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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Timing of reproductive maturation in rural versus urban Tonga boys, Zambia.

BACKGROUND: Population variation in the timing of reproductive maturation among boys has received relatively little attention. However, evidence that the timing of pubertal onset is related to measures of adiposity suggests that the onset of reproductive maturation among boys in populations with poor nutritional status will be delayed. AIM: This study seeks to determine the impact of nutritional status on the timing of reproductive maturation by comparing urban and rural boys in an African population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects were 794 rural and urban Tonga boys from Zambia, ages 5-19. Onset of puberty was defined as testicular volume >3 mL, which was measured using Prader beads. Data on height, weight, triceps skinfolds, and dental development were also obtained. RESULTS: Onset of testicular growth was 11.2 years (95% CI 10.9-11.4) for urban boys and 12.4 (95% CI 12.1-12.9) years for rural boys. Completion of testicular growth was also earlier in the urban sample: 15.3 years (95% CI 15.0-5.6) versus 17.1 years (95% CI 15.6-25.2). Both onset and completion of testicular growth were significantly and positively related to height and arm muscle area. In addition, triceps skinfolds by residence interaction was a significant predictor of testicular maturity, indicating a stronger relationship between energetic status and testicular growth in the rural sample. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that delayed onset and slow testicular development among rural Gwembe boys is related to poor nutritional status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Immunoreactivity and protective effects in mice of a recombinant dengue 2 Tonga virus NS1 protein produced in a baculovirus expression system.

The double-stranded replicative form of dengue 2 virus (DEN-2) RNA (Tonga strain) was used as a substrate to produce DNA clones of the NS1-NS2A genes via reverse transcriptase synthesis of full length cDNA followed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the NS1-NS2A region. Products were cloned into pTZ18R for sequencing and into baculovirus for expression studies. The deduced amino acid sequence of the NS1-NS2A was almost identical to that of the S1 attenuated strain of DEN-2 Puerto Rico 159, differing in only four amino acids. The NS1 protein expressed in insect cells [Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9)] from the baculovirus recombinant was indistinguishable from authentic NS1 of DEN-infected Aedes albopictus cells in glycosylation, dimerization, cellular presentation and antigenicity. Mice injected with the expressed protein developed NS1-specific complement-fixing antibodies and were partially protected against neurological residua after intracranial challenge. The protective effect was mouse strain- and gender-specific.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Oculocutaneous albinism in an isolated Tonga community in Zimbabwe.

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a recessively inherited genetic condition prevalent throughout sub-Saharan Africa. We now describe a cluster of tyrosinase positive OCA (OCA2) cases belonging to the Tonga ethnic group living in the Zambezi valley of northern Zimbabwe. The prevalence in this region was 1 in 1000, which is four times higher than that for the country as a whole. The gene frequency for OCA2 in this population was calculated as 0.0316, with a carrier rate of 1 in 16. Molecular analysis showed that all five affected subjects from two independent families examined were found to be homozygous for an interstitial 2.7 kb deletion mutation commonly found in OCA2 subjects in Africa. An obligate carrier from another family was heterozygous for this deletion allele. Affected subjects in this isolated community suffered health, social, and economic problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Hyperendemic bancroftian filariasis in the Kingdom of Tonga: the application of the membrane filter concentration technique to an age-stratified blood survey.

A survey carried out in Tonga, an area of hyperendemic subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis, compared the diagnostic efficiency of the membrane-filtration and stained blood film techniques. Membrane filter concentration of 1 ml blood revealed a microfilaria rate that was approximately the same for all age groups, from 5 to 9 years old to greater than 50 years old, about 70%. The microfilaria rate by examination of stained 60 mm-3 thick blood films was lower for all age groups. Membrane filter concentration detected 7.8 times as many infections as thick film diagnosis in the 5- to 20- and 21- to 50-year-old groups, and 1.6 times in the greater than 50-year-old group. Concentration revealed the prsence of microfilariae in the blood of 5 of 8 patients with gross elephantiasis, whereas microfilariae were found in the stained thick-film of only 1 of these individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some traditional Tonga eye remedies.

Tonga eye syndromes, aetiological concepts, and eye drops are presented. The attitude of a group of Secondary School Students to common traditional eye drops are presented together with ocular findings in a group of users and alleged non-users. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups. Not all traditional eye drops are dangerous, and a positive education approach is suggested to improve ocular health.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Incidence of hepatitis B-antigenaemia and positive alphafoetoprotein in New Zealand, Western Samoa and Tonga--(a pilot study of Polynesian liver disease).

A pilot study was carried out to determine the nature of Polynesian liver disease by a study of blood donors and liver biopsy material from natives in Samoa, Tonga and Auckland, New Zealand. The data is suggestive that the Hepatitis B carrier state and hepatoma are greater in Polynesians than in Europeans. One familial hepatoma in two Maori brothers at ages of 11 and 13 years are reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Hepatocellular carcinoma and liver pathology in tonga.

All liver histology records from Tonga during 1970-79 were reviewed, including 42 biopsy and one necropsy specimens. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma was the histological diagnosis in 13 (30 percent). The age standardised incidence rate for confirmed cases are: males 2.9 and females 1.5 per 100 000. These are unremarkable compared to some reported rates, but many of these areas have included a high percentage of unconfirmed cases. Other diagnosis included cirrhosis (14), cholangiocarcinoma (2), metastatic carcinoma (2), cholangitis (2), hepatic fibrosis (2), and actinomycosis (1). The difficulties of diagnosis and areas for further studies are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Human brucellosis in Tonga.

The first cases of human brucellosis in Tonga are discussed with emphasis on a general review of the disease. The need for awareness and animal screening is highlighted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Tonga.

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Agriculture↗
PubMed1987

Oral rehydration salts and diarrhoeal diseases: effects of changing inpatient management in Tonga.

Methods of inpatient management of children with diarrhoeal diseases (DD) in 1978 and in 1980 were compared to assess the use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and a national antidiarrhoeal programme (NAP). Inpatient notes of 369 children admitted with DD were reviewed. The management of DD differed significantly but the clinical outcome was similar, with the exception of the case-fatality rate. All deaths occurred within the first 24 h of admission, indicating that this difference was attributable to improved management of DD in the community rather than changes in the inpatient treatment regime.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Kava tonga.

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Anecdotes as Topic↗