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Results for “Tick Paralysis”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Infestation in the dog by the paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus. 1. Clinical and histological findings.

Under laboratory conditions 8 dogs were infested with Ixodes holocyclus and the clinical signs and histological findings were recorded. Seven of the dogs developed clinical signs of the disease, died and were subjected to a post-mortem examination, while the eighth dog remained normal. The clinical signs were consistent between animals and enabled the course of the disease to be subdivided into 5 stages to facilitate analysis of data in future experiments. The most prominent feature of the disease was dysfunction of the efferent motor system although some disturbance of the afferent pathways and involvement of the autonomic nervous system did occur. The period elapsing between attachment of the ticks and onset of signs varied from 5.5 to 7 days, while the mean duration of the disease was 23.3 h. The histopathology demonstrated moderate to severe congestion of the liver, kidney and lungs, and in some lung sections pulmonary oedema was present.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Infestation in the dog by the paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus. 2. Blood-gas and pH, haematological and biochemical findings.

Arterial blood-gas and pH, haematological and biochemical estimations were carried out on 8 dogs infested with Ixodes holocyclus and 2 uninfested controls. The arterial blood-gas and pH measurements did not change significantly until the dogs were recumbent and unable to lift their heads. When affected dogs became moribund, moderate hypoxaemia with acute ventilatory failure was present. The significant haematological and biochemical abnormalities were difficult to interpret individually, but taken together could reflect sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal cortex or medulla.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Infestation in the dog by the paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus. 4. Cardiovascular effects.

To determine the extent and significance of changes in heart rate and rhythm noticed previously in dogs paralysed with Ixodes holocyclus, two studies were undertaken. In one the electrocardiogram was recorded at stages throughout the disease and the traces analysed for changes, while in the second a detailed study of the effect of Ixodes holocyclus on the cardiovascular system was undertaken. The electrocardiographic changes were extremely variable between stages and between dogs. Generally, if a dysrhythmia occurred in stages 1, 2 or 3 it tended to be sinus tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia or sinus arrest. In stage 4 sinus arrest, sinus bradycardia, or sinus or ventricular tachycardia were the prominent dysrhythmias, whereas in stage 5 sinus bradycardia predominated. Cardiovascular measurements indicated an increase in peripheral vascular resistance leading to a significant elevation in mean arterial pressure at all stages of the disease. Cardiac output was decreased significantly only at stage 2, although it was below the control measurements at all stages. Pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly elevated at stages 2, 3 and 4 due most probably to an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. Myocardial contractility was not significantly changed throughout the disease. The changes observed in the electrocardiogram and the cardiovascular system in stages 1, 2 and 3 are unlikely to be due to hypoxia and could represent dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. During stages 4 and 5 oxygen levels were below normal and the bradycardia seen terminally is almost certainly due to hypoxaemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Detection in allergic individuals of IgE specific for the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus.

Three techniques were developed to detect IgE specific to Ixodes holocyclus. The radioimmunoassay (RIA) was found to be superior to both radioallergosorbent test and enzyme immunoassay techniques. Validation of the RIA technique was provided by dilution experiments and by a blind study involving 13 volunteers; the RIA graph was linear over a wide range of concentrations. The RIA ratio clearly discriminated between those volunteers with and without systemic allergic reactions and helped to identify borderline cases showing local or cutaneous allergic reactions. It appears to be suitable for diagnostic and research applications.

Animals↗
PubMed1960

Tick paralysis.

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Animals↗
PubMed1952

Tick paralysis.

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Humans↗
PubMed1975

Tick paralysis: electrophysiologic studies.

A patient with tick paralysis had motor and sensory nerve conduction studies before and after removal of an engorged tick. The amplitudes of muscle action potentials evoked by stimulation of motor nerves were reduced initially, returning to normal after the tick was removed. Distal motor and sensory latencies also shortened after removal, and conduction velocities were improved 6 months later. Direct stimulation of muscle produced a normal response, and tests of neuromuscular transmission were normal, including the response to edrophonium. These findings are compatible with experimental results showing effects of the toxin on motor nerve terminals as well as on large sensory and motor nerves.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Tick paralysis in North America and Australia.

The pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of tick paralysis in North America and Australia are reviewed. Clinical and electrodiagnostic findings in tick paralysis are contrasted with those that occur in other diffuse lower motor neuron disorders, and the disease in North America is compared with the more severe form of the disease that occurs along the east coast of Australia. A detailed account of the treatment of animals afflicted with tick paralysis is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Reactions to tick antitoxin serum and the role of atropine in treatment of dogs and cats with tick paralysis caused by Ixodes holocyclus: a pilot survey.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and nature of adverse reactions of dogs and cats to tick antitoxin serum and to re-evaluate the role of atropine in the treatment of tick paralysis. DESIGN: A retrospective questionnaire of veterinarians. PROCEDURE: Questionnaires were posted to 320 veterinarians in tick-endemic regions of Australia. Questions referred to dogs and cats treated for tick paralysis over a period of three years: the number treated, treatment protocols and adverse systemic reactions to tick antitoxin serum. Ninety completed questionnaires were returned and responses analysed. RESULTS: Veterinarians reported that approximately 3% of dogs exhibited adverse reactions immediately following treatment with tick antitoxin serum. Eighteen percent of these reactions were described as anaphylaxis, with the remaining 82% attributed to the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Six percent of cats treated with tick antitoxin serum reacted adversely and the majority of reactions (63%) were ascribed to the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Atropine was used routinely by 10% of responding veterinarians in the treatment of dogs and cats with tick paralysis. A similar number of veterinarians used atropine only in selected cases. Most veterinarians (76%) reported that they never used atropine in the treatment of tick paralysis in either dogs or cats. Within the survey population, premedication with atropine reduced the number of Bezold-Jarisch reactions following tick antitoxin administration approximately five-fold in dogs and four-fold in cats. CONCLUSIONS: Data from this pilot survey indicate that more cats than dogs have adverse systemic reactions to tick antitoxin serum and that the majority of these reactions in both dogs and cats could be related to the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. The number of reactions to tick antitoxin serum in dogs and cats could be significantly reduced by the routine use of atropine prior to administration of tick antitoxin serum.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Pediatric tick paralysis: discussion of two cases and literature review.

This report describes two cases of tick paralysis in children diagnosed within a 3-month period (May-July 2002) in rural South Carolina. Differing presenting symptoms consisted of acute onset of ataxia in one patient and acute ascending paralysis in the other. Ticks were present on the scalp of both patients and were removed immediately. Both girls demonstrated improvement of signs and symptoms within hours and complete recovery within 24 hours of tick removal. The diagnosis of tick paralysis must be considered in any patient, particularly children, who present with either acute ataxia or acute ascending paralysis. As in any clinical encounter, careful history and thorough general and neurologic examinations must be performed to exclude the possibility of tick attachment.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Tick paralysis presenting in an urban environment.

We report the case of a 17-month-old female with tick paralysis presenting to an urban Los Angeles emergency department. The tick was later identified as the North American wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni, and was likely obtained while the family was vacationing on a dude ranch in Montana. We discuss the epidemiology of tick paralysis, a differential diagnosis for health care providers, and methods of detection and removal. Given the increasing popularity of outdoor activities and ease of travel, tick paralysis should be considered in cases of acute or subacute weakness, even in an urban setting.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Tick paralysis: electrophysiologic measurements.

Electrophysiologic measurements in a 9-year-old girl with tick paralysis demonstrated a prolonged distal latency and a decremental response to 30 Hz stimulation. The nerve conduction determinations became normal after clinical recovery. The pathophysiologic process of this disease seems to be within the peripheral nerve although a central site of action of tick toxin cannot be completely excluded. Tick paralysis should be considered in the individual who develops ascending paralysis.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Tick paralysis in Brazil.

From July to December 1977 and from June to November 1978 the toxic effects of Amblyomma cajennense were studied in cattle sheep and goats. Locomotor disturbances commencing as hind-limb paralysis ascended to the upper nervous centres causing paralysis. This was observed in natural infections and confirmed experimentally. Tick paralysis is reported for the first time in Brazil, manifesting itself in a different form to that usually attributed clinically to the disease. Also for the first time reference is made to tick paralysis induced by all developmental stages of A. cajennense.

Animals↗