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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Tooth surface loss: does recreational drug use contribute?

OBJECTIVE: This pilot study was designed to measure tooth wear in a sample of 13 subjects who regularly use amphetamine-like drugs (Ecstasy, amphetamines) and compare the observed wear with a matched sample of nondrug users. DESIGN: The two groups, both composed of 13 undergraduate students, were matched for age and sex. Other factors influencing tooth wear were controlled by matching the groups on their responses to a questionnaire asking about recognised common causes of tooth wear. The participants teeth were examined and the degree of wear scored according to a tooth wear index. RESULTS: Severity of occlusal tooth wear of the lower first molar teeth was significantly greater in the drug user group than in the control group (P<0.05). No other statistically significant differences between the groups were found. CONCLUSION: Regular use of amphetamine-like drugs could be associated with increased posterior tooth wear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Coronal and apical lesions, environmental factors: study in a modern and an archeological population.

Apical periodontitis (AP) are frequent findings in contemporary dental practice in association with dental pathology or dental care. They have also been studied from an anthropological background. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of apical and dental lesions in an archeological Middle Ages sample and a modern population, and to evaluate the influence of environmental factors. Both the archaeological sample group and dental practice subjects were from southern France. The study included full mouth surveys of 252 individuals (2,780 teeth) from a historic necropolis and 223 subjects (5,678 teeth) randomly selected from the Gard area. Tooth wear, caries, and AP were accounted for clinically and radiographically according to specific indexes. Significant differences were found between period and age in the archeological sample as regards the main risk factors for AP. Antemortem teeth loss and dental wear had been reduced, whereas caries rates and AP had increased between archaeological and modern population. The AP ratio was associated with the level of dental care in the modern population. Although significant variations could be observed between archaeological periods, the rupture in E3 (sixteenth and seventeenth centuries) leads to consider the associated population as a premodern. However, it was found that although cultural and alimentary factors seemed to be the main risk factors in an archeological population, dental care seemed to have a strong influence on AP ratio in modern ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Dental aesthetics--a survey of attitudes in different groups of patients.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of various groups of patients towards the appearance of their teeth. METHODS: A questionnaire was used which consisted of six background variables and 13 attitudinal statements concerning the appearance of the teeth. The number of responses obtained was 254. Multiple regression analysis was undertaken to reveal any statistical associations between the answers to the statements and the background variables. RESULTS: According to the results, the appearance of the teeth was found to be more important to women than to men. For older patients, the appearance of teeth was not as important as for younger patients (r = -0.144, P = 0.012). Patients with limited education had a greater preference for white teeth than patients with a high level of education (r = 0.115, P = 0.037). The perception that very white teeth are beautiful decreased with increasing age (r = 0.112, P = 0.049), and younger patients expressed a greater preference for white teeth than older patients (r = 0.11, P = 0.50). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that various groups of patients have different attitudes towards the appearance of their teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The Neanderthalian molar from Hunas, Germany.

In this paper, we present a well-preserved isolated human molar found in 1986 in the Hunas cave ruin, south-east Bavaria. The tooth was located at the bottom of layer F2, which belongs to a long stratigraphic sequence comprising faunal remains as well as archaeological levels (Mousterian). A stalagmite from layer P at the base of the stratigraphic sequence was recently dated to 79.373+/-8.237 ka (base) and 76.872+/-9.686 ka (tip) by TIMS-U/Th (Stanford University). We identified the tooth as a right (possibly third) mandibular molar. Characteristic parameters such as crown and root morphology, fissure pattern, enamel thickness, occlusal and interproximal wear, dental dimensions and indices, and radiological features indicate that the Hunas molar represents the tooth of a Neanderthal. This is corroborated by both the palaeontological and archaeological findings (Mousterian) of layer F2.

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMed2005

In vivo correlation of noncarious cervical lesions and occlusal wear.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The etiology of noncarious cervical lesions is not well understood. An understanding of the etiology helps the clinician determine appropriate treatment and management strategies. Purpose This study evaluated the relationship between noncarious cervical lesions and occlusal (or incisal) wear. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Casts (n = 299) made from dental students were articulated in a semi-adjustable articulator and evaluated. Data included the presence and contour of noncarious cervical lesions (NCLs) and the presence, location, and severity of any occlusal/incisal wear facets. Also included were Angle's classification, occlusal guidance patterns, midline, presence of tori, tooth restoration, reverse articulation (crossbite), open occlusal relationship, and posterior excursive contacts where present. Following a calibration procedure, 2 evaluators made independent observations on the casts. The first evaluator recorded for each tooth in each subject: presence and severity of NCLs, presence and extent of occlusal/proximal restorations, and presence of reverse articulation and open occlusal relationship. Following the first evaluation red rope wax was placed at the cervical margins of each tooth for the purpose of blinding the second evaluator from NCL observations. The second evaluator recorded severity and location of occlusal/incisal wear, presence or absence of posterior excursive contacts, Angle's classification, occlusal guidance pattern, any midline discrepancy, and presence or absence of tori. The Spearman correlation coefficient and chi 2 tests were used to analyze the data (alpha=.05). RESULTS: There was no relationship between noncarious cervical lesions and occlusal/incisal wear. There was also no correlation between NCLs and other parameters examined. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study, noncarious cervical lesions are not related to occlusal wear.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effects of Bartter's syndrome on dentition and dental treatment: a clinical report.

Bartter's syndrome is an autosomal recessive form of severe volume depletion due to renal salt wasting. This clinical report describes the prosthodontic treatment for a 24-year-old man who suffers from Bartter's syndrome. The treatment plan included endodontic treatment of the maxillary anterior incisors and placement of cast dowel-and-core restorations because of reduced crown height. The patient's remaining teeth were restored with metal-ceramic crowns.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Enamel thickness and the helicoidal wear plane in modern human mandibular molars.

Helicoid occlusion has long been recognized as a feature characterizing the human dentition and has been viewed as an important morphological marker in the transition from Australopithecus to Homo. The hallmark of helicoidal wear is a buccal wear slope in anterior mandibular molars (and a corresponding lingual slope of wear in anterior maxillary molars) reversing to a flat or lingual-oriented one in posterior mandibular molars. If localized increases in enamel thickness are taken as evidence of an adaptation to increased wear resistance, then data on enamel thickness in unworn molars can be used to assess whether the region of greatest wear changes from anterior to posterior in such a way as to provide evidence for the helicoidal wear plane being a structural feature of the orofacial skeleton. Such a hypothesis was supported in a previous study on enamel thickness in modern human maxillary molars. As maxillary and mandibular precisely interdigitate, it is reasonable to expect that a similar pattern of enamel thickness distribution should be present in mandibular molars. To test this, data on the distribution of enamel thickness across functionally relevant regions of the crown were collected on a sample of twenty-nine completely unworn mandibular molars. Results suggest that enamel thickness increases slightly posteriorly but no evidence exists for morphological changes along the mandibular molar series of modern humans to follow a trend towards providing additional tooth material in areas under greater wear in accordance with a helicoidal wear model. This suggests that the patterning of enamel thickness must be viewed in conjunction with other features, such as the biomechanical behaviour of molars during occlusion and axial molar angulation, to ascertain the precise anatomical determinants of this unique feature of the human dentition.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2001

Skull size and cheek-tooth length in wild-caught and captive-bred chinchillas.

Chinchillas are herbivorous rodents with teeth that all grow continuously. In captivity, they are commonly affected by dental disease. As the range of dental disease occurring in wild chinchillas is unknown, the dentition of museum specimens originally obtained from the wild was assessed and compared with specimens prepared from captive-bred animals. Skulls from wild-caught chinchillas showed minimal evidence of dental disease and the teeth were all short, cheek-tooth lengths averaging 5.9 mm. Cheek-tooth lengths in zoo specimens (average 6.6 mm), clinically normal (average 7.4 mm) and captive-bred animals with dental disease (average 10 mm) were significantly elongated by comparison (P<0.0001). Captive-bred specimens showed a wide range of tooth-related lesions. These results suggest that some aspect of captivity is responsible for the development of dental disease in chinchillas. It is suggested that the diet (its physical form and composition) is the main aetiological factor, and that provision of a diet closely matching that of wild chinchillas should significantly reduce the incidence of dental disease in captive animals.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1996

In vivo fluoride profiles at different sites of buccal and lingual enamel surfaces obtained by enamel biopsy of human maxillary first permanent molars in young adults.

Twenty male volunteers, average age 24 years, participated in this study. Specimens were obtained by enamel biopsy using 5 microliters of 0.5 M HClO4 for 30 s. Using a regression curve, comparisons of fluoride concentrations were made at different depths. The fluoride concentrations (mean +/- SE) at a depth of 5 microns were highest in the distobuccal (1698 +/- 136), high in the mesiobuccal (1343 +/- 122), low in the distolingual (1119 +/- 107), and lowest in the mesiolingual sites (819 +/- 78). Of the interior enamels (> or = 10 microns in depth), the distobuccal site (1330 +/- 88 parts/10(6) F at 10 microns) had a higher-concentration than all other sites. The fluoride profiles were steepest to shallowest in the order: distobuccal, mesiobuccal, distolingual and mesiolingual. There were no correlations between the enamel fluoride concentrations and the fluoride concentration in parotid saliva. It was concluded that in vivo fluoride profiles of maxillary first molars reflect the wear of the tooth surface with age and the condition of dental plaque deposition, and, to some extent, the site-specific distribution of saliva between buccal and lingual surfaces.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Anatomic crown width/length ratios of unworn and worn maxillary teeth in white subjects.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Dimensions of teeth have been available for a century. Some significant and clinically relevant aspects of dental esthetics, however, such as the crown width/length ratios, have not been presented in tooth morphology sources until recently. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the anatomic crowns of 4 tooth groups (central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, and first premolars) of the maxillary dentition with respect to width, length and width/length ratios and determine how these parameters are influenced by the incisal edge wear. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Standardized digital images of 146 extracted human maxillary anterior teeth from white subjects (44 central incisors, 41 lateral incisors, 38 canines, 23 first premolars) were used to measure the widest mesiodistal portion "W" (in millimeters) and the longest inciso-cervical/occluso-cervical distance "L" (in millimeters). The width/length ratio "R" (%) was calculated for each tooth. A 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of W, L, and R for the different groups ("unworn" and "worn" subgroups, except for premolars). Multiple least significant difference range tests (confidence level 95%) were then applied to determine which means differed statistically from others. RESULTS: There was no influence of the incisal wear on the average value of W (width) within the same tooth group. The widest crowns were those of central incisors (9.10 to 9.24 mm) > canines (7.90 to 8.06 mm) > lateral incisors (7.07 to 7.38 mm). Premolars (7.84 mm) had similar width as canines and worn lateral incisors. The L-value was logically influenced by incisal wear (worn teeth were shorter than unworn teeth) except for lateral incisors. The longest crowns were those of unworn central incisors (11.69 mm) > unworn canines (10.83 mm) and worn central incisors (10.67 mm) > worn canines (9.90), worn and unworn lateral incisors (9.34 to 9.55 mm), and premolars (9.33 mm). Width/length ratios also showed significant differences. The highest values were found for worn central incisors (87%) and premolars (84%). The latter were also similar to worn canines (81%), which constituted a homogeneous group with worn lateral incisors (79%) and unworn central incisors (78%). The lowest ratios were found for unworn canines and unworn lateral incisors (both showing 73%). CONCLUSIONS: Along with other specific and objective parameters related to dental esthetics, average values for W (mesiodistal crown dimension), L (inciso-cervical crown dimension), and R (width/length ratio) given in this study for white subjects may serve as guidelines for treatment planning in restorative dentistry and periodontal surgery.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

The prevalence, etiology and management of tooth wear in the United Kingdom.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that tooth wear is now a significant problem in both children and adults. There is growing evidence that a major cause of severe wear in patients is regurgitation erosion due to a variety of factors including gastroesophageal reflux disease. PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to discuss the prevalence of tooth wear in the United Kingdom. Emphasis in management should be on accurate diagnosis, and in some patients, long-term monitoring before embarking on any irreversible, interventive treatment. Even when treatment is necessary, a period of monitoring is helpful to assess the rate of progress of the wear, the effectiveness of preventive measures, and therefore the extent of the treatment necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Ideal endodontic access in mandibular incisors.

Straight-line access in mandibular incisors facilitates locating and debridement of the canals. The purpose of this study was to plot where ideal access should be located in mandibular incisors to obtain straight-line access to the apical third of the root canal and to determine if a correlation exists between incisal edge wear and position of access opening. Two hundred and seventy-nine mandibular incisors were radiographed in clinical and proximal views. Straight-line access was determined by finding midpoints in the canal at two levels and extending a line connecting the points through the crown. Teeth were graded as to the condition of the incisal edge. Ideal straight-line access was determined to be at the incisal edge in 72.4% of the teeth, whereas in 27.6% of the teeth it was to the facial of the incisal edge. As the wear of the incisal edge increased, the ideal access moved from the facial toward the incisal.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1998

Endodontic diagnosis in dogs.

Complete endodontic evaluation should diagnose endodontic involvement, provide a treatment plan, and evaluate the true success or failure probabilities. Evaluation of the age, physical and oral health of the patient, the endodontic anatomy, clinical and radiographic findings can provide a treatment plan and a predictable prognosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Investigation of an index to measure tooth wear in primary teeth.

UNLABELLED: Tooth wear, in particular erosion, has been reported to be widespread in children in the UK. Wear may affect either dentition, but epidemiological measurement has proved difficult. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were: (a) to investigate use of a simple index of wear in primary teeth; and (b) to compare findings from visual examination and from photographs with those at histological examination of the same teeth. SAMPLE AND METHODS: Forty-one exfoliated or extracted primary anterior teeth were assessed visually and using photographs. Ground sections of the teeth were prepared and examined using polarised light microscopy. RESULTS: On visual examination, 31 of the 41 teeth had evidence of wear. In 14 teeth, tissue loss was confined to enamel and in 17 it extended into dentine. Findings on photographs were very similar to those on visual examination. Of the 10 teeth without erosion visually, two had evidence of loss on histological examination. Of the 14 with visual evidence of erosion confined to enamel, dentine was exposed in 11 cases. Diffuse demineralisation was evident histologically in 11 of the 31 teeth with evidence of erosion. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that clinical assessment of erosion may underestimate the extent of the condition. Under the conditions of the study, photographs gave results similar to those on visual examination.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: Part 2. Smile analysis and treatment strategies.

The "art of the smile" lies in the clinician's ability to recognize the positive elements of beauty in each patient and then create a strategy to enhance the attributes that fall outside the parameters of the prevailing esthetic concept. New technologies have enhanced our ability to see our patients more dynamically and facilitated the quantification and communication of newer concepts of function and appearance. In a 2-part article, we present a comprehensive methodology for recording, assessing, and planning treatment of the smile in 4 dimensions. In part 1, we discussed the evolution of smile analysis and reviewed the dynamic records needed. In part 2, we review smile analysis and treatment strategies and present a brief case report.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

Impact of treatment provision on the epidemiological recording of root caries.

The estimation of root caries prevalence and the identification of risk factors for decay depend upon the successful identification of carious lesions in epidemiological studies. Root surface restorations can either be placed to manage decay or cervical wear/sensitivity. The handling of data for restorations during epidemiological surveys is critical to the accurate assessment of caries prevalence. The objective of this study was to determine the relative frequency of dentists' placing root surface restorations according to their reason for placement. Data for 696 restorations were recorded from 35 dentists. Forty-five % of restorations were placed because of decay compared with 55% for cervical wear/sensitivity. There were no significant differences in proportion of placement of restoration with age of the patient or between regular and irregular attenders of different ages. Using these data a correction factor was developed for inclusion in the Root Caries Index (RCI) to make allowance for the proportion of restorations placed because of wear/sensitivity. When this correction factor was introduced into an existing data-set for root caries, the RCI was reduced for all groups. This reduction was greatest in regular attenders. When these data were analysed without making allowance for treatment effects, there was a significant difference in RCI between regular and irregular attenders. When the correction factor was applied to these data, this difference was eliminated.

Adult↗