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PubMed1982

[Taboos and fears in the relationship of the therapist with his own family].

The following article confirms the necessity of family self-encounter of family therapist with a conflict-oriented approach and describes the problems of therapists dealing with their own present family and their family of origin. The empirical basis of this article are the experiences made during a three-years training course for analytic family therapists in Göttingen. Self-encounter with the own present family and family of origin was a substantial part of the course. Encountering families during treatment the therapist is endangered to aspire a rearrangement according to his unfulfilled wishful imaginations of his own family. This may paralyse the therapeutic process considerably. Coming to terms with one's own present family and family of origin is prevented by the unspoken agreement to conceal feelings and experiences in important situations. Especially the suffering of the single family member is taboo. In the family of origin an important reason for this seems to be the fact that children--no matter what age they are--always fear their parents. In the present family an important reason is the pre-conscious fear of having become guilty in respect to the children. Often there are struggles with partners and children to make them act in a different way as parents and brothers and sisters did. One's sore spots have remained the same in the present family and the family of origin. They seem to be exceptionally resistant to change. Repeated struggles about questions of style between partners are often an expression of unresolved ties to the family of origin, which do not permit partnership. A main result of the direct confrontation with the own family of origin was the insight that all participants had overestimated the degree of their individuation. Beyond the possibilities of training analysis, in which dyadic interactions are reproduced in the experience of the trainee, ego-syntonic behaviour and character armours became obvious, which were not perceptible in the transference relation. As an additional important access to the emotional network of one's own family the genogram--the genealogical tree constructed from a family dynamic point of view--is described.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

[On the way to the secret of Freudian psychoanalysis. From Emmy von N. to "Totem and taboo"].

The authors approach the work of Sigmund Freud by regarding the theory and history of psychoanalysis in terms of a feature that they have in common, namely secrecy. This proclivity towards secrecy, which stands in contradiction to the psychoanalytic principle of total frankness and demystification, is illustrated by a number of examples-the suggestion made by Jones to Ferenczi and Freud in 1911 for the "formation of a secret committee to supervise the development of psychoanalysis"; the censorship practised by Jones in connection with the use of the Freud Archives; and the case history of Emmy von N., where Freud assumes the role of depositary for the memories communicated by his patient under hypnosis and observes strict secrecy about them. The authors give a particularly detailed account of the evidence of the "secret of psychoanalysis" to be traced in Totem and Taboo, which they elucidate with the aid of a reading of Shakespeare's Tempest.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Full-thickness grafting of acute eyelid burns should not be considered taboo.

Split-thickness skin grafts are commonly used for the treatment of acute eyelid burns; in fact, this is dogma for the upper lid. Ectropion, corneal exposure, and repeated grafting are common sequelae, almost the rule. It was hypothesized that for acute eyelid burns, the use of full-thickness skin grafts, which contract less than split-thickness skin grafts, would result in a lower incidence of ectropion with less corneal exposure and fewer recurrences. The records of all patients (n = 18) who underwent primary skin grafting of acutely burned eyelids (n = 50) between 1985 and 1995 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 10 patients who received full-thickness skin grafts (12 upper lids, 8 lower lids) and 8 patients who received split-thickness skin grafts (15 upper lids, 15 lower lids). Three of 10 patients (30 percent) who received full-thickness skin grafts and 7 of 8 patients (88 percent) who received split-thickness skin grafts developed ectropion and required reconstruction of the lids (p = 0.02). No articles were found substantiating the concept that only split-thickness grafts be used for acute eyelid burns. The treatment of acute eyelid burns with full-thickness rather than split-thickness skin grafts results in less ectropion and fewer reconstructive procedures. It should no longer be considered taboo and should be carried out whenever possible and appropriate.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurses, bowel continence, stigma, and taboos.

This article explores why fecal incontinence remains a taboo subject and why it is often so difficult for patients to discuss their bowel symptoms. People's attitudes toward feces are complex and rooted in arbitrary social rules and conventions. It is difficult to encompass the full implications of fecal incontinence to those with this problem within a traditional medical model of illness and with cure as the goal of intervention. Many individuals are not cured, despite our best efforts. By recognizing the social dimension of this problem and by incorporating knowledge about coping and control into patient teaching and clinical practice, nurses may better meet the needs of those with fecal incontinence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Breaking the silence, dismantling taboos: Latino novels on AIDS.

As AIDS has ravaged the world in the last two decades, literature has played an important role in giving testimony of the epidemic. According to different communities and particular experiences, AIDS literature can offer ways of coping and surviving. In the last few years the U.S. Latino/a population has been highly affected by AIDS. The first genres to register AIDS were poetry and theatre. In this essay I examine how AIDS is represented in the first four Latino novels to deal with the subject matter: Ana Castillo's So Far from God, Daniel Torres's Morirás si da una primavera, Elías Miguel Muñoz's The Greatest Performance, and Jaime Manrique's latin Moon in Manhattan. My critical reading centers on how AIDS constitutes a new articulation of identity, particularly gay and ethnic identity. Most importantly, I propose that these novels contribute to dismantling homophobia and compulsory heterosexuality, deconstructing sexual and cultural taboos, and breaking the silence on AIDS/SIDA.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1999

Millennium hopes. Fighting taboos.

The author's first wish is for International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) to be tenacious in its continuous, unstinting support of family planning in its original sense. Secondly, the author would like to see wider recognition of the urgency with which IPPF must move into the sexual and reproductive health arena, including fighting for the rights of women, men and young people in the many areas of the world still suffering from societal taboos. Thirdly, the author wants IPPF to be visionary in recognizing that young people, women and men need supportive social and economic environments to help them plan and space the children that they would like to have. Current educational and economic requirements and circumstances have become very child unfriendly, as the low birth-rate countries illustrate. Finally, the author hopes to see a much better understanding of intergenerational communication and support as IPPF steps up its efforts to support society in its sexual and reproductive needs.

Family Planning Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Abortion--a taboo right. Women's complex experiences include both relief and pain].

Women resort to abortion in all possible contexts and the motives for abortion reflect the need of women for planned parenthood. Women's experiences of abortion are complex; the abortion is experienced as a relief and regarded as a form of exercising responsibility. This does not exclude ethical reasoning or simultaneous painful feelings. As long as abortion is understood primarily as a last resort among special risk groups and not as a phenomenon which reflect reproductive expectations among all groups in society, abortion will retain its image as something taboo. In addition, as long as women's complex considerations and experiences in relation to abortion remain hidden the myths about abortion will live on.

Abortion Applicants↗
PubMed1986

[Religious aspects in child psychiatry. A taboo topic?].

The recent child psychiatric literature in which religious concerns play a central role is reviewed. The paucity of such publications during the past 20 years suggests that religion is taboo in the field of child psychiatry.

Child↗