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Results for “Soft Tissue Injuries”

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PubMed1997

The role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of acute soft tissue injuries.

OBJECTIVE: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used to hasten the return of injured athletes to competition after injury. Evidence demonstrates that while NSAIDs may speed recovery after acute soft tissue injuries, long-term healing may be compromised. This review aims to assess the effects of NSAIDs on inflammation and healing associated with acute soft tissue injury. DATA SOURCES: CINAHL (1982 to 1997), SPORT Discus (1977 to 1997), and MEDLINE (1993 to 1997) were searched using the keywords "NSAIDs," "musculoskeletal," "acute," "sprain," and ";strain." DATA SYNTHESIS: NSAIDs exhibit anti-inflammatory effects via prostaglandin inhibition, neutrophil migration suppression, and oxygen free-radical inhibition. Retardation of inflammatory processes after acute injury may limit the area of secondary tissue damage but may also retard healing. Animal models have demonstrated short-term benefits with NSAIDs after acute injury, along with long-term adverse effects on tissue structure and function. NSAIDs have exhibited few benefits in the treatment of delayed-onset muscle soreness. Clinical trials of NSAIDs in the treatment of acute soft tissue injuries have shown conflicting results and have been highly criticized. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS: Based on the research literature, the short-term benefits of NSAIDs in the treatment of acute soft tissue injuries must be weighed against the potential long-term adverse effects on tissue healing, structure, and function.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Soft tissue injuries to USA paralympians at the 1996 summer games.

OBJECTIVE: To report the soft tissue injuries sustained by the members of four disabled sports organizations (DSOs) who competed as the USA Team at the 1996 Paralympic Games. SETTING: 1996 Paralympic Games, Atlanta, Georgia. METHODS: Soft tissue (strain, sprain, tendonitis, bursitis, or contusion) injury frequencies sustained by Disabled Sports USA (DSUSA, n = 66), the United States Association for Blind Athletes (USABA, n = 53), the United States Cerebral Palsy Athletic Association (USCPAA, n = 56), and Wheelchair Sports USA (WSUSA, n = 129) athletes were compared by body region with chi-square tests (p<.05) and standardized residual assessment. RESULTS: A total of 254 soft tissue injuries (67% acute onset, 170/254) were sustained by the participant DSO members. Statistical design limitations and poor USCPAA athlete homogeneity prompted their exclusion from group comparisons (descriptive results are reported). The most common injury regions for specific DSOs were shoulder (26%), hip-thigh (14%), and ankle (12%) for DSUSA; hip-thigh (21%), cervicothoracic region (19%), and shoulder (17%) for USABA; lumbar region (14%), foot-toe (13%), and ankle (9%) for USCPAA; and shoulder (18%), arm-elbow (12%), forearm-wrist (12%), and lumbar region (9%) for USUSA. Chi-square residual analysis showed that the USABA athletes contributed more to cervicothoracic and lower leg region injury frequencies than DSUSA or WSUSA athletes. The WSUSA athletes contributed more to elbow-arm and forearm-wrist region injury frequencies than DSUSA or USABA athletes. The DSUSA athletes contributed more to ankle region injury frequencies than USABA or WSUSA athletes. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in soft tissue injury frequency among athletes of differing DSOs suggest that the competitive use of adaptive or assistive devices, in combination with sport-specific stressors and the athletes' disabilities, is related to the development of predictable soft tissue injury patterns. The decreased incidence of shoulder injury among WSUSA athletes suggests that the injury prevention advice provided by previous studies is being implemented among athletes at this competitive level. The increased incidence of ankle injuries among DSUSA athletes suggests lower extremity load imbalances (prosthetic vs. uninvolved) during running. The increased incidence of lower leg injuries among USABA athletes suggests "overuse" injury patterns typical of nondisabled runners, or inadvertent contacts (contused shins), whereas the increased incidence of cervicothoracic injuries suggests injuries related to falls, "near falls," or sudden directional changes prompted by guidance aids.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2001

Skeletal troponin-I release in orthopedic and soft tissue injuries.

The skeletal isoform of troponin-I (sTnI) is a myofibrillar protein highly specific for myoskeletal injury. We used an indirect immunoenzymometric assay method with high analytical sensitivity to measure sTnI in patients with soft-tissue injury and in orthopedic patients. We assessed 20 soft-tissue injury patients and 16 orthopedic patients for sTnI, cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin, and elastase within 24h of injury, in comparison with 17 control subjects. The mean (SD) ng/ml value for sTnI was higher in orthopedic patients (15.25 +/- 2.4) and in soft-tissue injury patients (10.41 +/- 1.8) than that in controls (2.5 +/- 0.9) P < 0.001, P < 0.05 respectively. Cardiac TnI was not detectable in any subjects (below the assay detectable limit of 0.3ng/ml). CK was significantly higher in orthopedic patients than in controls (P < 0.005) and myoglobin and elastase were not significantly changed in patients samples. The assay appeared to be suitable as a supplementary tool of reliability and relevance, for the study, identification, and diagnosis of skeletal muscle specific injuries in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Morphological changes of tissues after extensive soft tissue injury].

OBJECTIVE: To study the pathological morphological changes for diagnosing the cause of death of extensive soft tissue injury or crush syndrome. METHODS: The tissues were stained by HE and IHC. RESULTS: (1) The Mb positive rate was 60%, 75%, 95% respectively. (2) Both the HSP70 positive rate of hearts and brains were 90%. CONCLUSION: (1) The animal model of broad soft tissue injury was established. (2) Accumulated the pathological morphological data for diagnosing the cause of death of extensive soft tissue injury or crush syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Results of nerve grafting in severe soft tissue injuries.

Nerve grafting was performed in a series of patients, 81% of whom had associated severe soft tissue injuries in the area in which nerve grafting was done. Other factors that have been shown to have an adverse effect on nerve grafting results were analyzed and were not thought to be major factors influencing results. Results were worse than those of previous reports in which the initial injury was less severe. The initial soft tissue injury is very important in predicting how well a nerve graft will function. Nerve grafting is a valuable procedure even in the face of severe soft tissue injuries, since it alone can restore protective sensation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

The use of therapeutic medications for soft-tissue injuries in sports medicine.

The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat most muscle, ligament and tendon injuries should be reassessed. They have, at best, a mild effect on relieving symptoms and are potentially deleterious to tissue healing. Soft-tissue injury associated with definite inflammatory conditions such as bursitis or synovitis or involving nerve impingement does warrant short-term treatment with NSAIDs. Paracetamol has similar efficacy to NSAIDs in soft-tissue injury, is cheaper, and has a lower side-effect profile. It is the analgesic of choice for most soft-tissue injury. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors should not be used to treat soft-tissue injuries unless impingement is a major feature and non-selective NSAIDs are contraindicated (eg, coexisting gastric disorder), and the patient is not at cardiovascular risk. Corticosteroid injections for tendon injuries may achieve a mild to moderate reduction in pain for up to 6 weeks. However, they do not promote tendon healing, so should generally be used only when healing is not a critical goal. Promising new therapeutic treatments for soft-tissue injuries include topical glyceryl trinitrate, aprotinin injections, and prolotherapy.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2000

Soft tissue injuries of the face: a 10 year review.

A review of 1,173 soft tissue injuries seen and managed at the University College Hospital, Ibadan over a 10 year period was made. The age range was from 4 months to 85 years with a dominant age group range of 21-30 years. The commonest type of soft tissue injury was laceration while the commonest aetiology was road traffic accidents followed by falls. Males were generally more involved than females and the commonest complication was wound dehiscence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The pattern and management of traumatic soft tissue injuries of the lower limb.

38 cases of soft tissue injuries of the lower limb seen in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital are reviewed. The pattern of soft tissue trauma reveals that the incidence is highest in the young male population between the ages of 20-30 years. Road traffic accidents are the commonest cause of trauma and the pedestrian is the most frequent victim. The commonest site of lower limb involvement is the leg and the majority of the cases of bone exposure following trauma are due to degloving injuries. The reconstructive procedures used include split-skin grafts, cross-leg flap, local transposition flap, muscle transposition flap, dorsalis pedis island flap and free groin flap. Split-skin graft and cross-leg flap procedures accounted for the management of 75% of the cases in this series.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1999

Helical CT of cervical spine and soft tissue injuries of the neck.

Helical CT of the neck has revolutionized the diagnostic evaluation of trauma and emergency room patients. This comprehensive examination, with high resolution and fast acquisition times, allows the radiologist to make expeditious diagnoses concerning cervical spine fractures, vascular injuries, and aero-digestive tract lesions. This allows for the more rapid triaging and treatment of various injuries resulting in improved patient priate radiographic examination for each clinical scenario.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of cold gel for soft tissue injuries: a prospective randomized double-blinded trial.

BACKGROUND: The use of cold treatment to limit edema, decrease pain, and induce effective muscle relaxation in soft tissue injuries is widespread. PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of a novel cold gel with that of a placebo gel in patients with a soft tissue injury. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized double-blinded controlled study. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with sports-related soft tissue injury were randomly assigned to active cold gel (Ice Power) or placebo gel groups. The gel was applied four times daily on the skin for 14 days. Clinical assessment was made after 7, 14, and 28 days with use of visual analog scale ratings. RESULTS: Pain scores decreased from 59 to 30 during the first week, to 14 by the second, and to 7 by the end of study in the cold gel group. In the placebo group, pain scores decreased from 58 to 45, 26, and 13, respectively (significant difference). Patient satisfaction with treatment was 71 in the cold gel group and 44 in the placebo group (significant difference). Disability decreased significantly more rapidly in the cold gel group. CONCLUSIONS: Cold gel therapy provided an effective and safe treatment for sports-related soft tissue injuries.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Calcitonin gene-related peptide and other neuropeptides in the plasma of patients with soft tissue injury.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP]--a powerful vasodilator, is a 37 amino acid peptide that is find primarily in the central and peripheral nervous system. It affects the regulation of local blood flow, smooth muscle tone and glandular secretion. It is an endocrine regulator and in the lungs it also exerts a bronchoconstricting effect. CGRP has a proliferative effect on human endothelial cells. Therefore, it is important for the formation of new vessels, example, in ischemia, inflammations, and in the healing of wounds. Plasma levels of CGRP are increase in patients with chronic cardiac failure and sepsis, indicating that CGRP may be another important peptide in chronic illness. We have therefore measured the release of this peptide and another sensory peptide [Substance P (SP)]; a vasoconstrictor peptide [Endothelin (ET)]; and a perivascular peptide [Neuropeptide Y (NPY)], within 24 hours of injury, in the plasma of patients with soft tissue injury. Neuropeptides were measure by enzyme immunoassay technique. Median: (lower quartile-upper quartile) in pmol/L CGRP level was elevated in patients [50.37: (12.4-110.9)] compared to controls [13.9: (10.9-36.96)] p<0.05; Endothelin and NPY did not vary much between groups p=NS; ET: patients [8.7: (1.7-87.1), controls 8.8: (1.7-32.9)]; NPY: Patients [11.7: (10.5-14.99), controls 11: (10.3-12.8)]. SP was increase in patients [302.3: (79.9-707.3)], than controls [5.6: (3.2-36.6)] p<0.05. Furthermore, Elastase (a decisive marker for inflammation and infectious complications), was measure (ng/L), and found to be slightly higher in patients (102: 25.5-223), than controls (91.8: 45.9-127). In summary, plasma levels of sensory peptides increased significantly, in patients with soft tissue injury, in contrast to vasocostrictor peptides that remained unchanged. These sensory peptides may yet be another group of neuromodulators playing a significant role in immune, pain, inflammatory and wound healing in soft tissue injury patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Death due to superficial soft tissue injuries.

A series of deaths due to multiple superficial injuries is reported. These cases represented 5% of a consecutive homicide series in the Northern Territory of Australia. All cases were characterized by extensive superficial injuries, particularly involving soft tissue, which were present over much of the body including the face, head, arms, legs, and trunk. Upper-limb fractures were present in some cases, as were fractured ribs. The internal organs and tissues were pale, but there was either little or no organ damage. No significant volume of free blood was found in any of the body cavities. In one case, fat emboli were identified in moderate numbers in the lung and kidney. Death due to multiple superficial soft tissue injuries has not previously been characterized in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Complement activation and hematologic, hemodynamic, and respiratory reactions early after soft-tissue injury.

The effect of soft-tissue trauma was studied in dogs. Following injuries to the hind leg an aggregation of thrombocytes in blood and trapping in the lung was noted. Injury was initially followed by leukopenia and later by leukocytosis. Early hemolysis of red cells was observed. The injury was accompanied by complement activation. Its possible relation to hemolysis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased insufflation pressure is discussed.

Animals↗