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PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between pure Schistosoma haematobium infection in Upper Egypt and irrigation systems. Part II: Host characteristics. The general prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium, age and sex distribution.

The epidemiology of bilharziasis was studied in four villages in Assiut Governorate. These villages were almost similar with respect to their socioeconomic conditions, modes of living, availability and date of introduction of medical services. The first village, Gezirat El-Maabda, has a basin system of irrigation. The other three villages had shifted to the perennial system of irrigation for three years in Nazza Karrar, 26 years in El-Ghorayeb and 95 years in Garf Sarhan and were similar with respect to proximity to water courses. So the only variable of importance between the four villages was the mode of irrigation. Bilharziasis was diagnosed by detection of eggs in urine or faeces. A definitive relationship between the prevalence of S. haematobium infection and the type of irrigation system was further documented. A low prevalence was found in Gezirat El-Maabda (2.95%). In the other three villages a much higher prevalence existed (31.9%, 46.2% & 38.9% in Nazza Karar, El-Ghorayeb and Garf Sarhan respectively). The higher prevalence of S. haematobium in Nazza Karar (31.9%) only three years after introduction of perennial irrigation was a disappointing finding. It can be considered as an evidence against the elaborate measures and precautions planned and incompletely implemented before or after the establishment of Aswan High Dam. Not a single case of S. mansoni was encountered during this study. As regards the age and sex distribution of S. haematobium in the three villages irrigated perennially, a steep rise started at the age group 5-9 years reaching a peak at the age group 10-14 years. In Gezirat El-Maabda the peak was reached at later age (15-19 years). The cause of this difference was explained. Males showed a higher rate of infection than females in almost all age groups of the four village studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Herpes zoster: correlation of age, sex, distribution, neuralgia, and associated disorders.

The influence of sex and age on the distribution of lesions, incidence of postherpetic neuralgia, and related disorders in herpes zoster is reported. Results were obtained by reviewing the records of 140 outpatients with herpes zoster seen over a ten-year period. Trigeminal involvement and post-herpetic neuralgia were more common in patients over 50 years of age. The most common sites of lesions in all ages were the thoracic dermatomes, between T-1 and T-8. The distribution of lesions and the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia did not vary between the sexes. High incidences of diabetes and cataracts were found to be associated with herpes zoster infection. Clinical carcinoma of the prostate was a frequent finding in men with herpes zoster over age 50. In those patients with malignancies, there was no correlation between distribution of zoster lesions and location of malignancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Age and sex distributions of hematological malignancies in the U.K.

This paper reports on an analysis of nearly 27,000 hematological malignancies diagnosed in the U.K. in the 10-year period 1984 to 1993. The unique observations provided in this analysis are the similarity of the sex-specific curves by age for acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplasia types, polycythemia rubra vera, and myelofibrosis (or myelosclerosis). The unusual age-sex-specific distribution of essential thrombocythemia, suggesting a unique epidemiology, has never been reported before. The unusual female excess of the nodular sclerosing adolescent peak in Hodgkin's disease and its rapid fall with time is potentially of great importance. An even younger childhood peak of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is presented. Overall these data represent the most reliable available in the U.K., being population based, specially collected and will form the basis of considerable further investigations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Prevalence and sex distribution of different forms of migraine].

The aim of this study was to provide prevalence and sex-ratio of subtypes of migraine diagnosed by neurological interview according to the criteria of the International Headache Society. In all, 3000 males and 1000 females aged 40 years were randomly selected from the Danish population. They received a mailed questionnaire regarding migraine. The questionnaire response rate was 87%. People with self-reported migraine and a random sample of those reporting no migraine were invited to a headache interview, and a physical and a neurological examination. Those not reacting to the invitation were interviewed by telephone. Participation in the interview was 87%. Kappa was 0.77 validating self-reported migraine in the questionnaire against the diagnosis of the clinical interview. Lifetime prevalences of migraine without aura, migraine with aura, migraine aura without headache, and migrainous disorder were 8%, 4%, 1% and 1% in males and 16%, 7%, 3% and 2% in females. Overall lifetime prevalence of any type of migraine was 18%, 12% in males and 24% in females. This is lower than the sum of the prevalences since migraine diagnoses are not mutually exclusive. The male:female ratios of migraine without aura, migraine with aura, migraine aura without headache, and migrainous disorder were approximately 1:2.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[An estimation of the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness based on age and sex distribution of epworth sleepiness scale scores: a population based survey].

OBJECTIVES: To describe the distribution of subjective daytime sleepiness among local residents using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and estimate the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in a general Japanese adult population. METHODS: Subjects consisted of all residents aged 20 years and over from a self-governing body of approximately 10,000 people located in the Hokkaido region. Questionnaires, which included a Japanese version of the ESS, were distributed and later collected by a health promoter who visited subjects' residences between October and December 2000. Subjects of the analysis were restricted to those who answered five items or more out of a total of eight items. Means and standard deviations of the ESS global score were calculated for each age group by gender. And differences with reference to sex and age were examined by ANOVA. The prevalence of EDS in the Japanese general population was estimated from this study's results by direct age adjustment using the Japanese census figures for 2000. Factors related to EDS were also examined. RESULTS: A total of 5,327 residents responded to the survey (86.0%). Of these, 4,412 (71.2%) were entered for analysis. The average (+/- standard deviation) ESS global score were with 5.18 +/- 3.75 (males 5.25 +/- 3.89, females 5.12 +/- 3.75). Differing significantly age, regardless of sex (P<0001). From the overall prevalence of EDS of 9.2% (males 9.6%, females 8.8%), the estimated prevalence in the Japanese general population was to be 8.9% (males 9.3%, females 8.4%). EDS was found to be related to age, sleep duration under six hours and to snoring (P=0.002, P=0.008 and P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study provided baseline data for the distribution by sex and age group of subjective daytime sleepiness in a community using the ESS and was used to generate the first ever estimated prevalence of EDS in the general Japanese adult population. The finding should prove useful for clinicians and researchers interested in (1) screening for daytime sleepiness, (2) evaluating changes between pre and post-interventions, (3) comparing epidemiological findings across studies, and lastly, (4) making of health policy. Daytime sleepiness estimated by ESS differs with the sex and age, possibly related to bio-medical and socio-medical factors. Further research is need to detail this problem.

Activities of Daily Living↗