Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Spermatozoa--analysis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Circulating antisperm antibodies and fertility prognosis: a prospective study.

In a prospective study performed on 235 couples with long-standing infertility (median 5 years), circulating antisperm antibodies (ASA) were determined with both a standard trayagglutination test (TAT) and a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Serum levels were correlated with results of sperm analysis (SA), postcoital testing (PCT) and in-vitro sperm--cervical mucus penetration testing (SCMPT), performed with cervical mucus and spermatozoa of patients and in parallel with material of fertile donors. A simultaneous microbial screening included Chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasmas, Herpes simplex virus, gonococci, other potentially pathogenic aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and yeasts. The pregnancy rate 12 months after determination of ASA in the serum samples was 27% (64/235). Between ASA-positive and -negative male and/or female patients (TAT as well as RIA), no significant difference was found for any of the tested variables of SA, PCT, crossed SCMPT and colonization of genital secretions with microorganisms. Patients who later achieved pregnancy and those who did not did not differ with regard to serum antibody status (TAT as well as RIA). The findings suggest that the clinical significance of circulating ASA determined with the currently available methods is low. ASA in serum samples of infertile female and/or male patients do not influence the fertility prognosis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

Gossypol inhibition of acrosin and proacrosin, and oocyte penetration by human spermatozoa.

Gossypol, a known antispermatogenic agent, was found to effectively inhibit the highly purified boar sperm proacrosin-acrosin proteinase enzyme system by irreversibly preventing the autoproteolytic conversion of proacrosin to acrosin and reversibly inhibiting acrosin activity. The agent appears to prevent the self-catalyzed by not the acrosin-catalyzed activation of proacrosin. In additional experiments, brief exposure of human semen to concentrations of gossypol, which did not visibly alter spermatozoal motility or forward progression, was found to irreversibly inhibit the conversion of proacrosin to acrosin although the activity of the nonzymogen acrosin was not decreased, and also to prevent the human spermatozoa from penetrating denuded hamster oocytes. Gossypol inhibition of proacrosin conversion to acrosin closely paralleled the decline in oocyte penetration. Racemic (+/-) gossypol was equally as effective as the enantiomer (+) gossypol. The results suggest that the inhibition of proacrosin conversion to acrosin is a mechanism by which gossypol exerts its antifertility effect at nonspermicidal concentrations and that low levels of gossypol should be tested for their contraceptive action when placed vaginally.

Acrosin↗
PubMed1989

Sperm antibodies in vasectomized men and their effects on fertilization.

Sera (vbs, n = 25) and seminal plasma (vsp, n = 21) from vasectomized men (n = 25) were analyzed for cross-reaction with lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS)-solubilized human sperm extract, protamine, and fertilization antigen (FA-1) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among the vbs tested, 44% reacted with human sperm extract, 28% reacted with protamine, and 44% reacted with FA-1 for at least one class of antibodies (IgG, IgA, or IgM). In contrast to the sera, the seminal plasma showed minimal reactions. Neither the vbs nor vsp were found to contain immune complexes, indicating that the antibodies were present in free form. Vasectomized sera that reacted with FA-1 showed a significant (p less than 0.0001) inhibition of human sperm penetration of zona-free hamster ova. The immunoabsorption of FA-1-positive sera with purified FA-1 significantly increased the penetration rates. Affinity-purified human immunoglobulins reactive with FA-1 and not those reactive with protamine reduced sperm penetration rates. Thus, antibodies in vbs reactive with FA-1 are relevant to infertility, causing an inhibition of fertilization. These data will have clinical relevance for diagnosis and treatment of infertility after successful vasovasostomy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of human sperm surface glycoproteins recognized by autoantisera from immune infertile men, women, and vasectomized men.

To identify the surface antigens of human sperm recognized by antisera from immune infertility patients and vasectomized men, we labeled sperm surface proteins with 125I- and used patient antisera for immunoprecipitation. Sera were studied from 27 infertile males, 18 infertile females, and 4 vasectomized males, each possessing anti-sperm antibodies detected by immunobead binding. Sera from different infertile males, different infertile females, and vasectomized males were remarkably similar in their surface antigen recognition. The different sera specifically immunoprecipitated the same small group of 125I-labeled surface proteins, which included polypeptides in the region 90 kDa, 40-45 kDa, and 26 kDa. Treatment with N-glycanase showed that the proteins of 90 kDa, 40-45 kDa, and 26 kDa were glycoproteins with N-linked carbohydrate. The immunoprecipitated 125I-labeled proteins and the total extract of 125I-labeled surface proteins were compared on two-dimensional (2D) gels. The results show the 90 kDa polypeptide is a major sperm surface component, whereas 40-45 kDa and 26 kDa polypeptides are minor components. The 2D gel comparison also indicates that 90 kDa, 40-45 kDa, and 26 kDa are a small subset of the total ensemble of sperm surface proteins. Clinical data suggest antibodies to these few proteins interfere with sperm function.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1983

An analysis of the direct effects of gossypol on human spermatozoa.

The direct effects of gossypol and its acetic acid adduct, on the movement and functional competence of human spermatozoa were investigated employing exposure times of 1, 5 or 15 min and concentrations of 50 microM, 500 microM and 1000 microM. These compounds markedly reduced the motility, velocity, frequency of sperm head rotation and linearity of sperm progression, the most significant effects being observed with gossypol acetic acid on populations of 'capacitated' spermatozoa. Significant direct effects of gossypol on the ability of human spermatozoa to penetrate both cervical mucus and zona-free hamster ova were also observed, which were independent of any effects on motility. These results reinforce the notion that gossypol may serve a contraceptive role in the female as a 'spermicidal' agent, and suggest that this compound may also be of scientific value as a probe for identifying and isolating functionally important components of the human spermatozoon.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Identification of sperm antigens that regulate fertility.

Polyclonal antisera were generated in rabbits against human sperm extracts. Out of many such antisera, one was selected (antiserum I) because it recognized relatively few antigens on Western blots. Antiserum I identified immunostainable material on the acrosome of human, monkey, rabbit, hamster, rat and mouse sperm. A detailed histochemical study using rat testes showed that the antigen was detectable on early spermatids and sperm, but not on less mature germ cells. Immunohistochemistry at the electron microscope level localized the antigen on the plasma membrane of rat sperm. In Western blots using human sperm extracts, the antibody recognized a major band with an apparent molecular weight (MW) of 40,000 and minor bands at 43,000 and 72,000. With extracts of monkey sperm and rat testicular cytosol, antiserum I recognized antigens of 69,000 and 23-24,000, respectively. Functionally, antiserum I produced strong agglutination of human sperm. It also prevented attachment of mouse sperm to mouse oocytes in vitro and reduced fertility when administered to female mice. These results suggest that antiserum I can be used as a possible reagent for selecting sperm antigens as components of a contraceptive vaccine.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Reversible azoospermia induced by an androgen-progestin combination regimen in Indonesian men.

The suppression of spermatogenesis by a combination of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and testosterone enanthate (TE) was studied in Indonesian men. Twenty healthy, fertile volunteers were allocated randomly to either of two treatments each consisting of four intramuscular injections at monthly intervals. Group I (n = 10 men) received 100 mg DMPA plus 100 mg TE monthly while group II (n = 10 men) received 200 mg DMPA plus 250 mg TE monthly. Sperm concentration was suppressed markedly, with all men attaining azoospermia between the third and fourth month after the start of treatment. There was no significant difference in the suppression of spermatogenesis between the two dosage regimens. The median time to reaching azoospermia was 2.5 months from the onset of injections and the median time to recovery of sperm in the ejaculate was 2.0 months after cessation of treatment. Both steroid regimens were equally effective in suppressing LH, FSH and testosterone levels. Testosterone levels returned to baseline by the fourth post-treatment month while LH and FSH demonstrated significant rebound above baseline levels from 3 to 5 months after cessation of treatment. No serious clinical side effects were observed. Weight gain and increases in libido were reported during treatment by most volunteers. A transient decrease in libido was noted in 5/20 (25%) men between 1-2 months after cessation of injections, presumably due to the prolonged effects of DMPA relative to TE. These results indicate that uniform induction of reversible azoospermia with minimal side effects can be achieved in a non-Caucasian population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Separation of X- and Y-bearing human spermatozoa with the sephadex gel-filtration method.

By means of the Sephadex gel filtration method we were able to separate a fraction rich in X-bearing human spermatozoa, in contrast with the method of Ericsson et al. (1973), which allows to obtain a fraction rich in Y-bearing sperm. The method, which is simple and not time-consuming, may allow control of sex in cases of expressed sex desire in off-spring.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of a synthetic progestine on the fine structure of the epididymal head (stereological analysis).

The alterations induced in principal cells of the epididymal head tissue of the rat by administration of a synthetic progestine (R2323, ethinyl-norgestrienone) were studied by electron microscopy. A total of 3 male, sex mature rats was applicated ethinyl-norgestrienone during a 3 months period in low dosage (60 mug) per day and was studied with 5 control animals. Stereological methods devised by Weibel (1969) and Rohr et al. (1976) were applied to light and electron micrographs. The calculated values are related to 1 cm3 of epididymal tissue, 1 cm3 of epididymal cell and 1 cm3 of epididymal cell cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus was further subdivided; the values for the Golgi compartments are therefore refered to 1 cm3 of Golgi apparatus was further subdivided; the values for the Golgi compartments are therefore refered to 1 cm3 of Golgi apparatus. In the treated animals there was, related to the unit of epididymal tissue, a significant decrease in the volume density of the interductular tissue, whereas that for the lumina was significantly higher. The volume density of the glandular epithelium remains unchanged. Refered to the unit volume of principal cell cytoplasm the rough endoplasmic reticulum shows a signficant decrease by 6.5%, whereas the smooth endoplasmic retiuclum is increased by 6.3%. The volume density of the lysosomes was calculated to be 4.3% (Control 2.5%). The stereological data of the Golgi apparatus indicate a vacuolar transformation: Increased volume of vacuoles, decreased volume fraction of saccules and vesicles. However, the volume density of the whole Golgi apparatus remains unchanged. An impaired secretory activity of the principal cells could be assumed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Improvement of semen and pregnancy rate after ligation and division of the internal spermatic vein: fact or fiction?

Male partners with left-sided varicoceles of 96 infertile couples were studied. Fifty-one patients were submitted to ligation of the testicular veins and 45 individuals were randomised as controls. During an observation period of 53 months (range 36 to 74 months) we found no statiscally significant improvement in the semen crude variables, the morphology or the progressive motility in the series of men submitted to surgery. The pregnancy rate was lower in those who had an excision of varicocelle.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Sperm-related antigens, antibodies, and circulating immune complexes in sera of recently vasectomized men.

Sera from 35 men were collected before and at timed intervals subsequent to vasectomy and examined for the presence of (a) antibody reactive with human spermatozoa, (b) sperm-related antigen, and (c) circulating immune complexes (CIC). Fewer than 10% of the men examined were ever positive for antisperm antibodies. However, sperm-related antigens were elevated in the sera of 18, 18, and 26% of the mean at 2 wk, 2 mo, and 4 mo postvasectomy, respectively. CIC were detected in the sera of some vasectomized men by three different assays. The CIC in patients' sera were precipitated with polyethylene glycol, dissociated, and the individual CIC components identified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Most, but not all, of the CIC contained antigen reactive with antisperm immunoglobulin (Ig)G and some also contained complement components C3 and/or Clq. IgA was identified in some of the CIC positive for IgG and sperm antigen and two men had IgM-containing CIC. Analysis of the CIC by sucrose gradient centrifugation revealed them to be heterogeneous in size.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1983

Reversible inhibition of sperm production and gonadotrophin secretion in men following combined oral medroxyprogesterone acetate and percutaneous testosterone treatment.

Six men requesting male contraception received a daily oral dose of 20 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in combination with 50 or 100 mg percutaneous testosterone for 1 year. From the third month the sperm concentration was less than 10(6)/ml for all the men at one time or another during treatment, and usually less than 5 X 10(6)/ml, with an average reduction of 95% with respect to pre-treatment values. The sperm count returned to previous values 3-6 months after cessation of the treatment. While FSH and LH secretion was inhibited throughout the treatment period, plasma testosterone levels were not reduced. Oestradiol levels were unaffected while dihydrotestosterone was elevated. The secretory activity of the prostate and seminal vesicles was not appreciably affected; seminal carnitine concentration was reduced during the treatment with a subsequent return to pretreatment values. No pregnancies occurred during treatment. There was no impairment of libido in the subjects, nor any incidence of gynaecomastia, or increase in average body weight. The only observed metabolic side-effect was a moderate increase in glycaemia. A synergistic action of MPA and testosterone is proposed to explain the inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The production, morphology, karyotypes and transport of spermatozoa from tertiary trisomic mice and the consequences for egg fertilization.

Tertiary trisomic males, carrying the small translocation chromosome from the T(1;13)7OH reciprocal mouse translocation as the extra chromosome, are oligospermic. Uterine and oviductal sperm counts were congruent to 10% of normal. Of the uterine spermatozoa, 77-2% were morphologically abnormal compared with 24-6% in the oviduct. Oligospermy in the tertiary trisomic males leads to delayed fertilization; 34-8% of the 109 eggs scored between 5-5--9-5 hr after mating were fertilized compared with 52-1% (n=343) at Day 2. Of the 179 morulae/blastocysts recovered at Day 4, 46-9% contained the small marker chromosome, which agrees with earlier cytological studies on secondary spermatocytes. These results indicate that euploid and aneuploid spermatozoa are formed in about equal numbers and there is no relationship between sperm morphology and karyotype.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[The effect of kallikrein on sperm motility (author's transl)].

The effect of kallikrein (240 KE/week i.m. or 600 KE/day orally) on the sperm count, sperm motility and morphology was investigated in 27 patients with pathological ejaculate findings. Kallikrein was administered over a period of 9 to 12 weeks. A significant increase in sperm motility was observed in patients with asthenospermia. No influence was noted on the ejaculate findings in patients with oligospermia. Interference between the kallikrein-kinin system and sperm motility is postulated.

Adult↗