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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Reassessment of some environmental conditions of Maawa el-Sayadeen squatter area.

Reassessment of some environmental conditions of Maawa El-Sayadeen squatter area was carried out during 2000. Due to unplanned urbanization, environmental sanitation has been ignored for several decades resulting in many health, social and economic problems. Maawa El-Sayadeen was chosen by West District officials for environmental and health upgrading in 1995, which depended mainly upon health education in addition to some engineering constructions. The environmental conditions and health status were reporded before 1995 and after 2000. The reassessment proved that, there was an increase in number of families use tap water inside the house by 29% compared with 1995 assessment. Moreover, number of families using water closets increased by 15%, also wastewater disposal throught public sewers increased by 34%. However, a decrease by 17% in dry areas surrounding the houses was recorded. Solid waste storage improved by 11% although solid waste collection sites decreased by 23%. It is concluded that, after Maawa El-Sayadeen area was exposed to a certain level of environmental upgrading, the environmental conditions of the area were some how better categorized, however, further training programs should be taken into account or stressed including increase of people awareness, and strong partnership should be developed with their non governmental organizations.

Egypt↗
PubMed1991

Survey of the health and nutrition status of a squatter community in Khayelitsha.

The findings of a nutrition and health survey in Site B, a squatter area in Khayelitsha close to Cape Town, are reported. Of the children under 6 years, 16.8% were found to be under weight for age, 23.5% were stunted and 2.5% wasted, indicating a serious nutritional crisis in this community. Children with a low-birth-weight had a 3 times greater risk of being under weight for age and a 2 times greater risk of being stunted than children with birth-weights greater than 2,500 g. Of the children born outside Cape Town, 21.9% were under weight for age compared with 13.5% of children born in Cape Town. Of the pre-school children, 4.2% had completed or were on antituberculosis treatment compared with 2% of the children in the age group 6-18 years and 3.2% of adults. Sixty per cent of the pre-school children with tuberculosis were under weight for age. Half the adult population was fully employed, and 22% of households had no wage earners. Assuming literacy after 4 years of schooling, 76% of the adults were literate, but only 2.5% had completed Standard 10. Women were generally better qualified than men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Health status of children living in a squatter area of Manila, Philippines, with particular emphasis on intestinal parasitoses.

In 1988 a study was performed in a squatter area of Manila, Philippines. Three substudies were carried out: (1) an analysis of the reported health situation and the available health services for the population of Smokey Mountain, (2) a vaccination coverage survey and (3) a cross-sectional stool sample survey. Respiratory infections, diarrhea, measles and malnutrition were the most frequently reported causes of ill-health and death. Not only governmental but also various non-governmental health services have been developed over the last few years. Better coordination and cooperation between the various health care providers, furtherance of community participation, improvements in the performance of the community health volunteers and stronger emphasis on preventive health care (such as health education) are suggested. The vaccination coverage cluster survey performed among children aged 1-2 years revealed that 24% of the surveyed children were fully immunized and 19% not immunized at all. The drop-out rates of children vaccinated through non-governmental organizations were significantly lower than those of the children vaccinated through a governmental agency. The cross-sectional stool sample survey performed among 238 children aged 8 months to 15 years revealed that 96% of the surveyed children were harboring intestinal parasites. Most common was Trichuris and Ascaris. The prevalence of hookworm was 10%, and those of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia 21% and 20%, respectively. Most children (84%) were affected by multiparasitism. The need to adapt the concept of Primary Health Care to the context of the urban poor and not only to provide health services but also to change social and economic conditions is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The cost effectiveness of the Philani Nutrition Day Centre in Crossroads squatter camp, Cape Town.

One hundred and seventeen children aged 0-7 years who had been treated at Philani Nutrition Day Centre were sought in Crossroads squatter camp near Cape Town after discharge; 61 were traced and complete records were obtained for 42. Twenty-seven (64,2%) of the 42 were below the third percentile (weight for age, National Center for Health Statistics standards) at the time of admission to the centre and 3 (7,1%) were still below it at discharge 1-26 (mean 7,8) months later. Six (14,3%) were below the third percentile when they were traced 1-23 months (mean 10,3 months) later. Total attendances from 1982 to 1983 were estimated at 12 300 child-days. Expenditure on the centre for this period was estimated at R29 759, of which R20 282 (68,2%) was spent on salaries, R6 340 (21,3%) on food and R3 137 (10,5%) on sundries (including R2 500 on drugs). The estimated cost per child per day's attendance was R2,42. The duration of treatment was estimated to be 80 attendances for a severe and 32 attendances for a moderate case of undernutrition, giving an estimated cost of between R194 and R73 per child for complete treatment. We conclude that this expenditure: (i) benefited most of the children who were originally below the third percentile; (ii) sustained children not actually admitted to the centre by feeding them or their siblings, probably resulting in there being more food available at home; and (iii) prevented the (costly) admission to hospital of some children.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1997

Constraints to adoption of appropriate breast feeding practices in a squatter settlement in Karachi, Pakistan.

Appropriate breast feeding practices (ABFP) are important for successful lactation. Constraints to adoption of ABFP by mothers in a squatter settlement in Karachi, Pakistan are reported. One hundred and two mother-infant pairs were followed from birth to 16 weeks of age. Eighty-seven infants received prelacteal feeds of honey as a quasi-religious ritual, 16 received ghutti for "cleansing of stomach", other prelacteal feeds were given as substitutes for breast feeding. Twenty nine mothers initiated breast feeding within 4 hours of birth. Supplemental water was given to 53 infants; major reasons being mothers' perception of thirst and diarrhoea in the infant. Supplemental milk was given to 24 infants. Insufficient milk and work load of mothers were main reasons for supplementation. Home remedies were given in 36 instances for prevention/treatment of indigestion or colds. Quasi-religious ritual of giving honey, perception that child birth was a major stress and early initiation of breast feeding adds to that stress, fear of dehydration and perception of insufficient breast milk were the major constraints to adoption of appropriate breast feeding practices.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Pneumonia perceptions and management: an ethnographic study in urban squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan.

Childhood pneumonia continues to be the second highest contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality in all ethnic groups in Pakistan. Information on community perceptions and management is largely limited to the Punjabi populace. In this study, ethno-specific illness terminologies, recognition and severity indicators and resort to treatment options for childhood pneumonia are explored among the two main ethnic groups in Sindh. Results are based on focus group discussions with 90 caretakers and 16 case history interviews. The findings indicate that pneumonia recognition is almost universal. The main recognition and severity indicator was pasli chalna (chest indrawing) followed by signs and symptoms relating to the quality of breathing and presence of high fever, lethargy and anorexia. Recognition of rapid breathing was low and mostly associated with fever. Exposure to thand (cold) through a variety of mechanisms was perceived to be the dominant causal model. The concept of contagion was virtually non-existent. Despite this, belief in efficacy of allopathic care was very high. Most caretakers reported seeking outside care within one to three days of the onset of symptoms. However, unrealistic expectations of cure often led to change in physicians and treatment regimen, if no improvement was observed by the second day. On the other hand, the quality of care provided by the physicians (both licensed and unlicensed) left much to be desired. Female autonomy and mobility did not appear to be a major constraint in seeking outside care other than for hospitalisation. Implications of these findings for the national acute respiratory infections control programme and future research are discussed

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1999

The quest of infertile women in squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES: There is a dearth of knowledge regarding Pakistani women's perceptions and treatment seeking behavior for infertility. We conducted this study to explore the contextual factors that influence the health-seeking behavior of infertile women in the lower socio-economic group. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with 17 women, identified from clinics and community using pre-tested interview guidelines covering issues as the chronological sequence of the number and types of the health care providers consulted for infertility, household dynamics regarding decision making, perceived causes and social and psychological effects of infertility on the woman and her family. RESULTS: 14 of the 17 women interviewed presented with primary infertility and three with secondary infertility. Reasons reported for seeking treatment for primary infertility were: someone to carry on the family name, feeling alone and akhrat par maan bap bun kar uthna (getting up as a parent on judgment day). Two of the three women suffering from secondary infertility were seeking treatment because they did not have any male offspring. Of the 14 women, 11 initially sought treatment within the first two years of marriage; one woman reported that she was "coerced" by her mother-in-law to seek treatment following the first week of marriage. On average, a woman went to three health care providers (general practitioners, gynecologists and Traditional Birth Attendants) in her quest for assistance. The effects that infertility had on these women ranged from social pressure, coercion by in-laws and/or social isolation. Only one woman reported being put off by sex because it was not giving her what she 'desired'. CONCLUSION: Women in Pakistan seek care for infertility early and go to various types of health care providers. Infertility is usually treated as a clinical disease by the health care providers without considering its social ramifications.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Pelvimetry--a squatter's view.

Patients were X-rayed in supine and squatting positions in order to measure any increase in pelvic outlet diameters. An increase of less than 2% was found. Previous estimates of 20-30% increases in pelvic outlet area were not duplicated.

Adult↗