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Results for “TENSOR TYMPANI”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Objective Tinnitus and the Tensor Tympani Muscle.

Objective tinnitus (OT) may be caused by contraction of the tensor tympani muscle (TTM). The more forcefully the TTM contracts, the greater the intensity of the OT heard. Forceful closure of both eyelids can reflexively cause OT by contracting the TTM. The Forceful Eyelid Closure Syndrome (FECS) was reported at the Proceedings of the Second International Tinnitus Seminar in 1983.(1) FECS consists of several factors: (1) Objective tinnitus (2) An associated waning of hearing primarily of the lower frequencies, as much as 45 dB at 125 Hz, 30 to 40 dB at 250 Hz ascending to the patient's norm at 2000 Hz and approximately a 5 to 10 dB at 4000 Hz and 5 to 20 dB at 8000 Hz (3) Retraction of the manubrium and posterior mid-third of the tympanic membrane (TM) at the malleus-umbo area as seen under the otomicroscope (OM) in 25% (108) of 432 ears examined (4) These same ears were 75% (324) positive for increased impedance at maximum compliance with FEC. Of the patients studied, 25% had no response under the otomicroscope or by impedance audiometry.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphology of tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, and dilatator tubae muscles.

The relationships among the paratubal muscles were studied in human fetal and adult Eustachian tubes. That which has, in recent years, been labeled the tensor veli palatini muscle actually consists of two distinct groups of muscle fibers: a medial group, henceforth termed dilatator tubae, and a lateral group, called tensor veli palatini. The latter was found to have no Eustachian tube origin, but was continuous superiorly with the tensor tympani muscle. The dilatator tubae muscle was found to have a tubal attachment. The participation of this muscle system in the normal functioning of the Eustachian tube-middle ear system in man, and the problems inherent in the development of animal models simulating the physiology of the physiology of the human system, are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The human acoustic tensor tympani reflex. A case report.

In a patient with unilateral lower motoneuron facial paralysis secondary to Bell's palsy, we evaluated the characteristics of what we believe to be an acoustically-evoked reflex contraction of the tensor tympani muscle. Ipsilateral stimulation of the involved ear yielded a pattern of impedance change different from the pattern characterizing normal stapedius muscle contraction. Threshold of the reflex was elevated, amplitude was large and variable, onset latency was greater, onset rise was more gradual, and offset decay was more rapid. Contralateral stimulation, with probe in the involved ear, failed to elicit the reflex contraction. Upon return of facial nerve function, the normal stapedius reflex contraction reappeared in response to both ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1979

Infiltration of the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles in otitis media. An experimental study in the cat.

A longitudinal sequential study of otitis media was done in an experimental animal (cat) using eustachian tube obstruction. Fifty animals were used. Cellular infiltration of the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles was studied in a continuum from day 1 to 6 months after inducing otitis media. We observed that there is infiltration of the connective tissue of both muscles in otitis media, and that the cellular changes follow the same pattern as that seen in the mucoperiostium and the round window of the middle ear, although to a lesser degree. In this first report of sequential changes in middle ear muscles in otitis media, clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The tensor tympani muscle reflex in nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

The initial stages of carcinoma of the nasopharynx may be manifested by different types of impaired hearing. The Eustachian tube may be obstructed by a tumour or its orifice compressed, sometimes the tumour penetrates into the middle ear. The authors discuss the position which may develop in infiltration of the semicanalis m. tensoris tympani and how functional disorders of this muscle may be manifested. They describe the provoked reflex of this muscle by trimolar acetic asid and investigate tympanometric reactions of this artificially provoked contraction of the m. tensor tympani in patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1985

Hypertrophy of the tensor tympani muscle presenting as a middle ear mass.

A wide variety of benign and malignant middle ear masses have been reported in the literature. We present here an example of a previously unreported type of lesion, a case of hypertrophy of striated muscle, probably the tensor tympani muscle, presenting as a middle ear mass in a 17-year-old male. Clinical evaluation revealed a marked conductive hearing loss and eustachian tube obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Acoustic effect of malleus head removal and tensor tympani muscle section on middle ear reconstruction.

In the reconstruction of ears with a missing incus, an incus replacement prosthesis (IRP) is commonly used to connect malleus and stapes. In some cases, it is necessary to resect the malleus head and/or section the tensor tympani muscle (TTM) tendon. The acoustic effects of these maneuvers have not been well studied. We performed experiments in a temporal bone model to measure the effect of these maneuvers on middle ear sound transmission. Measurements of umbo and stapes displacement were made before and after malleus head removal and TTM section plus incus replacement with an IRP. After malleus head removal, there was a peak gain in stapes displacement of 6 dB below 0.5 kHz and 8 dB above 2.5 kHz. TTM section had a similar but lesser effect. A clinical example is described.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2002

Acoustic tensor tympani response and vestibular-evoked myogenic potential.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acoustic response properties and the vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) in various lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of the clinical records of patients. METHODS: Neurotological tests including acoustic response and VEMP were performed and analyzed in 62 patients with facial palsy, otosclerosis, ossicular chain interruption, sensorineural hearing loss, or acoustic tumor. RESULTS: Inverted acoustic responses were observed in 25 of 38 (65.8%) patients with facial palsy, in 5 of 6 (83.3%) patients with acoustic tumor, and in all patients with otosclerosis, ossicular chain interruption, or sensorineural hearing loss. These inverted responses were obtained only when ipsilateral stimulation was used. The thresholds of the inverted responses were statistically significantly higher than those of the normal response. CONCLUSIONS: The vibration of the eardrum is thought to stimulate the ipsilateral trigeminal nerve, leading to contraction of the tensor tympani muscle. The stapedius response had an inhibitory effect on the inverted response. Vibration of the stapes footplate (which requires a normal middle ear conduction system) is necessary to induce the VEMP, whereas the functioning of the facial and cochlear nerves is independent of the VEMP response.

Adult↗