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PubMed1988

A residents' training program for the development of smoking intervention skills.

This article describes the results of a three-hour training program that teaches residents a patient-centered counseling approach to smoking cessation, emphasizing questioning and exploring feelings, rather than providing information. Fifty internal medicine and family practice residents affiliated with a university medical center were assessed before and after training using questionnaires and videotape documenting changes in their knowledge about smoking, attitudes concerning intervention, and intervention skills. The residents showed a significant increase in knowledge and perceived themselves as having significantly more influence on their patients who smoke after completion of the training program. Counseling skills improved significantly in the use of questions and exploring feelings as judged by blind evaluation of videotapes. The results of this three-hour training program suggest that physicians in training are responsive to the teaching of specialized skills deemed important for promoting health behavior changes in their patients.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

Effectiveness of an attention-training program.

Attention Process Training (APT), a hierarchical, multilevel treatment program, was designed to remediate attention deficits in brain-injured persons. The program incorporates current theories in the experimental attention literature. Four brain-injured subjects, varying widely in both etiology of injury and time post onset, underwent intensive cognitive remediation including 5 to 10 weeks of specific attention training. Results are displayed using a single subject multiple baseline across behaviors design. All four subjects demonstrated significant gains in attention following the initiation of attention training. Remediation of another cognitive function (visual processing) was not associated with alterations in attention behavior. The merits of a process-specific approach to cognitive rehabilitation are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Success of reentry into anesthesiology training programs by residents with a history of substance abuse.

To determine incidence and outcome of reentry into anesthesiology training programs by residents with histories of substance abuse, a survey was sent to the 159 US anesthesiology training programs. One hundred thirteen (71%) responded, with 82 (73%) submitting at least one case report of substance abuse. A total of 180 case reports were submitted, including 26 in which the resident died as a result of substance abuse. The prevalence of substance abuse among trainees was 2%. Sixty-one (74%) of the responding training programs submitted a total of 113 case reports of resident reentry into anesthesiology training. The success rate of reentry in the parenteral opioid abuser group was 34% (27/79). The success rate of reentry for the nonopioid abuser group was 70% (16/23). There were 14 cases of suicide or lethal overdose among trainees who were allowed to reenter anesthesiology training. Death as the initial relapse symptom occurred in 16% (13/79) of the parenteral opioid abusers who were allowed to reenter anesthesiology training. This study suggests that drug rehabilitation followed by redirection into another specialty may be the most prudent course for the anesthesiology trainee who abuses parenteral opioids.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1991

Support services for pediatric trainees. A survey of training program directors.

We conducted a survey of pediatric training program directors (75% response rate) regarding program support services for house staff, directors' attitudes about stress in training, and program plans to ameliorate such stress. Support services included explicit measures to alleviate stress, policies that may minimize stress, evaluation of house staff performance, feedback regarding career concerns, and benefits (eg, medical insurance and child care). Most programs offered services to reduce stress from training, but few offered preventive services. Support policies were reported to be inadequate, especially in the areas of coverage for leaves of absence. Maternity leave represented most leaves of absences, as 10% of the female house staff and 11% of the male house staff members became parents. Program directors' terms were short, and only 30% perceived these roles to be their primary roles. Male directors believed that female house officers had a harder time adjusting to their programs. We suggest changes and present a simple way for program directors to evaluate their support services.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1978

[Cardiac arrhythmias and other complications in patients after myocardial infarction during a long term training program].

In 85 patients with myocardial infarction undergoing a physical training on a bicycle ergometer 3 times a week over a period of 18 months beginning 5 weeks after the acute infarction, telemetric and haemodynamic investigations were made. The telemetry was done during ergometer training, dynamic and isometric gymnastics and during work at home. The diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure under exercise was registered in 43 patients before the beginning of the training program; in 16 of these patients a control heart catheterization was made after a training period of 4 months. During the ergometer training program 32% of all patients had ventricular premature beats more than 1:10, 6% had paroxysmal ventricular tachycardias, 1 patient had supraventricular tachycardias and 1 patient died at home after having a tachycardia of unknown origin. During dynamic or isometric gymnastics or under work at home the patients had not more arrhythmias than in the telemetric controls during the ergometer training. Arrhythmias and other complications are very often found in patients with high diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure in the exercise test.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Six-month pharmacy technician training program at a community college.

A six-month pharmacy technician training program at a community college is discussed. Establishment of the program, recruitment and screening of applicants, and the curriculum are described. Also discussed are the advantages of community college training, the program's pharmacist advisory committee, contracts with hospitals that provide practical experience, reaction of state pharmacy organizations to the program, and the employment record of graduates. It is suggested that short, effective pharmacy technician training programs should be established in community colleges to supply high quality supportive personnel to hospital pharmacies. A national testing and certification program for pharmacy technicians is recommended.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1977

A model training program for child mental health specialists.

The Child Mental Health Specialist Training Program was established in 1970 at Camarillo State Hospital to train personnel specifically for work with mentally disturbed and delinquent children in a variety of settings. In collaboration with local colleges, the two-year program offers training at the master's-, bachelor's-, and associate-degree levels. Its focus is on clinical experience, supplemented by academic courses taught by staff of the Camarillo Children's Treatment Center. The authors describe the growing need for qualified child-care workers, the concepts underlying the program's structure, and the operation of the program. They emphasize the importance of designing training programs to produce versatile and flexible workers with skills that are adaptable to changing treatment approaches.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

A model for the objective assessment of clinical training programs: the initial application to two pulmonary medicine fellowship programs.

A model is presented for the objective assessment of clinical training programs. The model documents the clinical trainee's experience by the diagnoses seen and procedures performed during a full year of experience. It also surveys faculty impressions of the trainee's experience and their judgment of what is necessary to constitute an adequate experience. In the pilot study applying this model to two pulmonary medicine fellowship programs, several important observations were made: (1) faculty members may not have an accurate perception of the fellow's actual clinical experience, (2) faculty impressions of the fellow's experience often do not correspond to their own conception of an adequate clinical experience, (3) interprogram variability exists, (4) pulmonary fellows may have inadequate experience with certain invasive procedures. These observations suggest that wilder application of such a model could provide valuable information to program directors and subspecialty boards. In addition, directors of pulmonary disease training programs have been asked by the American Board of Internal Medicine to establish systems to evaluate, document, and substantiate those components of overall clinical competence considered essential for certification in the subspecialty. The model presented here provides an accurate and efficient means for such evaluation and documentation.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1990

Biennial survey of clinical nutrition training programs.

Three posttraining program surveys have been done by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition Committee on Subspecialty Training to evaluate the status of training programs in clinical nutrition. This survey updates demographic data about programs and determines which classes are offered or required as a part of basic nutrition-science requirements for nutrition training programs. In addition, the importance of board certification and accreditation of training programs is examined.

Certification↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Residents' perception of evaluation procedures used by their training program.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the methods of evaluation used routinely by training programs and to obtain information concerning the frequencies with which various evaluation methods were used. DESIGN: Survey of residents who had recently completed internal medicine training. PARTICIPANTS: 5,693 respondents who completed residencies in 1987 and 1988 and were registered as first-time takers for the 1988 Certifying Examination in Internal Medicine. This constituted a 76% response rate. MAIN RESULTS: Virtually all residents were aware that routine evaluations were submitted on inpatient rotations, but were more uncertain about the evaluation process in the outpatient setting and the methods used to assess their humanistic qualities. Most residents had undergone a Clinical Evaluation Exercise (CEX); residents' clinical skills were less likely to be evaluated by direct observation of history or physical examination skills. Resident responses were aggregated within training programs to determine the pattern of evaluation across programs. The majority of programs used Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) certification, medical record audit, and the national In-Training Examination to assess most of their residents. Performance-based tests were used selectively by a third or more of the programs. Breast and pelvic examination skills and ability to perform sigmoidoscopy were thought not to be adequately assessed by the majority of residents in almost half of the programs. CONCLUSIONS: While most residents are receiving routine evaluation, including a CEX, increased efforts to educate residents about their evaluation system, to strengthen evaluation in the outpatient setting, and to evaluate certain procedural skills are recommended.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

A muscular endurance training program for symmetrical and asymmetrical manual lifting tasks.

The purpose of this study was to test whether the endurance limits of new employees engaged in symmetrical and asymmetrical manual lifting tasks can be significantly increased through a physical training program. Each subject participating in the training program performed a total of 16 sessions. A control group performed two sessions separated by a 4-week interval. The results of this study showed that endurance time increased by 248% for the symmetrical and 46% for the asymmetrical lifting tasks. Furthermore, the frequency of handling increased by 44% and 34% for these tasks, respectively. The control group showed no improvement in terms of endurance time and frequency of handling. The implementation of a physical training program as a tool to control overexertion injuries in industrial settings is outlined.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1978

Basic skills for hospital pharmacy technicians: development of a programmed training manual.

The development of a programmed training manual to teach basic skills to hospital pharmacy technicians is described. Steps in the development of the manual included reviewing pertinent literature, writing a job description for a pharmacy technician position, performing a task analysis, writing learning objectives and sequencing course content into a programmed format. Five units of the manual cover dosage forms and routes of administration, drug nomenclature, abbreviations, calculations and medication orders. The programmed format should help to provide quality, economic and efficient training for technicians.

Goals↗
PubMed1991

How are pediatric training programs preparing residents for practice?

The majority of pediatric residents continue to choose a career in practice on completion of their training. Despite knowing residents' career preferences, many training programs have focused on inpatient tertiary care at the expense of primary care. Perhaps this reflects service needs and the significant technology and extensive information resulting in the growth of pediatric subspecialties. To determine the spectrum of didactic and clinical experiences pediatric training programs offer residents to prepare them for managing a practice, we conducted a survey of pediatric training program directors in 1988. Although the majority of residency programs have a practice management curriculum, the number of hours devoted to this area is minimal. In addition, a significant number of residents are not experiencing a community office rotation. This survey indicates the need to develop a practice management curriculum if trainees are to be prepared for choosing the right career and for being competitive in practice.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Surgical satellite pharmacies in institutions with anesthesiology training programs for physicians.

The results of a survey on the use of surgical satellite pharmacies in hospitals with anesthesiology training programs are reported. In June 1990 a questionnaire was mailed to 158 directors of anesthesiology training programs for physicians. The questionnaire solicited information on the presence of surgical satellite pharmacies in the training hospitals and the nature of the services provided, including accounting for controlled substances. Responses were received from 102 program directors and their designees, for a 65% response rate. Some respondents returned questionnaires completed by affiliated hospitals; a total of 137 responses were accumulated. Surgical satellite pharmacies were present in 46 (34%) of the 137 hospitals. Of those 46 satellite pharmacies, only 14 dispensed all controlled substances to anesthetic-administration areas. Most of the satellite pharmacies provided services at least eight hours per day. All 46 pharmacies dispensed controlled substances, 31 provided i.v. admixtures, and 12 dispensed all i.v. solutions. Accountability for controlled drugs was provided through a daily inventory count (45 satellite pharmacies), daily comparison of agents received and returned (36), review of the anesthesia record (31), random audits of individual providers (18), or quantitative or qualitative analysis of residual drugs (16). Accountability was considerably better in hospitals with surgical satellite pharmacies than in hospitals without them. Surgical satellite pharmacies provided increased accountability for controlled substances in institutions with anesthesiology training programs but did not use all the available methods for preventing drug diversion.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1989

Occupational medicine residency training programs. The role occupational health nurses play.

An experienced occupational health nurse with suitable academic qualifications is able to assist in providing a well-rounded education and teaching physicians to be effective members of occupational health teams. Nurses are involved in teaching occupational health to physicians in the academic and practicum phases of occupational medicine residency training programs. However, the involvement of nurses in training physicians is inconsistent among the accredited residencies. Most of the nurses involved in teaching occupational health to physicians are at least master's degree prepared. Nurses are involved in the didactic, clinical, and administrative components of the training programs. Though nurses are involved in residency training programs to an extent, the lack of consistent involvement limits the diversity of points of view and fosters an imbalance in the training of occupational medicine residents.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of ubidecarenone in an exercise training program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

A study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of ubidecarenone in pulmonary rehabilitation in exercise training programs in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The subjects were 20 patients with COPD who had been participating in an exercise training program for at least four weeks. The patients were randomly assigned either to receive 50 mg of oral ubidecarenone daily or to enter a control group during the program. Oxygen consumption, expired volume, and heart rate were measured during exercise tests before and after training. Maximum oxygen consumption increased 13% in the ubidecarenone-treated patients and 7% in the controls, and maximum expired volume increased 10% in each group. The increases were significant in the ubidecarenone group but not in the controls. Heart rate increased 2% in both groups. It is concluded that ubidecarenone deserves further evaluation in exercise training programs for patients with COPD.

Coenzymes↗
PubMed1978

[Empirical examination of training programs for the treatment of speech anxiety].

This study is the result of an attempt to get effective methods in order to reduce the students' speaking anxiety in seminars. In a prepost-design, two training programs are compared: systematic desensitization and assertive training. Success is controlled with the help of a subjective anxiety scale, the "Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar" (FPI), and by scanning how often and how long somebody is speaking in a seminar. The main results are: both of the training programs reduce speaking anxiety signficantly (perhaps with a little more success of SD), SD also reduces "Gehemmtheit" (FPI-Scale 8). There is a lot of difficulties with regard to the observation of the behavior variables but it seems to be that Ass increases speaking frequency in relation to the groups' mean, while this effect could not be supposed according to SD. At the end of the article, the results are discussed and some questions are raised with regard to the further research of training programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Exploratory investigation of the ability of attendants to plan their own training program.

A study was made of the ability of attendants in residential institutions for mentally retarded persons to plan an attendant-training program. A mailback survey of attendants in two midwestern institutions yielded 173 respondents. Planning-related responses were for originality, practicality, and completeness. Measures of job satisfaction, attitudes toward mental retardation, and demographic information were also obtained. It was hypothesized that the majority of attendants would be able to outline a training program for attendants and that planning ability would be related to the other variables measured. Tryon and Bailey's cluster analysis method was used, and four relatively independent clusters were found: rated training suggestions, job satisfaction, segregation-exclusion attitude, and tenure. An object-cluster analysis was performed on each attendant's cluster scores, identifying individual score profiles and isolating seven major 0-types. These were discussed in terms of predicted attendants' ability to plan a training program. It was concluded that some attendants are capable of making meaningful contributions to the training process but that this ability does not appear to be related to the other variables such as tenure or job satisfaction.

Adult↗