Studies on a virus isolated from a calf affected by lymphatic leukemia. I. Comparison of the virulence of the virus cultivated on chick embryo and on tissue culture.
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Theoretical considerations illustrate the feasibility and characteristics of continuous virus cultivation in cell suspensions Physical dimensions of the virus fermentor (lysostat) in relation to optimal yields can be predetermined. Poliovirus type 1 was grown on Hela S-3-1 (Saltzman) cells in a single-stage, percolator-type lysostat, with a yield of 421 TCID(50) per cell. Adenovirus type 14 was grown on KB (Eagle) cells in a two-stage lysostat with a yield of 116 TCID(50) per cell.
The detection and enumeration of most cultivable human enteric viruses from water is possible if samples are first inoculated onto a suitable cell line such as MA-104 or BGM. Virus growth is then detected by an indirect immunoperoxidase method with human immune serum globulin as the source of antibody to most enteric viruses. The number of positive cell cultures in the immunoperoxidase assay is used to calculate the virus titer (as a most probable number) in the sample assayed.
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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) spreads extremely fast and the need for rapid and robust diagnostic virus detection systems was obvious during the recent European epidemic. Using a novel real-time RT-PCR system based on primer-probe energy transfer (PriProET) we present here an assay targeting the 3D gene of FMDV. The assay was validated for the efficacy to detect all known FMDV serotypes. The test method was linear over a range of at least 7 orders of magnitude and the detection limit was below the equivalent of 10 genomic copies. Analysing recent African probang samples the method was able to detect FMDV in materials from both cattle and buffalo. When compared to traditional virus cultivation the virus detection sensitivity was similar but the RT-PCR method can provide a laboratory result much faster than virus cultivation. The real-time PCR method confirms the identity of the amplicon by melting point analysis for added specificity and at the same time allows the detection of mutations in the probe region. As such, the described new method is suitable for the robust real-time detection of index cases caused by any serotype of FMDV.
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