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PubMed1987

[Comparison of ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) for the treatment of Salmonella typhi infections in clinical practice].

Ninety-four patients with Salmonella typhi infection hospitalized and treatment. Widal test results, blood cultures, stool cultures and physical examination findings were admitted infection criteria. Ampicillin used 100 mg/kg/day four divided dose in 52 patients, chloramphenicol used 2g/day four divided dose in 28 patients and TMP-SMZ 160-800 mg used bid in 14 patients. All of the treatments applied for 2 weeks. Ampicillin 92.30%, chloramphenicol 82.15% and TMP-SMZ 85.71% were found success. Fever dropped in normal degrees 3.43 +/- 1.71 days in ampicillin group, 3.47 +/- 1.13 days in chloramphenicol group and 3 +/- 1.41 days in TMP-SMZ group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of seven cases of chronic granulomatous disease with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP).

Seven male Japanese children with chronic granulomatous disease were given sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) for recurrent pyogenic infections, most of which had proved difficult to control with other antibiotics. With continous treatment the children remained free of infections severe enough to necessitate hospitalization, except on one occasion. Serious complications, including hematological disorders, never occurred during therapy and there were no changes in leukocyte function during therapy. These results indicate that SMX-TMP should be considered in the treatment of bacterial infections associated with chronic granulomatous disease.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1995

Acronyms and effacement: traditional medical practitioners (TMP) in international health development.

International development draws on a globalized vision of 'traditional medicine' when constructing country-specific programs that use local practitioners to further health objectives. This paper looks at the tension between this mobile notion of 'the traditional' and the local social ground. Categories such as traditional birth attendant (TBA) and traditional medical practitioner (TMP) emerge from a process of translation that links local realities to development in specific ways. Examination of training programs for two kinds of 'indigenous practitioners' in Nepal--birth attendants and shamans--shows that various Nepalese specialists are constructed as TBAs and TMPs in a discursive process that emphasizes some differences while eliding others. The acronyms TBA and TMP encapsulate numerous acts of translation through which diverse local practices are subsumed into an overarching development framework. The many layers of this process include: how 'traditional healers' are understood in international health policy; how, in national planning, these conceptions are made to fit with existing Nepalese healers; and how research on 'local ideas and practices' becomes authoritative knowledge about 'traditions', which then, in turn, form a basis for the planning and implementation of training programs. The conceptual categories evident in development discourse on 'traditional healers' take concrete, practical form in the design and implementation of training programs. At the same time development attempts to create programs tailored to local conditions, it generates frameworks that efface or exclude much of what local people think, believe and do. Although training programs for TBAs and TMPs have been advocated as a way to 'bridge the gap' between the realities of local peoples lives and development institutions' visions, it is important to realize that, at another level, development discourse produces the very problems it aims to solve. The case study of training programs for TMPs and TBAs in Nepal shows how the universalizing principles inherent in development discourse systematically dismantle and decontextualize different socio-cultural realities in the course of taking them into account. Development institutions are thus positioned as authoritative mediators of all local worlds. Translation is a social act that, through the management of the circulation of discourses, reinforces the particular global-local power relations of international development. Relations of power, as well as states of health, are at stake in health development encounters. This paper questions whether health development can achieve its humanitarian goals within the existing conceptual framework.

Abbreviations as Topic↗
PubMed1997

Relationship between chromatin bridges in anaphase and chromosomal aberrations induced by TMP + UVA (365 nm) in CHO cells.

In a recent paper, the hypothesis of 'conservative pairing' between complementary DNA strands belonging to both sister chromatids has been proposed as a phenomenon that could account for, at least in part, sister chromatid pairing in late G2/mitosis. The hypothesis was verified through a cytogenetic approach, studying the so-called 'sister chromatid chromatin bridges' (SCCBs), induced in the previous G2/mitosis by a crosslinking (TMP + UVA 365 nm) treatment in CHO cells (Rizzoni, M., E. Cundari, P. Perticone and B. Gustavino (1993) Chromatin bridges between sister chromatids induced in late G2 mitosis in CHO cells by trimethylpsoralen + UVA. Experimental Cell Res., 209, 149-155; [1]). The purpose of the present paper is the study of the relationship between chromatin bridges without fragments in ana-telophase, which were demonstrated to be SCCBs, and chromosomal aberrations, in order to investigate their mechanism of induction. The evolution along the time of the two classes of mitotic anomalies was studied and a comparison was carried out to verify whether the bridges rise as a direct and immediate effect of the treatment or represent the misrepair-mediated effect of it. The present data show that single bridges without fragments come from a direct effect of photoinduced crosslinks in late G2/mitosis. Moreover TMP + 365 nm UVA treatment shows an S-dependent clastogenic effect. The proposed hypothesis of 'conservative pairing' between DNA strands of sister chromatids is further supported.

Anaphase↗
PubMed2001

Molecular cloning of a cDNA for rat TM4SF4, a homolog of human il-TMP (TM4SF4), and enhanced expression of the corresponding gene in regenerating rat liver(1).

il-TMP (also known as TM4SF4) is a human tetraspanin that is expressed in human intestine and liver. We have cloned a novel cDNA for a rat gene with sequence similar to that of a cDNA for human il-TMP. The cDNA encoded a protein of 202 amino acids, designated rat TM4SF4. The corresponding transcript was detected in rat liver and testis. The expression of rat TM4SF4 was enhanced in regenerating liver after two-thirds partial hepatectomy. It was supposed that rat TM4SF4 might play a role in cell proliferation and in liver regeneration.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Studies on polyurethane potting compound based on HDI-TMP adduct for fabrication of haemodialyzer.

Polyurethane potting compounds based on hexamethylene diisocyanate-trimethylol propane (HDI-TMP) adduct (Component "A") and polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and castor oil (Component "B") were prepared as potential compounds for the fabrication of haemodialyzer. The setting characteristics of the potting compounds having isocyanate index 2.0 are better than those compounds having 1.35. The aging stability of PEG and PPG based potting compounds are poorer than those of castor oil based potting compounds. Appreciable hydrolytic, oxidative and chemical stability could be observed with castor oil based potting compounds of HDI-TMP adduct.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

Differentiation of rapidly growing mycobacteria with trimethoprim (Tmp).

Inhibition of Mycobacterium smegmatis, M. vaccae, and M. diernhoferi by Trimethoprim (Tmp) in both liquid and solid media is described. Other mycobacteria were not inhibited by the same concentrations. The selective inhibition of the above strains, particularly M. smegmatis, by Tmp could be used for differentiation of these species from other fast-growing acid-fast bacteria.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1981

Prophylaxis of bacterial infection by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) during chemotherapy in patients with childhood acute leukemia.

A combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim was given orally to 13 children with acute leukemia on 16 occasions of hospitalization during remission induction chemotherapy for the prophylaxis of bacterial infection. Frequency of episodes of persistent fever in this group of patients was markedly low, namely 0.38 per one hospitalization, whereas that in control group which was given no drug was 0.98. Furthermore, frequency of episodes of definite bacterial infection in the patients given SMX-TMP was 0.25 per one hospitalization. This was significantly low as compared with control patients whose frequency was 0.84. Although, there occurred slight rash and liver dysfunction as the side effects, they were reversible. These results suggest that the prophylactic use of SMX-TMP in children with acute leukemia during chemotherapy is effective and valuable for the protection from bacterial infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Molecular cloning and purification of Ac-TMP, a developmentally regulated putative tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease released in relative abundance by adult Ancylostoma hookworms.

A cDNA encoding a putative tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease was cloned from an Ancylostoma caninum adult hookworm cDNA library by immunoscreening with anti-hookworm secretory products antiserum. Ac-TMP (A. caninum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase) is encoded by a 480-bp mRNA with a predicted open reading frame of 140 amino acids (molecular weight, 16,100 Da) that contains one potential N-linked glycosylation site and an N-terminal Cys-X-Cys consensus sequence. The open reading frame corresponds to a putative hookworm tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases (TIMP) with 33% identity and 50% similarity to the N-terminal domain of human TIMP-2. Analysis by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction indicates that transcription of Ac-tmp is restricted to the adult stage. The protein was isolated from A. caninum adult secretory products by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified as one of the most abundant proteins released by the parasite. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a TIMP from a parasitic invertebrate.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Single-dose amoxicillin, TMP-SMX and ofloxacin therapy in lower urinary tract infections].

In this study the results of single-dose amoxicillin TMP-SMX, and ofloxacin therapy in ürinary tract infections have been presented. The study is held in Sağlik Sosyal Yardim Bakanliği - Hacettepe Universitesi Tip Fakültesi Cubuk Study Group Research and Training Hospital. The treatments were successful in 33% of 15 women treated with single-dose oral amoxicillin, in 60% of 15 women treated with 2 tablets DS single-dose TMP-SMX and 100% of 20 women treated with 400 mg oral single-dose ofloxacin.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Photomodification of 4,5',8-trymethylpsoralen (TMP) and related compounds in aqueous solution.

The photomodification of 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP) and related compounds was studied in aqueous solution in the presence of oxygen. The capacity of these compounds to generate singlet oxygen was also determined and an evident correlation between the capacity to generate singlet oxygen and the rate constant of the photomodification was observed. Moreover the photomodification was increased in the presence of D2O (which increases the lifetime of singlet oxygen) and quenched in the presence of sodium azide, a well known singlet oxygen quencher. These data support the hypothesis that the photomodification of the examined compounds occurs mainly via singlet oxygen. The role of the photomodification of TMP in relation of therapeutical efficacy is discussed.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2002

Purification and characterization of aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase from Arthrobacter Sp. TMP-1.

Aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase was purified to essentially homogeneity from putrescine-grown cells of Arthrobacter sp. TMP-1. The molecular weights of the enzyme and its subunit were 201,000 and 51,000, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme is a tetramer of identical subunits. The apparent Michaelis constants (K(m)) for 4-aminobutyraldehyde, 3-aminopropionaldehyde and 4-guanidinobutyraldehyde were approximately 65, 150, and 85 microM, respectively. Linear fatty aldehydes also tested were less active as a substrate, while the tested succinate-semialdehyde and branched fatty aldehydes were inert. The enzyme utilized both NAD(+) and NADP(+) as coenzymes. The optimum pH was 8.0. The enzyme lost 64% of its activity when held at 40 degrees C for 10 min.

Aldehyde Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1983

Activity of trimethoprim (TMP), sulphamethoxazole (SMX) and the combination against Bacteroides fragilis group isolates.

The in-vitro efficacy of trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) was tested against 59 isolates belonging to the Bacteroides fragilis group of bacteria and was shown to be dependent upon the inoculum size. With an inoculum of 3 X 10(5) colony forming units (cfu), 98% of these isolates were susceptible to the combination, whereas with a higher inoculum of 10(6) cfu, 88% were susceptible. None of the isolates were susceptible to less than 2 mg/l of TMP, whereas 57 (97%) were susceptible to SMX at the lower inoculum and 21 (36%) at the higher inoculum. These data indicate that TMP/SMX has moderate activity against organisms of the Bact. fragilis group when tested at an inoculum of 10(6) cfu.

Bacteroides fragilis↗
PubMed1997

Purification and characterization of polyamine aminotransferase of Arthrobacter sp. TMP-1.

Polyamine aminotransferase of Arthrobacter sp. TMP-1 was induced by 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), N-3-aminopropyl-1,3-diaminopropane (norspermidine), spermidine, and spermine, but not by putrescine. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity. Its molecular weight and subunit size were 129,000 and 64,000, respectively. Its absorption spectrum had maxima at 280 and 420 nm and a shoulder at about 350 nm, and changes were observed upon the addition of DAP, putrescine, and sodium borohydride. The spectrum and its changes indicated that the enzyme contained pyridoxal-5'-phosphate as the coenzyme. The coenzyme content was found to be 1 mol per mol of subunit. DAP, putrescine, norspermidine, spermidine, and spermine were active amino donors and gave relative rates of 100, 73, 24, 30, and 23%, respectively. Pyruvate was the most active amino acceptor, while 2-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate were inert. The equilibrium constant of the DAP-pyruvate transamination was 0.34. DAP was suggested to be a minor product of the norspermidine-pyruvate reaction.

Arthrobacter↗
PubMed2001

Purification and characterization of aminopropionaldehyde dehydrogenase from Arthrobacter sp. TMP-1.

Aminopropionaldehyde dehydrogenase was purified to apparent homogeneity from 1,3-diaminopropane-grown cells of Arthrobacter sp. TMP-1. The native molecular mass and the subunit molecular mass of the enzyme were approximately 20,5000 and 52,000, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme is a tetramer of identical subunits. The apparent Michaelis constant (K(m)) for 1,3-diaminopropane was approximately 3 microM. The enzyme equally used both NAD(+) and NADP(+) as coenzymes. The apparent K(m) values for NAD(+) and NADP(+) were 255 microM and 108 microM, respectively. The maximum reaction rates (V(max)) for NAD(+) and NADP(+) were 102 and 83.3 micromol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively. Some tested aliphatic aldehydes and aromatic aldehydes were inert as substrates. The optimum pH was 8.0-8.5. The enzyme was sensitive to sulfhydryl group-modifying reagents.

Aldehyde Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed2004

[Expression of TMP Fc in Pichia pastoris and identification of its biological activity].

The DNA coding for the fusion protein of thromobopoietin mimetic peptide (TMP) and human IgG1 Fc fragment was amplified from recombinant plasmid pET28a/TMPFc, inserted into pPICZalphaA and transformed into Pichia pastoris using electroporation. The recombinants of correct phenotype were identified after screening on MDH and MMH culture medium. The fusion gene was verified with PCR and western blot. MTT method was used to test the activity of TMPFc in promoting the growth of Ba/ F3-mpl cell. The TMPFc with a 64 000 molecular weight was a secretary protein in the system and its expression amounted to 65% of the total protein in the medium supernatant. The TMPFc showed a promotive effect on the growth of Ba/F3-mpl in vitro. A significant portion of the secretary protein existed as dimer, which provided material for studying the dimer in future.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

[Kidney function and bacteriological and histological research in the therapy of experimental E. coli pyelonephritis using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMO)].

40 uninephrectomized male Wistar rats with an experimental E.-coli-022-pyelonephritis (PN) were treated twice daily for 9 days with 30 mg trimethoprim and 150 mg sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMO) i.p. Bacteriologically most of the kidneys became sterile. Histologically a significant reduction of the frequency of severe PN was found in the treated group. The biologic half-life of 131I-hippuran indicated a decrease of excretory function which was reversible. Urine osmolality and osmotic clearance were increased after oral water loading in 10 untreated control animals with PN but not in the treated group. The 9 day treatment had a favourable effect bacteriologically, histologically and also on renal function.

Animals↗