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PubMed1993

Effect of recipient doe genotype on survival rate at birth of frozen rabbit embryos.

The effect of the genotype of 2 selected rabbit strains (White New Zealand and Synthetic) on the survival rate at birth of frozen embryos was studied. Morulae were obtained 64-66 h postcoitum from 32 multiparous does naturally mated with males of the same strain (16 does of Synthetic strain (SY) and 16 does of the White New Zealand strain (NZ)). Morphologically normal morulae were slowly frozen in 1.5 M DMSO and stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, intact embryos from both strains were transferred into the oviducts of 32 recipient does of both strains (16 SY strain does and 16 NZ does). Significant differences were observed in pregnancy rate and survival rate at birth between strains of recipient does. The recipient does of the SY strain showed a higher pregnancy rate than those of the NZ strain (87.5% versus 25% respectively; P < 0.05). When the survival rate at birth was analyzed in all recipient does, this was found to be 28 +/- 4% in SY recipient does versus 8 +/- 4% in NZ recipient does (P < 0.01). However, when the survival rate was analyzed in pregnant recipient does, no significant differences were found between embryo strains and recipient strains, the average survival rate was approximately 32%. The major factor in the differential survival rate between SY and NZ embryos was due to the genotype of recipient does.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Evaluation of the long-term survival rate of thoracic esophageal cancer].

The 5-year survival rate of 906 cases of thoracic esophageal cancer was 23%. Related to sex distribution, it was significantly better in women. Age distribution and location of cancer had no particular correlation to the 5-year survival rate. It increased in the length of the filling defect less than 6 cm and reduced when the length exceeded 10 cm. The 5-year survival rate of the cases a0 was much better than those a1, a2 and a3. That of the cases a3 was much worse than those not only a0 but also a1 and a2. The relation between lymph node metastasis and the 5-year survival rate was shown as follows; the 5-year survival rate of n(-) cases was extremely superior to that of n(+) cases and that of n3(+) and n4(+) cases was worse than that of n1(+) and n2(+) cases. The 5-year survival rate of the cases of stage IV was quite poor. There was found a significant difference between the curative resection group of C II and C III, and the non-curative resection group of CO and CI. The 5-year survival in the cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the well differentiated type was better than that in those of squamous cell carcinoma of the moderately and poorly differentiated types. That of the cases of adenocarcinoma was good, though the number of cases was not so many.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Survival rate of microbes after freeze-drying and long-term storage.

The survival rates of 10 species of microorganisms were investigated after freeze-drying and preserving in a vacuum at 5 degrees C. The survival rates varied with species. The survival rates immediately after freeze-drying were different among yeast, gram-positive bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria, and the change in the 10-year survival rate was species-specific. The survival rate of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was about 10% immediately after drying, and the rate did not decrease significantly during the 10-year storage period. Survival rates after the drying of gram-positive bacteria, i.e., Brevibacterium flavum, B. lactofermentum, Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum, C. gultamicum, and Streptococcus mutans, were around 80%. The survival rate of Brevibacterium and Corynebacterium did not decrease greatly during the storage period, whereas the rate of S. mutans decreased to about 20% after 10 years. Survival rates after the drying of gram-negative bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Serratia marcescens, and Alcaligenes faecalis, were around 50%. The survival rate decreased for the first 5 years and then stabilized to around 10% thereafter.

Freeze Drying↗
PubMed2000

Survival rate for liver cancer in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND: There is no nationwide population-based study of the survival rate for liver cancer in Taiwan. Consequently, the true rate of liver cancer survival is unknown. Our aim was to determine the survival rate for liver cancer patients in Taiwan. METHOD: The Taiwan Cancer Registry was searched for liver cancer cases in 1987 and 2,558 cases were found. Of these, 485 lacked an identification number, 29 lacked documentation of age, 33 were metastatic, nine lived in Kinmen and Lienkiang Hsien of Fukien Province leaving 2,002 to be studied. With the help of identification numbers, we linked our cases with the Death Registry of the Department of Health, Executive Yuan, ROC, for the 1987 to 1992 period and calculated the five-year survival rate using actuarial life tables. For analyzing factors affecting the five-year survival rate, multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model was used. RESULTS: Of the 2,002 patients, 752 were diagnosed histopathologically and 1,250 patients were diagnosed clinically. A total of 15% of patients survived for five years or longer after diagnosis. Of those diagnosed histopathologically, 17% survived for five or more years, and of those diagnosed clinically, 13% survived for five or more years. The sex, age, residential area and ethnic origin did not affect the five-year survival rate significantly. Only diagnosis type affected the five-year survival rate significantly (p < 0.05). The 660 pathologically diagnosed liver cancer patients had a better survival rate than the 1,250 patients diagnosed clinically. CONCLUSIONS: The overall five-year survival rate for liver cancer in Taiwan was 15%. The prognosis for liver cancer patients in Taiwan is still unfavorable. The aim is to persuade affected patients to accept treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Survival rates among children with severe neurologic disabilities.

BACKGROUND: This study was done to determine survival rates in subpopulations of severely neurologically disabled children who reside in pediatric skilled nursing facilities and to compare these survival rates with those in previously published studies. METHODS: Data were collected at three pediatric skilled nursing facilities over the 1986 to 1996 decade. The total study population numbered 447. We studied in detail six groups of the most severely disabled children and correlated their survival rates with clinical parameters and the presence of other significant diseases. RESULTS: The survival rates in our six groups of severely disabled children were significantly better than those previously reported. In group 1, our 8-year survival rate was 66%, as compared with 5% in the previous study. In group 2, our 8-year survival rate was 89%, versus 22% in the previous study. We obtained better survival rates in all six groups studied, irrespective of the analysis including children less than 1 year old, between 1 year and 15 years old, or more than 15 years old. The most significant determinant for reduced survival was the presence of other significant diseases. Those with other significant diseases had a 10-year survival rate of 45%, whereas those who were relatively healthy had a survival rate of 90%. Patients who received gastrostomy tube feedings had a better 10-year survival rate than those fed by nasogastric tube (78% vs 41%). This difference was independent of the presence of other significant medical diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show substantially better survival rates than those previously reported. These improved results are most likely related to much more intense medical management of severely disabled children in skilled nursing facilities than at home or in other residential settings. Our study also showed a significantly better survival rate for those fed by gastrostomy tube as compared with nasogastric tube.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Survival rates after serious immersion accidents in childhood.

A study of childhood survival rates, after loss of consciousness in fresh water, has been undertaken. Age-specific, sex-specific and site-specific survival rates for childhood fresh water immersion accidents are reported for the first time. The overall survival rate, after loss of consciousness in the water was 0.49; swimming pool and domestic bath tub serious immersion accidents have a survival rate of 0.60 compared with a rate of 0.05 for similar immersion accidents in creeks and rivers. Young male schoolboys have the lowest potential survival (0.20 or less) of any group. Survival rates were significantly higher during the winter (0.86) than during the warmer months (survival rate of 0.49). This gives a quantitative expression to the protection from cerebral anoxia afforded by body chilling which is not extreme. Survival rates have increased significantly over the 5 year period 1971--1975; it is considered that this is due to public education campaigns of the potential danger of water to children. The use of survival rates to measure factors which modify the pathophysiology of human drowning and near-drowning is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Survival rate of recurrent cervical cancer patients.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the survival rate of recurrent cervical cancer patients and factors influencing survival. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The subjects were identified from the Gynecologic Oncology Unit tumor registry record The pathological, clinical data including the follow-up information of recurrent cervical cancer patients who were treated in the Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Medical College and Vajira Hospital between 1992 and 2003 were retrospective reviewed. RESULTS: During the study period, 144 recurrent cervical cancer patients were identified. Mean age of the patients was 52 years. The median time from complete primary treatment to disease recurrence was 14.8 months. Seventy-two patients (50%) had previous stage III disease. The most common histopalogy was squamous cell carcinoma (72.9%). Approximately half of the recurrences were local (73 patients or 50.7%) and distal recurrences were encountered in 71 patients or 49.3%. Overall 109 patients received treatmentfor their recurrences, i.e. radiation alone (55 patients, 38.2%), chemotherapy (31 patients, 21.5%), chemotherapy and radiation (18 patients, 12.5%), surgery (5 patients, 3.5%), and 35 patients (24.3%) received only supportive treatment. Two-year survival rate of the group was 18.5%. Median survival was 8 months (95%CI, 7-10 months). The patients with only local recurrence had a 2-year survival rate of 22.2% compared to 14.6% in those with distant recurrence. (p = 0.245). Two-year survival rate of those who received any kind of treatment was 22.4% compared to 4.0% in those who received only supportive treatment (p = 0.014 and 0.017 in univariable and multivariable analysis respectively). CONCLUSION: Survival rate of recurrent cervical cancer was low, especially in those who received only supportive treatment.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of mechanical ventilation in newborn infants. I. Techniques and survival rates.

The short-term outcome with survival rate, causes of death and neonatal complications in a 6-year material comprising 253 infants treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in the neonatal period has been analyzed in relation to different primary disorders necessitating IPPV treatment. The total survival rate was 53%. For the different diagnoses the survival rates were: hyaline membrane disease (HMD) 41%, apnoea repetens of immaturity 85%, severe birth asphyxia 46% and septicemia 59%. The total rate of pneumothorax during IPPV was 15% but occurred more often in the HMD group (28%). Trends in survival rates over the study period are discussed as are measurements for improvements.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed2004

An alternative approach to age adjustment of cancer survival rates.

The measures of cancer prognosis most commonly reported by cancer registries are 5- or 10-year absolute or relative survival rates. Because cancer survival rates often vary by the age of cancer patients, and because the age structure of cancer patients often varies between populations, age adjustment is crucial for comparative analyses of cancer survival rates. However, traditional age adjustment often breaks down for long-term survival rates, particularly for sparse data, and it may provide inconsistent results for relative survival rates, even if age adjustment is made to the study population's own age distribution. In this manuscript, we propose an alternative approach to age adjustment of both absolute and relative survival rates to overcome both the practical and conceptual problems inherent in traditional age adjustment. We outline the computational realisation of this approach, and we give an empirical illustration of its application using data from the nationwide Finnish Cancer Registry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The survival rate and prognostic factors in 26 perforated colorectal cancer patients.

PURPOSE: The treatment for perforated colorectal cancer is not easy and the prognosis for this disease is not so predictable. There are some controversies about performing radical operations because colorectal cancer perforation was considered as an advanced stage disease due to the possibility of tumor cell dissemination through the perforation site. METHODS: We selected and enrolled 26 patients with perforated colorectal cancers among the 1,227 patients who underwent operation for colorectal cancer. These cases were retrospectively analyzed by using their medical records and clinicopathological data. RESULTS: Twenty-eight cases (2.3%) with perforated colorectal cancers were studied and the overall operative mortality rate was 11%. The overall 5-year survival rate was 57.8% when excluding the operative mortality. The overall 5-year cancer-free survival rate was 52.8%. There were significant differences in the survival rate and the cancer-free survival rate between the stages (p=0.008 and p<0.001, respectively). A univariate analysis of the prognostic factors revealed that the number of the metastatic lymph nodes (p=0.018) and the perforation proximal to the cancer (p=0.005) were significantly correlated to worse survival, and the higher number of the metastatic lymph nodes was correlated to a poorer cancer-free survival rate (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: For the perforated colorectal cancers, the stage, the perforation proximal to the cancer, and the number of the metastatic lymph nodes were correlated, with the survival and the cancer-free survival as factors of a poor prognosis. The surgical approach selected for perforated colorectal cancer should be in line with the principles of an appropriate cancer operation because the clinical pathway of perforated colorectal cancer is similar to that of uncomplicated colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Insulin or bFGF and C2 ceramide increase newborn rat retinal ganglion cell survival rate.

Treatment of RGCs with insulin or C2 ceramide alone increased survival rate by 30%. Adding both insulin and C2 ceramide increased survival rate by 80%. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) eliminated the effect of C2 ceramide, but not that of insulin. Protein kinase inhibitor K252a decreased the effect of C2 ceramide in a dose-dependent manner, but the effect of insulin was not changed. Treatment of RGCs with bFGF increased survival rate by 36%. Adding both bFGF and C2 ceramide increased survival rate by 102%. OA did not alter the effect of bFGF, whereas K252a increased survival rate in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of C2 ceramide by OA suggests that PP2A activation is involved in its pathway, whereas PP2A is not involved in the insulin- and bFGF-activated pathway. Elimination of the effect of C2 ceramide by K252a suggests that sphingomyelin cycle activation is mediated by a protein kinase not important in the insulin-activated pathway. Moreover, the increased effect of bFGF and dose-dependently decreased effect of C2 ceramide by K252a suggest that different protein kinases are important in bFGF- and ceramide-mediated enhancement of RGC survival rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Long-term survival rate after vitreous surgery for complications of diabetic retinopathy.

The survival rate after vitreous surgery for complications of diabetic retinopathy was studied in 552 consecutive patients who underwent operations between 1979 and 1984. The 5-year postoperative survival rate was 74.7%. Factors associated with a lower survival rate included older age, older age at diagnosis of diabetes, history of renal disease, and a longer duration of diabetes. Factors unrelated to survival rate included insulin treatment, sex, and anatomic and visual outcome. Improved management of systemic diabetic complications has improved survival rates, a finding reflected in the relatively high rate of long-term survival after diabetic vitrectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Spatiotemporal variation in survival rates: implications for population dynamics of yellow-bellied marmots.

Spatiotemporal variation in age-specific survival rates can profoundly influence population dynamics, but few studies of vertebrates have thoroughly investigated both spatial and temporal variability in age-specific survival rates. We used 28 years (1976-2003) of capture-mark-recapture (CMR) data from 17 locations to parameterize an age-structured Cormack-Jolly-Seber model, and investigated spatial and temporal variation in age-specific annual survival rates of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris). Survival rates varied both spatially and temporally, with survival of younger animals exhibiting the highest degree of variation. Juvenile survival rates varied from 0.52 +/- 0.05 to 0.78 +/- 0.10 among sites and from 0.15 +/- 0.14 to 0.89 +/- 0.06 over time. Adult survival rates varied from 0.62 +/- 0.09 to 0.80 +/- 0.03 among sites, but did not vary significantly over time. We used reverse-time CMR models to estimate the realized population growth rate (lamda), and to investigate the influence of the observed variation in age-specific survival rates on lamda. The realized growth rate of the population closely covaried with, and was significantly influenced by, spatiotemporal variation in juvenile survival rate. High variability in juvenile survival rates over space and time clearly influenced the dynamics of our study population and is also likely to be an important determinant of the spatiotemporal variation in the population dynamics of other mammals with similar life history characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Radical radiotherapy for bronchogenic carcinoma: five year survival rates.

A total of 443 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma were treated by radical radiotherapy. Their 5-year survival rate was 10.5%, median survival 57 weeks. Of these patients 42 (9.5%) had postoperative residual or recurrent tumour. Their 5-year survival rate was 14.3%, median 80 weeks. The corresponding figures for the 401 patients who had had no previous therapy were 10.2% and 54 weeks. The tumour was histologically confirmed in 277 patients; their 5-year survival rate was 6.9%, median 54 weeks. The corresponding figures for the 166 patients who had no positive histology were 16.9% and 61 weeks. The 5-year survival rate of 235 patients with positive histology who had no surgery was 5.5%, median 51 weeks. Age and sex had no significant influence on survival. Tumour size and regional lymph node status had a marked influence on survival. The 5-year survival rate was 27.5% for patients who had T1 tumours and 8.2% for those with T2/3 tumours (P less than 0.001), median 125 and 51.5 weeks, respectively. The lymph node status was recorded in 72% of patients. The 5-year survival rate of patients who had nodal involvement was 7.4% (median 44 weeks) and 18.6% for those who had no apparent lymph node involvement (median 71 weeks), P less than 0.001. Histological type and grade had no influence on survival; in particular the survival of patients who had small cell carcinoma was similar to those of other carcinomas. Dose had no influence on survival in this series.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Trends in survival rates of cancer in Cuba.

Reports of population-based survival rates of cancer from developing countries are infrequent. In Latin America, only the Cancer Registry of Puerto Rico has published population-based survival data. The National Cancer Registry of Cuba has achieved three survival studies with cases incident in 1976, 1982 and 1988-1989. This article deals with the global observed and relative survival rates estimated in the latter study. Survival time trends are analysed. In the period 1988-1989, 12,985 primary cancer cases were included from the most common cancer sites, with the exclusion of cancer in situ cases and 8900 cases reported by 'death certificate only' (DCO) (35.8%). The vital status of cases was checked up to 31 December 1994 using a mixed follow-up system with the exclusion of 2900 cases lost to follow-up (11.2%). DCO proportions are shown for the major sites and compared to those of 1982. Observed survival rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method using the SPSS Statistical Software. The relative rates were estimated by the Hakulinen's Computer Program Package for Cancer Survival Studies (1988) using life tables from Cuban population. Statistical comparisons of survival curves by year of diagnosis were achieved by using the Log-Rank and Pearson statistic tests. Global results are shown by year of follow-up and a comparative analysis is done in time and with internationals values. Survival rates decreased in the period 1982/1988-1989 for colon, prostate and lung cancer. Prostate cancer shows a low five years relative survival rate when compared with the USA, but its observed rate is comparable with Puerto Rico's. Figures for mouth and lung cancer were comparable with the corresponding figures of the USA and Europe. Breast and cervix cancers rates are comparable with the European mean and the blacks in USA.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

Evidence for racial disparity in cardiac transplantation survival rates.

Studies show that survival rates of cardiac transplantation are lower for African American transplant recipients than for Caucasians. Due to similarities in terms of etiology, treatment modalities and responses to these modalities, the authors examine some potential variables for survival of cardiac transplantation that have been well documented in both the renal transplantation literature and the medically managed congestive heart failure literature. The authors also discuss access to care, socioeconomic factors and immunological differences in attempting to identify relevant factors for survival of cardiac transplantation.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2006

[Development of a predicting model of survival rates for patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a predicting model of survival rates and to evaluate the weighted contributions of each key prognostic factor of the patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). METHODS: One hundred and eighteen follow-up cases with SACC were analyzed for the survival study with retrospective cohort method. Ten possible clinical and pathologic factors were selected. A multivariate analysis was performed by Cox proportional hazard model and prognostic index (PI) was calculated. According to the PI, all cases were divided into three risk subgroups respectively: lower, intermediate and higher risk subgroups. Ten-year survival rate and median survival time were calculated and the predicting models of survival rates were established. RESULTS: The significant prognostic factors influencing the survival rate were age at diagnosis, clinical presentation, TNM clinical stage, treatment, surgical margins (P < 0.05). The predicting formula was PI = 0.031X(2) + 0.665X(5) + 0.420X(6)-0.576X(7) + 0.999X(10). According to the value of PI, the prognosis of the patients was significantly different among the three subgroups (P < 0.05). In the three risk subgroups, 10-year survival rates were 83.56%, 31.45% and 11.20% respectively, the median survival time was 18 years, 7 years and 4 years respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The established predicting model of survival rates can predict the prognosis of the patients with SACC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Survival rates of children with severe neurologic disabilities: a review.

Knowledge of accurate survival rates of children with neurologic disabilities is important for third-party insurance payers planning future medical expenses. This is of particular importance to pediatric skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) that depend on financial support from governmental sources. Eyman published survival rate results from California that were extremely pessimistic and not in keeping with our clinical impressions. This led us to conduct a thorough review of our survival rates, which were much better than those reported by Eyman. Since the publication of our study, a large number of reports have appeared from many different countries, as well as further information from California using an expanded database. The survival rate data that we obtained remain consistently better than that in most recent reports. In the California results, 10-year survival rates for the most-disabled group (group 1) were reported to be 32% in 1993 and 45% in 1998, compared with 73% in our study. Eight-year survival rates for group 1 from California were reported to be 38% in 1993 and 63% in 2000, compared with our finding of 73%. The reasons for our better survival rates include the fact that all of our patients were in SNFs, where prompt medical care for acute illnesses was always provided, whereas only 3.5% of the study group was in SNFs in California. Also, the California data contained many methodologic and statistical errors, which are reviewed here.

Bias↗