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Results for “Subliminal Stimulation”

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PubMed1987

Subliminal stimulation of symbiotic fantasies as an aid in the treatment of drug abusers.

Forty-seven heroin addicts being treated at the New York VA Methadone Clinic were divided into an experimental and a control group. In addition to the regular methadone treatment program, both groups received subliminal exposures to a verbal message for 24 sessions (4 times a week for 6 weeks). The messages were MOMMY AND I ARE ONE (experimental) and PEOPLE ARE WALKING (control), administered under double-blind conditions. In keeping with the main hypothesis, the experimental subjects, when compared with controls, showed a greater decrease in their use of heroin and other illicit drugs during the postintervention period. Additionally, on a follow-up questionnaire, the experimental subjects reported being more in control of their drug habits and more effective in their work than did those in the control group. Also, analysis of the patients' reported dreams revealed that the experimental group had more dreams containing positive interactions with a significant woman or son than did the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Alcohol, subliminal stimulation, and disinhibitory processes.

An experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that an unconscious conflict between a wish to attain symbiotic oneness with another person on the one hand and personal independence on the other, should be weakened by alcohol if the main effect of intoxication is to reduce the strength of psychological inhibitions. In turn, a reduction in such conflicts should improve motor performance. Data indicated no such effects, and it was concluded that the disinhibition hypothesis as an explanation of alcohol-related behavior was not supported.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Cerebral cortical registration of subliminal visceral stimulation.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although brain registration of subliminal somatic stimulations such as masked visual stimuli and their influence on electrical and hemodynamic measures of cerebral activity have been reported previously, there have been no reports on cerebral cortical registration of subliminal visceral stimulation. Because studies evaluating the consequences of subliminal somatic stimulation have shown that subliminal stimulation can effect behavior, it is conceivable that such subliminal messages from the intestine could potentially influence intestinal sensory/motor function or effect the perception/interpretation of sensory signals originating from the gut. METHODS: We studied the cerebral cortical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response to subliminal, liminal, and supraliminal rectal distention in healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Study findings indicate that subliminal afferent signals originating from the gut are registered in the cerebral cortex without reaching the level of awareness. Locations of cortical activity caused by intestinal subliminal stimulation are similar to those of liminal and supraliminal stimulation but their intensity and volume are significantly lower (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Subliminal afferent signals originating from the gut are registered in the cerebral cortex and induce changes in measures of brain activity, such as hemodynamic changes detectable by fMRI.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of the influence of amygdalar stimulation on conditioned and unconditioned alimentary reflexes].

The paper summarizes the results of studying the effects of subliminal stimulation of the basolateral part of the amygdala nuclei complex on alimentary secretory conditioned and unconditioned reflexes (11 dogs, 150 tests of low-frequency and 95 tests of high-frequency stimulation). It has been found that stimulation of the basolateral amygdala taking part in the inhibitory system of alimentary behaviour control may exert not only inhibitory but also activating influences on the alimentary secretory reaction. The inhibitory effects are, however, much stronger than the activating ones, particularly with low-frequency stimulation. Subliminal stimulation of the basolateral amygdala affects dissimilarly inborn alimentary reactions and conditioned, acquired reactions. Conditioned secretory reactions in most cases (up to 80% of the tests) are inhibited, while unconditioned ones, are activated. It is suggested that the amygdala plays a different role in these two types of reactions.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1997

The effects of subliminal symbiotic stimulation on free-response and self-report mood.

Research has shown that subliminal presentation of MOMMY AND I ARE ONE (MIO) can help improve adaptive functioning. Two experiments tried to determine whether changes in mood, especially free-response mood, could help explain these findings. In one experiment, 20 men were randomly assigned to receive either a subliminal MIO or control stimulus. Results showed predicted effects on a free-response and no effects on a self-report mood measure. In the other experiment, 54 male subjects randomly received one of three subliminal stimuli. They evidenced the same pattern of mood results. Sentential semantics were shown to be relevant to the obtained results. Ascending threshold and 150 forced-choice discrimination trials demonstrated that subjects could not report stimulus content. It was concluded that MIO effects were attributable to unconscious processing of the entire message and that free-response mood may partly mediate these effects. Suggestions for future research were offered.

Affect↗
PubMed1979

The fear of object loss, responsiveness to subliminal stimuli, and schizophrenic psychopathology.

Thirty schizophrenic patients were seen individually for three sessions in a balanced design. In each session, following subliminal stimulation with a neutral stimulus, a baseline assessment of pathology was made. Then, in different sessions, in counterbalanced order, each patient received one of three experimental (or "critical") stimuli: a) a neutral control stimulus; b) a message--CANNIBAL EATS PERSON--intended to activate aggressive ideation; c) a message--I AM LOSING MOMMY--intended to activate fantasies of object loss. Each of these conditions was followed by an initial and later assessment of pathology, and finally by a measure of the patients' sense of differentiation from a mothering figure. In the final session other measures were also obtained, including each patient's conscious association to the critical stimuli when presented supraliminally. The major results were: a) as in previous experiments, the subliminal aggressive message intensified pathology and aggressive ideation--especially for relatively undifferentiated and relatively nondefended patients; b) subliminal stimulation of fantasies of object loss also increased pathology--especially for nondefended patients--and also increased the patients' sense of merging with the mothering object; c) the patients' response to subliminal stimuli--including presumably neutral ones--was a function of the conscious meaning(s) of such stimuli. It was concluded that: a) the threat of object loss (real or fantasied) may be one of the motivations supporting the development of pathology in schizophrenics; b) the activation of fantasies of aggressive destruction can exacerbate schizophrenic pathology--perhaps by activating fantasies of object loss; c) future research with subliminal stimulation should consider carefully the differential responsiveness of subjects to the content of particular messages.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Subliminal Fas stimulation increases the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen and bromobenzene in mice.

The hepatotoxicity of several drugs is increased by mild viral infections. During such infections, death receptor ligands are expressed at low levels, and most parenchymal cells survive. We tested the hypothesis that subliminal death receptor stimulation may aggravate the hepatotoxicity of drugs, which are transformed by cytochrome P-450 cytochrome P-450 into glutathione-depleting reactive metabolites. Twenty-four-hour-fasted mice were pretreated with a subtoxic dose of the agonistic Jo2 anti-Fas antibody (1 microg per mouse) 3 hours before acetaminophen (500 mg/kg) or 1 hour before bromobenzene (400 mg/kg) administration. Administration of Jo2 alone increased hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase nitric oxide synthase but did not modify serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glutathione (GSH), cytochrome P-450, cytosolic cytochrome c, caspase-3 activity or hepatic morphology. However, pretreating mice with Jo2 further decreased both hepatic GSH and ATP by 40% 4 hours after acetaminophen administration, and further increased serum ALT and the area of centrilobular necrosis at 24 hours. In mice pretreated with the Jo2 antibody before bromobenzene administration, hepatic GSH 4 hours after bromobenzene administration was 51% lower than in mice treated with bromobenzene alone, and serum ALT activity at 24 hours was 47-fold higher. In conclusion, administration of a subtoxic dose of an agonistic anti-Fas antibody before acetaminophen or bromobenzene increases metabolite-mediated GSH depletion and hepatotoxicity. Subliminal death receptor stimulation may be one mechanism whereby mild viral infections can increase drug-induced toxicity.

Acetaminophen↗