty two threshold estimates are derived for each condition and the error of each estimate calculated (difference between the true threshold and the threshold estimate derived from the staircase procedure). The mean and standard deviation of the errors are then determined for each condition. The results from a simulated quadrantic defect (response variability set to typical values for a patient with glaucoma) are presented using two different algorithms. The first corresponds with that normally used when performing a full threshold examination while the second uses results from an earlier simulated full threshold examination for the staircase starting values. RESULTS: The mean error in threshold estimates was found to be biased towards the staircase starting level. The extent of the bias was dependent upon patient response variability. The standard deviation of the error increased both with response variability and staircase starting level. With the routinely used full threshold strategy the quadrantic defect was found to have a large mean error in estimated threshold values and an increase in the standard deviation of the error along the edge of the defect. When results from an earlier full threshold test are used as staircase starting values this error and increased standard deviation largely disappeared. CONCLUSION: The staircase procedure widely used in threshold perimetry increased the error and the variability of threshold estimates along the edges of defects. Using earlier data, when available, overcomes this problem and reduces examination time.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic visual field testing using the Amsler grid patterns.

An economical and time-sparing technique of dynamic visual field testing employing the Amsler grid patterns and the Berens test targets has been developed. This method accurately detected field loss in all 38 patients and all 63 eyes with neurologic defects tested. In a group of 212 glaucomatous eyes, field defects were determined with 97% specificity.

Humans↗