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PubMed1990

[Tissue preservation in the DRG].

The conservation of tissue in GDR is an example system of superregional supply with tissue transplants, which was established with the foundation of the Central Tissue Bank at the Charité in 1956 e. g. with the following arrangement of tissue banks in Leipzig and Rostock in 1966 and 1969. The concept of this tissue banks is characterized by means of decentralised production of tissue material under conditions of section and the central preparation, conservation and storage (chemical or radiation sterilization, conservation on base of freeze-drying (or freeze-storage), aseptic packing and storage by room temperature). This system allows the consistent disposal of 30 various nonvital tissue preparations. Until 1989 more than 170,000 allogeneic and xenogeneic tissue transplants have been produced in the tissue banks of country of which nearly 130,000 were used in 300 clinics.

Berlin↗
PubMed2004

Effect of formalin, acetone, and RNAlater fixatives on tissue preservation and different size amplicons by real-time PCR from paraffin-embedded tissue.

RNA recovered from paraffin-embedded tissue has been reported to be a suitable substrate for polymerase chain reaction. During tissue fixation and paraffin embedding, RNA undergoes degradation, but with certain restrictions, it can be used for gene expression studies. At the same time, formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded histopathology archives contain an unestimable collection, which could be analyzed to investigate changes in mRNA expression in pathologic processes. To decide for future tissue conservation of pathology samples, it would be reasonable to satisfy both histologic and molecular biologic needs. The effect of three different fixation methods, RNAlater (SIGMA R 0901, St Louis, MO), acetone, and formalin, were compared by histology, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR. To assess tissue structure preservation and antigenicity, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were performed; to assess RNA quality, RNA was extracted and the transcription of different amplicon sizes (121, 225, 406 bp for GAPDH; 166, 310, 536 bp for beta globin) were examined on human endometrium samples. The most adequate tissue preservation was found in case of formalin fixation, while there were no significant differences in the three fixatives' yields for various size real-time PCR amplicons. Longer amplicons (above approximately 225 bp) have limited use for gene expression studies, while shorter amplicons could give more reliable results.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Supracrestal soft tissue preservation with enamel matrix proteins in treatment of deep intrabony defects.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of a regenerative procedure based on supracrestal soft tissue preservation in association with enamel matrix proteins (EMP) in the treatment of deep intrabony defects. METHODS: The subjects included 35 consecutively treated patients, 23 females and 12 males, aged 28-61 years, 11 of whom were smokers. Patients presented with at least one intrabony defect with probing pocket depth > or = 6 mm and a radiographic depth of the defect > or = 4 mm at the initial visit. Immediately before surgery and 9-12 months after surgery, Local Plaque Score (LPS), Local Bleeding Score (LBS), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (REC), and radiographic depth of the defect (DEPTH) were recorded. RESULTS: Thirty-one (88.6%) defects were LPS-negative presurgery, while 29 (82.9%) defects presented with no plaque postsurgery. The prevalence of LBS-positive defects shifted from 94.3% presurgery to 8.4% postsurgery (p < 0.0000). PPD was 8.9 mm before surgery, and decreased to 3.5 mm postsurgery (p < 0.0000). CAL varied from 10.1 mm presurgery to 5.4 mm postsurgery (p < 0.0000), with an average improvement (gain) of 4.7 +/- 1.7 mm. Twenty-six (74.3%) defects presented a gain of least 4 mm. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between CAL gain as a dependent variable, and presurgery PPD and amount of supracrestal soft tissues as predictors. DEPTH improvement (gain) was 3.9 +/- 1.8 mm, which represented 65% of defect fill. Twenty (57.1%) defects presented a DEPTH gain of at least 4 mm. DEPTH gain was significantly correlated to presurgery PPD (p < 0.000). No significant differences were found between smokers and non-smokers in terms of CAL and DEPTH gain. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the present study indicated that the regenerative procedure based on supracrestal soft tissue preservation and EMP application leads to clinically and statistically significant improvement of hard and soft tissue conditions of deep intrabony defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A preliminary report of tissue preservation with University of Wisconsin cold storage solution in major limb replantation.

We report our results using University of Wisconsin (UW) cold storage solution in two cases of major replantation of the upper extremity. We employed a technique of a complete vascular washout with 1000 ml UW solution at 4 degrees Celsius at 120 cm hydrostatic pressure into the artery via a size 18 cannula. The ischaemic time of the amputated limbs were 7 hours and 11 1/4 hours respectively. No fasciotomy was performed upon revascularisation and minimal swelling was observed postoperatively. No post-ischaemic syndrome was encountered following the replantation surgery. With a follow-up of 10 and 16 months respectively, muscle and nerve viability were observed with sensory recovery and motor reinnervation. There was absence of muscle contracture and at subsequent surgical procedures, healthy musculature was present in the replanted limbs. These two clinical cases suggest that the UW solution has a role in extending the duration of tissue preservation and improving the quality of the tissues preserved.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1997

Assessment of bog-body tissue preservation by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) was used to assess the quality and mechanism of protein preservation in the tissue of Iron Age bog bodies from Lindow, UK, and south-eastern Drenthe, The Netherlands. Abundant pyrolysis products of the fresh skin tissue, including 2,5-diketopiperazines of Pro-Gly, Pro-Ala, Pro-Val, Pro-Pro and Hyp, were readily assigned to specific amino acid or dipeptide moieties. Comparison of the pyrolysates of the bog-body tissues with that of modern samples revealed qualitative similarities suggesting good preservation of the collagen and non-collagenous proteins in the ancient tissues. Examination of the pyrolysates of samples of fresh calf skin, which had been treated with various vegetable tanning agents, clearly revealed markers of non-hydrolysable tannins including 1,2-benzenediol, 1,3-benzenediol and 1,2,3-benzenetriol, although chromatographic quality inevitably diminished with increasing functionalization of the compounds. Such markers were not detected in the pyrolysates of the bog-body tissues. Instead 4-isopropenylphenol, a characteristic pyrolysis product of Sphagnum moss, was detected in both solvent-extracted and base-treated samples of tissue. The presence of 4-isopropenylphenol in the pyrolysates of the bog-body tissues provides evidence that their preservation involves reactions of amino acids with sphagnum acid, and possibly other agents derived from the peat. The study constitutes the first chemical characterization of the pyrolysis products of modern and ancient collagen.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

'Cialit' as a tissue preservative: a microbiological assessment.

We describe bacterial contamination of a 'Cialit'-preserved cartilage bank which continued after a variety of changes to the harvesting and preservation protocols during a 3-year prospective study. Our results emphasize the importance of adequate tissue bank microbiological screening. Alternative methods of tissue preservation should be considered.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1984

Methenamine as an induced artifact during extraction of formaldehyde-preserved tissue.

The effect of different basic drug assay procedures on the formation of artifactual methenamine from formaldehyde preserved and nonpreserved tissue was studied. Trichloroacetic acid was compared with ammonium sulfate as a protein precipitant and sodium hydroxide was compared with ammonium hydroxide as a pH modifier. The assay of nonpreserved tissue failed to result in the detection of methenamine. However, when preserved tissue was assayed by procedures which utilized ammonium compounds, large quantities of methenamine were detected using TLC and GC/MS. Trace quantities of methenamine were detected in extracts of preserved autolyzed tissue which was assayed using nonammonium compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1960

Human tissue preservation: development of regulations and removal of some legal barriers.

Human tissue must be obtained promptly postmortem if it is to be successfully preserved. Legal assistance toward this goal has been established by the California Legislature. To implement this legislation the State Board of Public Health has established regulations relating to human tissue preservation. These are the first such regulations in the nation. Tissue preservation is not yet fully developed. Much research is in progress to overcome many problems. The future may hold interesting developments. Present laws and regulations will implement them.

California↗
PubMed1997

Influence of tissue preservation methods on arterial geometry and echogenicity.

Thoracic porcine aortas from 5 pigs were investigated with 7.5-MHz ultrasound in vitro at low and high transmural pressure before and after the following tissue preservation methods were applied: 1. Storage in frozen condition (-12 degrees C) for 24 h followed by thawing; 2. fixation in formalin at zero transmural pressure for 24 h; and 3. fixation with formalin for 24 h while applying 74 mmHg of transmural pressure from within the lumen and a tensile force to longitudinally stretch the artery. Fixation in formalin at zero transmural pressure resulted in swelling of the arterial wall (25 +/- 40%, p < 0.02, at low transmural measurement pressure) and in decreased echogenicity (-23 +/- 38%, p < 0.01) of the arterial vessel wall. No changes in this respect were found after storage in a frozen condition nor after fixation in formalin at high transmural pressure which, therefore, are more appropriate procedures for fixation of arteries prior to in vitro ultrasound examination if geometry is important.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Role of antioxidants in regulation of lipid peroxidation in preserved tissues under prolonged storage].

The effect of natural and artificial antioxidants on accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in preserved tissues under prolonged storage was studied. It is established that after the expiration date established for each method of preservation, the intensity of lipid peroxidation progresses from the low level to the self-accelerating regime. This crucial transition emerges much more later with the application of antioxidants. Of antioxidants tested, vitamin E and propylgallate proved the most effective ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Tissue-preserving ventral compression osteosynthesis of dens axis fractures using endoscopy and special instruments].

Endoscopic operations are tissue-preserving operative methods, which are increasing constantly in importance. Lag screw osteosynthesis is suitable for performance as an endoscopic operation with specially designed instruments. We have developed a set that allows lag screw osteosynthesis into the axis of the dens. Under endoscopic view the soft tissues are divided and a tube is placed through which the screw is inserted with the aid of an image intensifier. Two patients have so far been operated on in this way, both without complications.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A novel system for organ and tissues preservation: the refrigerating hyperbaric chamber.

UNLABELLED: This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of building a simple and inexpensive device to preserve organs or tissues in hyperbaric and hypothermic conditions. METHODS: The device was built on a 40-cm wide, 28-cm long, and 23-cm deep stainless steel chassis. The pressure vessel was built by a 7.8-cm bore stainless steel cylinder put inside another 12-cm cylinder welded together and closed by a steel plate on the top and bottom. The inferior plate was welded, and the superior one was fixed by manual clasp nut. The cooling system is made up of air compressor, condenser, expansion area, and cooling worm that is located between the cylinders. The temperature-controlling device is a computer processor contained in an integrated-circuit chip, with a on-off system to maintain the chamber temperature between 2 degrees to 4 degrees C. The compression of the chamber is performed by lateral coupling with the oxygen cylinder and is maintained at 5.5 absolute atmospheres and controlled by air pressure gauge. The maximal work pressure was evaluated by spreadsheet. Temperature or pressure changes were evaluated by 12- and 24-hour assays. RESULTS: The maximal work pressure permitted was 6.5 absolute atmospheres. Thus, the container was free from danger. The temperature inside the chamber was kept between 2 degrees and 4 degrees C. The production costs of the prototype was US$1000. DISCUSSION: The manufacture of the refrigerating hyperbaric chamber is viable, simple, and inexpensive.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed1998

Detoxified glutaraldehyde cross-linked pericardium: tissue preservation and mineralization mitigation in a subcutaneous rat model.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Glutaraldehyde is considered a promoter of calcification by the action of toxic aldehyde group residuals from cross-linking. Post-fixation treatment with homocysteic acid (HA), besides bonding aldehyde groups and neutralizing toxicity, should enhance biocompatibility due to the strongly electronegative sulfonic group. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate HA efficacy on tissue preservation and dystrophic calcification mitigation in glutaraldehyde cross-linked bovine pericardium (BP) using a subcutaneous rat model. METHODS: Four samples of BP, two with glutaraldehyde-HA and two with glutaraldehyde treatment, were implanted in each of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Three rats were killed at 14 days, eight at 28 days, eight at 56 days and five at 84 days. Unimplanted glutaraldehyde-HA- and glutaraldehyde-treated samples served as controls. All samples were studied by gross examination, mammography, light transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The nature of mineralization was investigated by coupling techniques of scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis and X-ray powder diffraction. RESULTS: No histological and ultrastructural differences were found between glutaraldehyde-HA- and glutaraldehyde-treated BP, whether implanted or unimplanted. In both groups, calcification progressed with time, but significantly less after glutaraldehyde-HA treatment than after glutaraldehyde alone and at all time intervals (14.63 +/- 21.34 versus 43.17 +/- 15.99 at 28 days, p = 0.003; 56.42 +/- 40.20 versus 90.59 +/- 32.90 at 56 days, p = 0.008; 91.68 +/- 67.68 versus 156.23 +/- 17.85 at 84 days, p = 0.01). Differences were evident by mammography and histology (von Kossa stain). Electron microprobe analysis in both groups showed the composition of calcified nuclei to be calcium phosphate, stoichiometrically close to apatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)). The occurrence of crystallized apatite was supported by X-ray powder diffraction findings, the amount of crystallized apatite being higher in glutaraldehyde-treated samples. CONCLUSIONS: Post-fixation treatment with HA preserves BP structural properties and significantly mitigates mineralization of long-term subcutaneous implants.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART). A special tissue preservative and patient-friendly approach].

The number of studies investigating aspects of the ART-approach has increased in recent years. This tissue preservative treatment concept appears to be less painful and is, therefore, more patient-friendly than conventional treatments. The investigations so far have shown that the ART-approach is indicated for treating single-surface cavities in both primary and permanent dentitions. There appears to be no difference in survival results between single-surface ART restorations and comparable amalgam restorations in the permanent dentition after 3 years. ART sealants using high-viscosity glass-ionomers seem to be retained longer than ART sealants using low-viscosity glass-ionomers after 3 years. The surface wear of ART restorations using high-viscosity glass-ionomers after two years is low. It can be concluded that the ART approach is beneficial in improving the oral health of many people, not only in developing but also in more advanced countries. The full benefit of the ART-approach is not yet known.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1998

Tissue preservation in hand injury: the first step to toe-to-hand transplantation.

The recommendations outlined in this editorial for the initial management of nonreplantable amputation injuries emphasize tissue preservation. This facilitates future toe-to-hand transplantation in terms of reconstructive options, functional and aesthetic outcomes in the hand, and donor-site morbidity in the foot. It is hoped that surgeons involved in the emergency surgical care of such cases will find these guidelines useful. Although tissue conservation is the main goal at this stage of treatment, this should not be at the expense of tissue viability. If in doubt about management issues, advice should be sought from the reconstructive microsurgery unit.

Finger Injuries↗