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Results for “Survey Methodology”

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PubMed1996

Mental health supplement to the Ontario Health Survey: methodology.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the methodology of a province-wide, cross-sectional, epidemiologic study of psychiatric disorder among those aged 15 years and over living in household dwellings in Ontario. METHOD: Respondents for the survey were drawn from households (N = 13002) participating in a province-wide health survey. One person per household was selected, and 9953 (76.5%) participated. RESULTS: Participants and nonparticipants were similar to each other. An extensive array of data, including measures of psychiatric disorder classified using a revised version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), are available for all respondents. CONCLUSIONS: The Ontario Health Supplement is contained in a public-use data file at the Ontario Ministry of Health and is available to investigators for study. A strong survey design, careful measurement, and acceptable levels of response provide the rationale for our inviting researchers to access and use the Ontario Health Supplement data base.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictors of smoking and smokeless tobacco use in college students: a preliminary study using web-based survey methodology.

Cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use are associated with numerous health hazards and economic costs, and rates of tobacco use have recently increased among young adults. In this study, the authors compared predictors of smoking and SLT use among college students (N = 21,410) from 13 Texas universities using a Web-based survey. Results revealed that sex, belonging to a fraternity or sorority, participation in intercollegiate sports, peer influences, and ethnicity predicted smoking and SLT use. Although common factors predicted both lifetime and current smoking and SLT use, patterns of prediction differed across dependent variables. The authors discuss implications for developing tobacco prevention programs targeting specific risk factors salient to the young adult population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Economic analysis of the Confronting COPD survey: methodology.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition characterized by progressive airflow limitation, which causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Yet the burden of COPD is poorly recognized, and the disease remains an inadequately managed health problem. Few studies have attempted to quantify the impact of the disease on patient health, the healthcare system and society as a whole. This provided the rationale for Confronting COPD in North America and Europe, the first large-scale international survey of the burden of COPD. This paper describes how quantitative measures of healthcare resource utilization and workplace productivity loss were derived from patient responses to the Confronting COPD survey, to investigate the country-specific impact of COPD on the healthcare system and society. The aim of this analysis is to inform countries of the economic impact of the condition, and demonstrate the need for better COPD treatment to improve health and reduce the sizeable burden of this disease.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1994

Mock survey. Methodology for measuring compliance and facilitating change.

Every nurse executive is responsible for maintaining compliance to current externally established standards. As standards change, the nurse executive must evaluate the organization, making sure it continues to demonstrate compliance. This article describes how one organization used the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' Agenda for Change as an opportunity to examine its nursing practice. The process included: 1) analyzing compliance to the 1991 standards; 2) developing an action plan to address deficiencies; and 3) developing and conducting a mock survey to monitor and evaluate effectiveness of the action plan. Increased staff comfort with the survey process, monitoring tools, and data regarding compliance to standards were the primary outcomes of this process. Leadership development, team building, and networking were also outcomes.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Questionnaire surveys: methodological and epistemological problems for field-based ethnopharmacologists.

The classical scientific approach is empirical. One of the favoured means of gathering quantitative data in the health and social sciences, including ethnopharmacology and medical ethnobotany, is by use of questionnaires. However, while there are numerous published articles discussing the importance of questionnaire content, the fact that questionnaires themselves may be inappropriate in a number of cultural contexts, even where literacy is not a factor, is usually ignored. In this paper, the authors will address the main issues posed by the use of questionnaire surveys, using case studies based on their own personal experiences as ethnopharmacologists 'in the field'. The pros and cons of qualitative and quantitative research and the use of alternative means to elicit quantitative data will be discussed.

Australia↗
PubMed1995

Effects of the experience of depression: application of focus group and survey methodologies.

The popularity of cognitive theories of depression has not appreciably increased attention to the effects of depression on how its sufferers subsequently think about themselves and structure their lives. As a first step in a program of systematic research, we recruited recent and former depressed psychiatric patients to participate in focus group discussions of their experience of depression and how it has affected them. Statements elicited in two focus groups were classified into eight categories: lack of energy and the loss of self-efficacy, fear of recurrence, fear of taking risks, inability to trust oneself, self-presentation and concealment, concern about being a burden to others, secondary guilt about having been depressed, and reduced involvement in interpersonal relationships. These results were then used as the basis for the construction of a survey instrument, the Self-Appraisal Questionnaire (SAQ), and strong differences were found between recently recovered depressed women and a sample of women without a history of depression. Taken together, results of the focus groups and the survey study support the utility of a limited "sick role" for recovering depressed persons.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

The National Survey of Local Anaesthesia for Ocular Surgery. I. Survey methodology and current practice.

PURPOSE: To describe the current usage of the various techniques of local anaesthesia (LA) in the United Kingdom, and safety precautions taken. METHODS: An observational study of practice of LA in the whole of the United Kingdom was carried out over 3 months in late 1996. Staff in all ophthalmology theatres in the National Health Service were invited to report every LA given for the purpose of intraocular surgery during the first week, and thereafter to report adverse events only. RESULTS: Participation during the first week was calculated to be 72.8% overall. Anaesthesia techniques for intraocular surgery were: 70% LA alone, 5.8% LA with sedation and 24.2% general anaesthesia. LA techniques were: 65.6% peribulbar, 16.9% retrobulbar, 6.7% sub-Tenon's, 4.4% subconjunctival, 2.9% topical and 2.3% combinations. Of patients who were given LA, 96% were monitored, 84% had an anaesthetist available in theatres in case of a problem and intravenous access was established in 60%. CONCLUSION: Local anaesthesia is frequently used for intraocular surgery in the United Kingdom. A variety of techniques are used, and safety precautions are taken in most cases.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1990

The need for accurate nutrition survey methodology: the South Carolina experience.

Assessment of two nutrition-related risk factors, obesity and fat intake, was completed on a representative sample of South Carolina adults. Obesity estimates determined from self-reported heights and weights were less than prevalences determined from direct measurements (white males 21.4% vs. 28.2%; white females 20.8% vs. 24.5%; black males 29.2% vs. 30.1%; black females 43.6% vs. 50.6%; and total 24.9 vs. 29.8%). Nine fat-intake habits were identified from dietary mannerisms involving the consumption of red meat, fat on meat, fried fish/chicken, butter, eggs, whole milk, bacon/sausage, and cheese and the use of solid fats when cooking vegetables. The mean number of the nine habits exhibited was four. The total number of habits did not correlate well with serum cholesterol, as 27% of the individuals with none of the nine fat intake habits had blood cholesterol values greater than 6.2 mmol/L (239 mg/100 mL), while only 17% of the individuals with seven habits had the high level of cholesterol. These nine habits explained less than 10% of the variability of serum cholesterol values.

Black People↗
PubMed1991

Assessment of abuse liability of stimulant drugs in humans: a methodological survey.

Stimulant drugs have been illicitly consumed for non-medical purposes for centuries. Within the past several decades procedures for assessing the abuse liability of a compound prior to marketing have been developed, which should limit the introduction of new stimulants with high abuse liability to the public. Drugs with high abuse liability are positive reinforcers in that they maintain behavior leading to their consumption. Assessment of abuse liability has traditionally involved a comparison of the profile of effects of a known drug of abuse to that of a drug with unknown abuse liability. With respect to stimulant drugs, amphetamine and cocaine may be considered prototypic stimulants with high abuse liability. Various procedures have been used to study abuse liability including the measuring of (1) subjective effects, (2) drug 'liking', (3) estimates of value, (4) the accuracy of drug identification, (5) the ability of trained subjects to discriminate one drug from another and (6) drug self-administration. In this paper the behavioral effects of a number of stimulant drugs will be compared along these dimensions and the effects along each dimension will be related to each drugs' known abuse liability. Dissociations among the various measures will also be described, and the implications of these dissociations discussed. We conclude that the best single assessment of abuse liability is obtained from drug self-administration studies, but that the most accurate assessment of abuse liability is obtained when the effects of a drug are evaluated along as many of these dimensions as possible.

Arousal↗