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PubMedDate not supplied

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to inhalation of fungi-contaminated esparto dust in a plaster worker.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis can be defined as a lung disease caused by a wide group of antigens that reach the lung by inhalation of organic and/or inorganic dust of various sources. The esparto (Stipa Tenacissima and Ligeum Spartum) is an herbaceous of the grass family used in the production of ropes, canvas, sandals, mats, baskets, and so forth. It is also used in the construction industry for the production of paper paste. Inhalation of esparto dust has been reported as cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The existence of precipitating antibodies against esparto extract has been proved. During the esparto fiber manufacturing process, esparto grass can be contaminated by moulds and thermophilic actinomycetes, which have been described as the causing antigens of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in plaster workers. We present a case of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a plaster worker. Clinical findings, precipitating antibodies, and evolution, after having removed him from his work, confirmed the diagnosis. In our case, Aspergillus species contaminating esparto are probably the antigens that caused the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Relationship between modular growth characteristics of five plant species and water and heat combination in warm-temperate and moderate-temperate steppes].

Applying comparative study on the characteristics of modular growth of five mutual species such as Stipa grandis, Leymus chinensis, Cleistogenes squorrosa, Lespedeza dahurica and Heteropappus altaicus, the grey-correlative analyses between the demographic growth analysis indexes and average temperature, precipitation and moisture had been carried out during months of the growth seasons from 1999 to 2000 in Research Stations of warm-temperate and moderate-temperate steppes of Inner Mongolia. The results demonstrated that the indexes of DRGR & DRGRa and DULA of these species were all higher in moderate-temperate steppe than warm-temperate steppe, showing the ecological characteristics of adaption themselves to the climate of shorter growth season and inadequate thermal condition, while longer duration of leaf area and modular quantity (DLAD & DMND) of these species reflected the adaption of the longer growth season and sufficient quantity of heat in warm-temperate steppe. Meanwhile, the greycorrelative degree between modular growth indexes of these species and moisture was remarkably higher in warm-temperate steppe than in moderate-temperate steppe, showing that modular growth of plant individual was more sensitive to the combination of water and heat in growth season in warm-temperate steppe, and indicating the response characteristics of plant modular growth in different thermal steppe region.

China↗
PubMed2005

[Niche characteristics of dominant populations of Sophora davidii community in loess gully region].

Based on field investigation data and employing Levin and niche proportional similarity formulae, this paper calculated the niche breadth, niche proportional similarity, and niche overlap of 13 dominant species of Sophora davidii community in loess gully region. The results showed that the niche breadth of the dominant populations of Sophora davidii community decreased in order of Sophora davidii (0.964), Artemisia giraldii (0.775), Arteniisia gmelinii (0.664), Thenmeda triandra var. japonica (0.508), Polygala tenuifolia (0.485), Setaria viridis (0.399), Cynodon dactylon (0.393), Bothriochloa ischaemum (0.327), Lespedeza davurica (0.321), Stipa bungeana (0.472), Periploca sepium (0.292), Clemnatis fruticosa (0.251), and Cleistogenes squarrosa (0.234). The niche proportional similarity between Sophora davidii and other species was 0.21-0.76, while the niche overlap was not high, which meant that there was no severe competition between them. It could be concluded that Sophora davidii was the dominant population in the community, with most resources utilization and most adaptability to the ecosystem.

China↗
PubMed2005

[Degradation process and plant diversity of alfalfa grassland in North Loess Plateau of China].

Vegetation recovery and reconstruction is the key of ecosystem restoration in the North Loess Plateau. With the Liudaogou catchment of Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province as test area, this paper studied the dynamics of the plant diversity of artificial alfalfa (Medicago sativa) grassland during its degradation process. The results showed that the degradation process of the grassland could be divided into three stages, i.e., artificial alfalfa grassland stage (1-6 yrs), transitional stage from artificial to natural grassland (6-10 yrs), and secondary natural grassland stage dominated by Stipa bungeana ( >10 yrs). In the whole degradation process from 1-to 30-yrs, 32 species belonging to 13 families and 28 genera were found, of which, 90% appeared in the initial 6-yrs. The dynamics of accumulatively appeared family, genus, and species in the vegetation succession process were well described by logarithmic function. During the process of community succession, the species richness (Gleason index and Margalef index),plant diversity (Shannon-Wiener index), and Pielou evenness index were changed with a similar tendency, i.e., increased more rapidly at the first stage, and the climax phase appeared in the second stage. The plant diversity and evenness decreased slightly, and gradually became stable later. Planting alfalfa could markedly accelerate the natural vegetation succession process in the forest-steppe ecotone of Loess Plateau, mainly due to the intensive soil water consumption of artificial grassland, which accelerated the process of soil aridification. To develop artificial grasslands in the Loess Plateau is an optimal joint between accelerating natural vegetation recovery and increasing farmers' income by stockbreeding, and is also a favorable paradigm both for the ecological and for the economic benefits in the eco-environmental construction in West China.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed2005

[Effects of different cutting system on main typical steppe populations in Inner Mongolia].

Twelve main typical steppe populations in Inner Mongolia were selected to investigate the effects of different cutting system on their aboveground standing biomass. The results showed that the test populations could be categorized into 3 groups, i.e., (1) group with decreasing biomass, which included Leynzus chinensis, Agropyron michnoi, Caragana microphylla and Carex korshinskyi, with L. chinensis and C. microphylla as the representatives. The average aboveground standing biomass of L . chinensis was decreased by 63.37%, 64.96%, 45.64% and 34.18% after 2 cuttings a year, 1 cutting a year, 1 year cutting and 1 year resting, and 2 years cutting and 1 year resting, while that of C. microphylla decreased by 81.79%, 63.33%, 40.29% and 26.30%, respectively, compared with the control; (2) group with increasing biomass, which included Koeleria cristata, Artemisia scoparia, A . frigida, and Salsola collina, and K. cristata and A . frigida were the representatives. The biomass of K. cristata was increased by 94.84%, 287.79%, 132.86% and 211.74%, while that of A. frigida was increased by 193.02%, 210.47%, 154.65% and 160.47%, respectively. The biomass increase of K. cristata and A. frigida was derived from their population changes, while that of A. scoparia and S. collina was come from the decrease of community densities and the more suitable conditions for seed germination; (3) group with fluctuated biomass, which included Stipa grandis, Achnatherum sibiricum, Artemisia commutata and Serratula centauroides, and the change patterns of their biomass were between those of the former 2 groups.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2006

[Dynamics of soluble sugar and endogenous hormone contents in several steppe grass species during their germination period in spring].

The study on the dynamics of soluble sugar and endogenous hormone contents in steppe grass species Elymus sibiricus, E. rectisetus, Leymus chinensis, L. racemosu and Stipa krylovii during their germination period in spring showed that high content GA and low content ABA played an important role for L. chinensis and L. racemosus germination, and the abundant soluble sugar storage in root made the rhizome grasses germinate earlier and grow stronger. The dynamics of ribosylzeatin was similar with that of soluble sugar in root, i.e., declined in early germination period, reached the lowest by the end of April, and ascended then, while the IAA and GA contents had a similar variation trend with the soluble sugar content in bud, i.e., all ascended gradually. There was a significant difference in the contents of GA, ABA and soluble sugar between rhizome grasses L. chinensis and L. racemosus and fibrous-root grasses E. sibiricus and E. rectisetus.

Adenosine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extraperitoneal aortic bypass with exclusion of the intact infra-renal aortic aneurysm: the in-situ management of aortic aneurysms. A preliminary report.

Transabdominal aortic aneurysmorraphy with graft replacement is the generally accepted and most widely applied surgical approach in the treatment of infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysm with a mortality rate of 2-5%. The alternative, retroperitoneal exposure of the aorta, although utilized for the first reported repair of an AAA by Dubost and championed by Rob, Stipa and Shaw, Helsby and Moosa and more recently by Williams et al., offers superior exposure and decreased post-operative morbidity. Despite these advantages, it is not commonly used by most vascular surgeons for the surgical management of aortic aneurysms. We have treated 35 patients using an extended retroperitoneal approach in which the aneurysm was treated by division of the infra-renal aorta, an end-to-end proximal anastomosis with an aortic bypass, and over-sewing of the aneurysm. In this group of patients, we found less post-operative physiological disturbances and a reduced requirement for blood transfusion. These data suggest that this method of retroperitoneal exclusion and bypass is generally applicable and is of particular value in the obese and/or the higher risk, medically disadvantaged patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Local recurrence after curative resection for colorectal cancer: frequency, risk factors and treatment.

Analysis of 498 patients with colorectal carcinoma was retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and therapy of local recurrent carcinoma following curative resection. Complete follow-up information was obtained in all but four patients (99.2%). After a median follow up of 42 months, 64 out of 469 (13.6%) patients developed local recurrence (LR). The incidence of LR was higher in rectal than in colon cancer patients (18.3% vs 8.9%) (P less than 0.005). Separate univariate and Cox analyses for rectal patients showed tumor site (P less than 0.02). Dukes stage (P less than 0.002), and adjuvant radiotherapy (P = 0.05) determined risk of LR. For colon cancer patients risk of LR was determined by histological tumor grade (P less than 0.01). Out of 64 patients, 5 (7.8%) underwent radical excision of LR. Forty percent of these survived at 5-year (P less than 0.08). Palliative treatment (radio-chemotherapy) obtained a 5-year survival of 15.3%, with no survivors in no-treatment group. These results suggest that local recurrent colorectal carcinoma remain a difficult treatment problem. More effective combinations of surgery and adjuvant therapy are therefore mandatory to reduce the incidence of local failure in high risk colorectal patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Total shunting and elective management of variceal bleeding.

A 20-year experience with treatment of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis is reported. Considering that total shunts are well tolerated immediately after operation (hospital mortality rate for all elective procedures being 6.4%), that they offer a good protection against rebleeding (rebleeding variceal rate of 7.6%), and that they offer the same long-term survival as given by other shunts (5- and 10-year survival rates of 57% and 31%, respectively), the authors affirm that these kinds of shunts are still useful in well selected cases. Late follow-up results of a prospective randomized trial of elective mesocaval shunts compared to portacaval shunt have shown no significant differences in operative mortality, rebleeding rates, encephalopathy rates, or survival. Based on this information, the authors currently use portacaval shunt as their operation of choice.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1994

Microscopic endoluminal tumorectomy.

PURPOSE: We herein report our experience with transanal endoscopic microsurgery. The new technique combines an endoscopic view and access of the rectum under gas insufflation via a stereoscopic telescope with all conventional surgical maneuvers such as tissue preparation, coagulation and control of bleeding, irrigation, suction, and, finally, suturing of the parietal defect. METHODS: The main indication of transanal endoscopic microsurgery is the removal of broad-based sessile polyps and excision of early rectal cancers. We performed local excision of pT2, G1-2 adenocarcinomas and excision of advanced rectal cancer in high-risk patients. The reported series includes 35 consecutive patients, who have been enrolled in a prospective clinical trial. Five patients were excluded for different reasons. The patients were submitted to 29 total wall excisions with or without perirectal fat and one mucosectomy. RESULTS: Postoperative histologic examination showed 9 adenomas and 21 adenocarcinomas. Morbidity included 2 (5.6 percent) perioperative and 2 (5.6 percent) late complications. There was no operative mortality and the mean postoperative hospital course was six days. All patients are in follow-up observation with a mean time of 10.3 months. In the group of adenomas and adenocarcinomas, we did not observe local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Considering our experience with the overall results reported by other authors, we believe that transanal endoscopic microsurgery is the procedure of choice for the treatment of rectal polyps and early rectal cancers provided strict patient selection criteria are met.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Outcomes for early rectal cancer managed with transanal endoscopic microsurgery: a 5-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of local and distant recurrence as well as the survival of patients with early rectal cancer treated using transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). METHODS: The study reviewed 69 patients with Tis/T1/T2 rectal cancer treated using full-thickness excision between 1991 and 1999. The pathology T-stages included 25 Tis, 23 T1, and 21 T2. The median follow-up period was 6.5 years (range 5-10.2 years). RESULTS: The overall local recurrence rate was 8.7%. The 5-year local recurrence rate was 8% for Tis, 8.6% for T1, and 9.5% for T2. All six patients with recurrence were managed surgically. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 100% for Tis, 100% for T1, and 70% for T2. The overall cancer-related mortality rate was 7.2%. CONCLUSIONS: After local excision of early rectal cancer, a substantial local recurrence rate is observed. Patients with recurrent Tis/T1 cancers who undergo a salvage operation may achieve good long-term outcome. Local treatment without adjuvant therapy for T2 rectal cancers appears inadequate.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Growth factor production after polytetrafluoroethylene and vein arterial grafting: an experimental study.

PURPOSE: Occlusion caused by myointimal hyperplasia appears to be the main reason of late failure of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) arterial bypass grafts. Evidence exists that growth factors are involved in the genesis of myointimal hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to assess the release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) by PTFE arterial grafts. METHODS: In 15 inbred Lewis rats a 1 cm long segment of PTFE was interposed at the level of the abdominal aorta. In a control of another 15 Lewis rats in a vein graft was implanted at the level of the abdominal aorta. Animals were killed four weeks after implantation and the tissue was studied in organ culture for release of PDGF AA, PDGF BB, and bFGF. RESULTS: PTFE grafts released a greater quantity of PDGF AA than did control vein grafts (28 +/- 4 ng/cm2/72 hr vs 7 +/- 2 ng/cm2/72 hr). Similarly, PTFE grafts released a greater quantity of bFGF than did arterial vein grafts (308 +/- 22 ng/cm(2)/72hr vs 204 +/- 20 ng/cm2/72 hr). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that PTFE arterial grafts released a high quantity of growth factor, which could explain, in part, the occurrence of distal anastomotic myointimal hyperplasia.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1996

Progression and regression of myointimal hyperplasia in experimental vein grafts depends on platelet-derived growth factor and basic fibroblastic growth factor production.

PURPOSE: The factors that lead to myointimal hyperplasia (MH) in arterial vein grafts (AVGs) are unknown. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) are two powerful mitogens for smooth muscle cells that have been implicated in the genesis of MH. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between progression and regression of MH and production of PDGF and bFGF in experimental vein grafts. MATERIALS: In 64 inbred Lewis rats, a 1-cm segment of inferior vena cava was inserted at the level of the abdominal aorta. The segments of inferior vena cava were obtained from syngenic rats. In 48 rats, the AVG was explanted 3 days (n = 8), 7 days (n = 8), 4 weeks (n = 24), and 12 weeks (n = 8) after surgery. In 16 rats the vein graft was explanted after being in the arterial system for 4 weeks and was reimplanted as a venous-venous bypass in syngenic Lewis rats. Reimplanted vein grafts (RVGs) were explanted 2 weeks (n = 8) and 8 weeks (n = 8) later. Grafts were analyzed by light and electron microscopy, morphometry, and histochemistry, and were put in organ culture to assess PDGF and bFGF production and mitogenic activity. RESULTS: We observed MH formation in AVGs and MH regression in RVGs (p < 0.001).PDGF and bFGF production correlated with the degree of MH (p < 0.01). Histochemistry showed PDGF and bFGF in the area of MH in AVG, which disappeared in RVG. Conditioned media from AVG had greater mitogenic activity than RVG or control veins. CONCLUSION: MH formation and regression in experimental vein grafts correlate with PDGF and bFGF production.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2000

In vitro proliferation and in vivo malignancy of cell lines simultaneously derived from a chemically-induced heterogeneous rat mammary tumor.

Identification of clones in primary tumors responsible for proliferation, invasion, and metastasis was carried out. Four different aneuploid established cell lines derived from a ductal infiltrating mammary rat tumor induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene were studied for proliferative and growth features in vitro and for tumorigenic and metastatic potential in vivo in nude mice. Clones, named RM1, RM2, RM3, and RM4, were characterized by different proliferative activity. Clone RM1 showed the highest proliferative activity by both tritiated thymidine incorporation and S-phase flow cytometry, followed by clone RM4. Conversely, clones RM2 and RM3 showed a lower proliferation rate. Growth-promoting activity, tested on 3T3 Swiss cells, was high in all clones, although RM1 showed significantly lower growth factors-releasing activity. Nude mice tumorigenesis demonstrated a strong tumor induction of line RM1 (100% of the mice after 47 +/- 7 d) and a slightly lower tumor induction of line RM4 (70% of the mice after 69 +/- 9 d). Line RM3 showed tumor induction in 40% of the mice after 186 +/- 16 d. Lines RM2 showed no tumor induction. Metastasis occurred in mice treated with line RM1 only. Therefore, tumorigenesis and metastasis correlate with proliferation but not with the release of growth factors. In conclusion, flow cytometry monitoring of clones from heterogeneous primary tumors proved to be a suitable model for the study of in vivo malignancy and in vitro proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Surgery of rectal tumors.

The results of surgical treatment of carcinoma of the rectum have been improved in the last decades, because of the availability of stapling device, the increasing use of adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment and the development of endoluminal surgery. Herein we present our thirty years experience in the treatment of rectal carcinoma. It deals with 690 patients operated on, 602 with conventional surgery (87%) and 88 with local excision (13%). As regards the first subgroup, in 63 patients (10.4%) the operation was considered palliative, because there were either hepatic metastases or residual tumor; 21% of the whole number had tumor in the upper third, 40% in the middle third and 39% in the lower third. Radical resection was performed in 538 patients (89.6%); 53% of the patients underwent anterior resection and 47% underwent abdomino-perineal resection. Ninety percent of tumors located in the lower rectum were managed with abdomino-perineal resection and 97% of tumors located in the upper rectum were managed with anterior resection. Tumor of the middle rectum were treated indifferently with anterior resection or abdomino-perineal resection. Mortality was 4%; the morbidity was 33%. No statistical difference was found between anterior resection and Miles operation. Mean follow up is 6.8 years. Local recurrence was observed in 17% of patients and was more frequent after Miles operation than after anterior resection. The 5- and 10-year survival is respectively 53% and 43%; according to staging, 5-year survival is 68% for stage I, 64% for stage II, 39% for stage III and 9% for stage IV (p < 0.0001). As regard local excision, lesions usually arised from lower or middle rectum and were less than 3 cm. in the maximum diameter. Sixty per cent of patients received adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment; we observed complete response with disappearance of the tumor in 28% of T2 patients. The toxicity was low: 3% of patients developed erithema and 21% different grades of proctitis. Mean duration of operation was 179 +/- 98 min' and hospitalization was less than 7 days in most of the patients. No mortality was recorded, while morbidity was 16% (14 patients). On pathological examination we observed 10 Tis (11%), 32 T1 (36%)28 T2 (32%) and 18 T3 (21%). Mean follow up is 3.3 years; local recurrence was related to staging and was respectively 0%, 16%, 25% and 61% (p = 0.0008). We did not observe local recurrence whenever T2 patients had neoadjuvant treatment and negative margins at i.o. pathological examination. Our findings show that anterior resection represents the most appropriate treatment for tumors of the upper and middle rectum; Miles operation should be reserved to tumors located within 5 cm. from the anal verge. Small tumors, confined to the rectal wall, can be properly treated with local excision; local treatment should be always associated to preoperative chemoradiation in tumors involving the muscular layer of the rectal wall.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed2001

[Local resection in treatment of rectal tumors].

We treated 160 patients (96 males, 64 females) with a mean age of 66 +/- 12 years. 63 patients presented adenomas (AD) and 97 adenocarcinomas (ADC). In the ADC group 32 patients received preoperative chemoradiation (RT + CT), and 15 postoperative RT. In 7 patients with RT + CT the tumor disappeared. No hospital mortality was recorded. Morbidity was observed in 13% of AD group and 18% of ADC group. Hospital stay was less than 7 days for 72% of patients. Stages were: 10 pTis, 40 pT1, 29 pT2, 18 pT3. Recurrence was observed in 7 (11%) of AD and 23/97 ADC (24%). 0 pTis, 12% pT1, 24% pT2, 61% pT3. No patient with RT + CT and negative margins had recurrence with a minimum follow-up of 2 years (11 patients). Five-year cumulative survival was 100% for pTis, 92% for pT1, 75% for pT2 and 69% for pT3.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Angiogenesis as a prognostic indicator in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis has gained wide acceptance as a reliable prognostic factor in several solid tumors. However, to date, experience in pancreatic adenocarcinoma is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens from 45 patients radically operated on at our departments from 1988 to 1997 were stained immunohistochemically with the antibodies anti-mutant p53, anti-bcl2, anti Ki67 and anti-CD31. All the slides were reviewed by the same pathologist without knowledge of the patients' outcome. RESULTS: Mutant p53, Ki67 index and vessel count were significantly related to tumoral behaviour and patients' outcome. Among patients with nodal involvement (Stage III), cumulative survival between hypovascular and hypervascular subgroups differed significantly (p = 0.03). Angiogenesis was independent from TNM in assessing the patients'prognosis at COX analysis (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, angiogenesis is a reliable indicator of tumor extension, lymph node status and survival. Its evaluation as a common procedure may contribute to a further improvement in the management of these patients and to a proper selection of those who could benefit from different follow-up protocols or adjuvant treatment.

Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal↗