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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Evaluation of staff workload during resuscitation of trauma patients.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the medical staff workload during resuscitation of trauma patients is one of the important quality assurance activities to provide adequate medical manpower, especially for patients with life-threatening or severe injuries. Nevertheless, there is no method available to measure and calculate the amount of workload during resuscitation. We sought to develop a new framework of Workload Scoring System (WSS) to evaluate and quantify the medical staff workload during resuscitation. METHODS: From July 1996 to July 1998, the records of 11,800 trauma patients were prospectively collected from our computer-stored medical record system. The Workload Scoring System points with reference to age, different triage category on the basis of triage version of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), level category on the basis of Injury Severity Score (ISS), and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) in six body regions were calculated to survey the medical staff workload. RESULTS: The WSS points were 18.51 +/- 0.80 for triage I, 11.88 +/- 0.17 for triage II, and 6.90 +/- 0.04 for triage III trauma patients. The WSS points were 23.10 +/- 0.67 for Level I, 20.34 +/- 0.25 for Level II, 12.87 +/- 0.08 for Level III, and 6.03 +/- 0.02 for Level IV trauma patients. There were statistically significant differences among triage I, II, and III trauma patients, and among Level I, II, III, and IV trauma patients (p < 0.01). The worse the physiologic status and the greater the anatomic damage, the more medical staff workload was needed. Multiple regression with linear model may predict WSS points as an equation of -8.920 + 1.375 ISS + 1.785 RTS + 0.424 Age (r2 = 0.621), which accounts for 62.1% of the variance in WSS points. CONCLUSION: WSS provides a valuable tool to measure and quantify the medical staff workload during resuscitation as a function of -8.920 + 1.375 ISS + 1.785 RTS + 0.424 Age. The greatest benefit of this methodology is to forecast the expected medical staff workload to allocate sufficient medical manpower to provide the desired trauma care.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

[Evolutionarily-conserved gene CKAP2,located in region 13q14.3 of the human genome, is frequently rearranged in various tumors].

The human CKAP2 gene, which is involved in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, was localized via screening the GeneBridge 4 somatic cell radiation hybrid panel by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The CKAP2 gene was mapped between the WI-15460 and WI-3673 markers at the boundary between regions 13q14.3 and 13q21.1, at the distance of 14.39 cR (with 4.8 cR per cM) from the WI-5867 framework marker (lod score > 2.26). The human CKAP2 gene displayed high homology to mouse and rat expressed orthologs, A CKAP2-like sequence was found in human chromosome 14 and assumed to be a pseudogene resulting from duplication and subsequent mutations of the CKAP2 gene on chromosome 13. A possible role of the CKAP2 gene in oncogenesis associated with deletions and rearrangements of region 13q14.3-21.1 is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Free recall and recognition of semantic material--a gerontopsychologic study of a two-phase model of reproduction].

Based on a sample of N = 145 subjects, 57 to 96 years of age, the generation-recognition model of recall (12) was investigated. Using standardized word lists, a differential effect of the word frequency on free recall and recognition is shown. The assumption of separate processes in free recall is thus confirmed. The difference score from recognition and recall is shown to be age-independent and difficult to interpret as retrieval score in the framework of other performance measures.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

SVM-based detection of distant protein structural relationships using pairwise probabilistic suffix trees.

A new method based on probabilistic suffix trees (PSTs) is defined for pairwise comparison of distantly related protein sequences. The new definition is adopted in a discriminative framework for protein classification using pairwise sequence similarity scores in feature encoding. The framework uses support vector machines (SVMs) to separate structurally similar and dissimilar examples. The new discriminative system, which we call as SVM-PST, has been tested for SCOP family classification task, and compared with existing discriminative methods SVM-BLAST and SVM-Pairwise, which use BLAST similarity scores and dynamic-programming-based alignment scores, respectively. Results have shown that SVM-PST is more accurate than SVM-BLAST and competitive with SVM-Pairwise. In terms of computational efficiency, PST-based comparison is much better than dynamic-programming-based alignment. We also compared our results with the original family-based PST approach from which we were inspired. The present method provides a significantly better solution for protein classification in comparison with the family-based PST model.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Construction of a framework map in Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers.

We report on the construction of the first random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) framework map in Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia. Genomic DNA of haploid megagametophytes from 90 open-pollinated seeds originating from a single tree were amplified with 840 random decamer oligonucleotide primers by the polymerase chain reaction. Three-hundred twenty-eight RAPD markers with fragment sizes that ranged between 260 and 3080 base pairs were found segregating at 110 random decamer oligonucleotide primers. Of these 328 RAPD markers, 148 were mapped to 16 framework linkage groups and 77 were mapped as accessory markers onto the framework linkage groups, on a support interval of minimal LOD score of 3. The 16 framework maps cover a distance of 2287 cM. The estimate of genome size was 2407 cM with a 95% confidence interval of 2304-2459 cM.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Combat trauma life support training versus the original advanced trauma life support course: the impact of enhanced curriculum on final student scores.

BACKGROUND: Within a military framework, the trauma course student, a young medical officer, is trained to become a trauma team leader and the first provider of medical aid. By adding battlefield medicine-related subjects to the basic Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course, as well as exercises tailored to the distinctive demands of military medicine, we could develop a special teaching unit: Combat Trauma Life Support (CTLS). The curriculum is basically the complete unchanged ATLS course of the American College of Surgeons enriched with lectures and practicums to fill the gap between the essentially civilian emergency department character of the ATLS course and the military tasks of the medical officer. PURPOSE OF STUDY: To compare the cognitive knowledge achievements of trauma course participants in the Israel Defence Force Medical Corps and to delineate the impact of the course type on students' written test results. DESIGN: A retrospective comparison analysis of pre- and post-course written test scores of 2,614 physicians who had participated in the ATLS and CTLS courses in the Israel Defence Force School of Military Medicine between 1990 and 1993. RESULTS: The analysis indicated that students who undertook the CTLS course achieved statistically better results in written tests (87.9 +/- 8.7 vs. 79.6 +/- 11.4, R2 = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the CTLS comprehensive curriculum provides an improved training basis for the complex task of army battlefield trauma care support.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2004

Asthma severity scores for preschoolers displayed weaknesses in reliability, validity, and responsiveness.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the measurement properties of asthma severity scores for use in preschool children. METHODS: A Medline search was used to identify published asthma severity scores for use in preschool children. The measurement properties of the scores (item development, reliability, validity, responsiveness, and usability) were evaluated using a published framework. RESULTS: Ten asthma severity scores were identified, with 19 different clinical variables used as items. Interrater agreement was assessed by five scores. Only two scores--Clinical Asthma Score (CAS) and Respiratory Distress Assessment Index (RDAI)--reported good agreement based on weighted kappa-statistics (0.64-0.90). Construct validity was reported by the CAS, Clinical Asthma Evaluation Score (CAES), the Clinical Symptom Grading System (CSGS), and the Preschool Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM). Correlation coefficients between asthma severity scores and clinical measures (length of stay, drug dosing interval, O2 saturation, health professional assessment, PaO2, PaCO2) ranged from 0.47 to 0.70. Responsiveness was formally demonstrated for two scales (PRAM, CAS). CONCLUSIONS: Most asthma severity scales for use in preschool children have been informally developed. Recently developed scores (CAS, PRAM) have more rigorously evaluated their measurement properties. Research is needed to directly compare the asthma severity scores developed for use in preschool children.

Asthma↗
PubMed2025

Unveiling Potato Cultivars With Microbiome Interactive Traits for Sustainable Agricultural Production.

Root traits significantly shape rhizosphere microbiomes, yet their interaction with microbes is often overlooked in plant breeding programs. Here, we propose that selecting modern cultivars based on microbiome interactive trait (MIT), such as root biomass, exudate patterns and the rhizosphere microbiome, can enhance agricultural sustainability by interacting effectively with soil microbiomes, which in turn, promotes plant growth and resistance to stress, thereby reducing reliance on synthetic crop protectants. Through a stepwise selection process (in silico and in vitro) that started with approximately 1000 potato genotypes, we chose 51 potato cultivars based on known phenotypical properties and distinct root exudate patterns. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to evaluate their capacity to interact with the soil microbiome and to assess their MIT scores. Our findings revealed that cultivars significantly influence plant growth, metabolite profiles, and rhizosphere fungal community composition. Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between microbial community diversity and root biomass. Additionally, leaf metabolites were correlated with rhizosphere bacterial composition, supporting the plant holobiont framework. Utilising z-scores, we aggregated all data related to plant growth, metabolomes, and microbiomes, creating a classification of 51 cultivars based on a gradient of MIT scores. By examining the distribution of low, intermediate, and high MIT, we identified a group of 11 potato cultivars suitable for further studies to assess their resilience and productivity under low-input production systems. This study provides an in-depth correlation between microbiome and several plant traits across 51 cultivars, offering tools to facilitate and expedite the incorporation of microbiome traits into breeding goals to support sustainable agriculture.

Solanum tuberosum↗
PubMed2005

A propensity score approach to estimating the cost-effectiveness of medical therapies from observational data.

Health summary measures are commonly used by policy makers to help make decisions on the allocation of societal resources for competing medical treatments. The net monetary benefit is a health summary measure that overcomes the statistical limitations of a popular measure namely, the cost-effectiveness ratio. We introduce a linear model framework to estimate propensity score adjusted net monetary benefit. This method provides less biased estimates in the presence of significant differences in baseline measures and demographic characteristics between treatment groups in quasi-randomized or observational studies. Simulation studies were conducted to better understand the utility of propensity score adjusted estimates of net monetary benefits when important covariates are unobserved. The results indicated that the propensity score adjusted net monetary benefit provides a robust measure of cost-effectiveness in the presence of hidden bias. The methods are illustrated using data from SEER-Medicare for the treatment of bladder cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Sensitivity and specificity of outcome measures in patients with neck pain: detecting clinically significant improvement.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, single-cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative sensitivity of a range of outcome measures used in evaluating treatment interventions in patients with neck pain and the magnitude of change scores on the neck Bournemouth Questionnaire and the cutoff score on the Patients' Global Impression of Change scale associated with clinically significant improvement. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Traditionally, evaluation of treatment interventions using subjective outcome measures has been based on the statistical significance of the difference between group mean values. To be clinically meaningful, however, information is required from sensitive outcome measures on the proportion of patients undergoing a clinically important improvement and from this, the number needed to treat for a single patient to benefit. METHODS: Patients with nonspecific neck pain from a number of treatment centers completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, including the Bournemouth Questionnaire, before and after chiropractic treatment. After treatment, patients also completed a retrospective analysis of their overall improvement since the start of treatment (Patients' Global Impression of Change). The a priori definition of clinically significant improvement was defined as a Reliable Change Index on the Bournemouth Questionnaire of >1.96. RESULTS: The best cutoffs with a balance between the highest sensitivity and highest specificity in detecting clinical improvement were a score of 2 or less on the Patients' Global Impression of Change (11-point Numerical Rating Scale: 0 = much better, 5 = no change, and 10 = much worse) and a raw change score of three or more points on each of the seven 11-point Numerical Rating Scale subscales of the Bournemouth Questionnaire. For the total score of the Bournemouth Questionnaire, raw change scores of 13 or more points, percentage change scores of 36% or more, and individual effect sizes of 1.0 or more were all associated with clinically significant improvement. The sensitivity of the Bournemouth Questionnaire in terms of its effect size was comparable with that of pain intensity scales and the Neck Disability Index. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings will assist in the choice of outcome measures in trials on neck pain. The study also illustrates a methodologic framework for interpreting change scores in terms of clinical improvement, facilitating the process of making sense of research data in the clinical setting.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2026

PathMED: an R toolkit for single-sample molecular scoring and machine learning with omics data.

MOTIVATION: Molecular scoring is a popular approach for studying pathway-level functional alterations with omics data. Using molecular scores for tasks such as single-sample molecular characterisation, phenotype prediction or disease stratification has several advantages compared to using omics data directly. Molecular scores provide biological interpretability and are more generalisable across datasets, facilitating data integration and machine learning applications. However, numerous scoring methods are available through different software packages, and currently there is a lack of tools to easily use these scores for model training and prediction. RESULTS: We developed pathMED, an R/Bioconductor package that unifies various scoring methods in a simple framework. Furthermore, pathMED also contains a machine learning module to train and test models that use the calculated molecular scores to predict clinical outcomes. We demonstrate some of its potential applications in three use cases using public omics data. We showed the generalisability of machine learning models trained on transcriptomic scores in predicting clinical outcomes when deploying on proteomic scores. We also demonstrated the application of transcriptomics scores in predicting breast cancer treatment response and identifying pathways strongly associated to tumour biology and treatment response. Finally, we demonstrated the benefit of integrating a novel gene set dissection step into the analysis pipeline to resolve disease heterogeneity at the pathway level. AVAILABILITY: PathMED is freely available in the Bioconductor repository (https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/pathMED.html). Code to reproduce the analyses is publicly available at https://github.com/GENyO-BioInformatics/pathMED_article.

Software↗
PubMed2002

The contribution of pain, reported sleep quality, and depressive symptoms to fatigue in fibromyalgia.

The major objective of this research was to evaluate the predictors of fatigue in patients with fibromyalgia (FM), using cross-sectional and daily assessment methodologies. In the cross-sectional phase of the research involving a sample of 105 FM patients, greater depression and lower sleep quality were concurrently associated with higher fatigue. While pain was correlated with fatigue, it did not independently contribute to fatigue in the regression equation. For a subset of patients from the cross-sectional sample (n=63) who participated in a week of prospective daily assessment of their pain, sleep quality, and fatigue, multiple regression analysis of aggregated (averaged) daily scores revealed that previous day's pain and sleep quality predicted next day's fatigue. Depression from the cross-sectional phase was not related to aggregated daily fatigue scores. A path analytic framework was tested with disaggregated (removing between subjects variability) data in which pain was predicted to contribute to lower sleep quality which, in turn, was predicted to lead to greater fatigue. The results revealed that poor sleep quality fully accounted for the positive relationship between pain and fatigue, thus substantiating the mediational role of sleep quality. The findings are indicative of a dysfunctional, cyclical pattern of heightened pain and non-restful sleep underlying the experience of fatigue in FM.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1996

An analysis of a performance by the violinist D. Oistrakh: the hypothetical role of postural tonic-static and entourage movements.

In an interdisciplinary research project carried out by a violinist and a psychophysiologist which is based on a videotape of a performance by the violinist, David Oistrakh, we draw attention to certain postural attitudes and movements which appear in sequences of his rendition of the Brandenburg Concerto N. 4 by Bach and the Concerto for Violin in D Major by Mozart. These postural attitudes and movements occur with a certain regularity and are particular to each piece of music. For example, in the Brandenburg Concerto, one can observe rhythmic oscillations of the musician's whole body, with a shifting of the weight (alternanza di appoggio) from the left to the right foot. The performer's movements were compared with corresponding points of the musical score. Within this analytical framework, we hypothesize that these movements have not only a mechanical postural role but an expressive aesthetic one.

Arousal↗
PubMed2006

Risk factors for reduced locomotion in dairy cattle on nineteen farms in The Netherlands.

A 3-point locomotion scoring system was used that incorporated the position of the back of cows while standing and when walking to investigate risk factors for elevated locomotion scores of 1,450 dairy cows on 19 farms in The Netherlands. Each of the farms was visited twice in an 18-mo period from February 2003 to July 2004. At each visit, all milking and dry cows were scored for locomotion by a single observer. Two multivariable regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with elevated mean locomotion score (increased abnormality) and the percentage of cows with the highest score (score 3). Risk factors for increased locomotion score were having a hoof-trimming stall with foot-lifting apparatus compared with not having such apparatus (increase in locomotion score = 0.15), presence of a footbath at the parlor exit or other site compared with not having a footbath on the farm (increase in locomotion score = 0.17 and 0.19, respectively), not providing supplemental vitamins and minerals to lactating cows compared with supplementing animals (increase in locomotion score = 0.17) and feeding corn silage to heifers compared with not doing so (increase in locomotion score = 0.10). The results provide a framework for hypotheses for future investigations of risk factors for high locomotion scores.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Genome scanning for linkage: an overview.

Several different methods for linkage analysis are shown to arise from a single likelihood function L for the observed allele-sharing data at multiple markers in a chromosomal region. These include classical parametric lod score methods, nonparametric or "model-free" affected pedigree-member (APM) methods, and the Gaussian process method. Setting the methods in the context of the likelihood function L clarifies their underlying assumptions. A test statistic derived from L, the efficient score statistic, is introduced. It is asymptotically equivalent to the lod score, but it can be easier to compute when the penetrances and frequencies of alleles of the trait gene are not known. APM test statistics and the Gaussian lod score are shown to be special cases of efficient score statistics. This unified framework facilitates exploration of a range of models for the effects of a putative trait-predisposing gene, and it facilitates sensitivity analyses to examine the consequences of model misspecification.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Quality of care from the patients' perspective: from theoretical concept to a new measuring instrument.

INTRODUCTION: Patient views on quality of care are of paramount importance with respect to the implementation of quality assurance (QA) and improvement (QI) programmes. However, the relevance of patient satisfaction studies is often questioned because of conceptual and methodological problems. Here, it is our belief that a different strategy is necessary. OBJECTIVE: To develop a conceptual framework for measuring quality of care seen through the patients' eyes, based on the existing literature on consumer satisfaction in health care and business research. RESULTS: Patient or consumer satisfaction is regarded as a multidimensional concept, based on a relationship between experiences and expectations. However, where most health care researchers tend to concentrate on the result, patient (dis)satisfaction, a more fruitful approach is to look at the basic components of the concept: expectations (or 'needs') and experiences. A conceptual framework - based on the sequence performance, importance, impact - and quality judgements of different categories of patients derived from importance and performance scores of different health care aspects, is elaborated upon and illustrated with empirical evidence. CONCLUSIONS: The new conceptual model, with quality of care indices derived from importance and performance scores, can serve as a framework for QA and QI programmes from the patients' perspective. For selecting quality of care aspects, a category-specific approach is recommended including the use of focus group discussions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

A statistical score for assessing the quality of multiple sequence alignments.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sequence alignment is the foundation of many important applications in bioinformatics that aim at detecting functionally important regions, predicting protein structures, building phylogenetic trees etc. Although the automatic construction of a multiple sequence alignment for a set of remotely related sequences cause a very challenging and error-prone task, many downstream analyses still rely heavily on the accuracy of the alignments. RESULTS: To address the need for an objective evaluation framework, we introduce a statistical score that assesses the quality of a given multiple sequence alignment. The quality assessment is based on counting the number of significantly conserved positions in the alignment using importance sampling method in conjunction with statistical profile analysis framework. We first evaluate a novel objective function used in the alignment quality score for measuring the positional conservation. The results for the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, Ras-like proteins, peptidase M13, subtilase and beta-lactamase families demonstrate that the score can distinguish sequence patterns with different degrees of conservation. Secondly, we evaluate the quality of the alignments produced by several widely used multiple sequence alignment programs using a novel alignment quality score and a commonly used sum of pairs method. According to these results, the Mafft strategy L-INS-i outperforms the other methods, although the difference between the Probcons, TCoffee and Muscle is mostly insignificant. The novel alignment quality score provides similar results than the sum of pairs method. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the proposed statistical score is useful in assessing the quality of multiple sequence alignments.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

From Rasch scores to regression.

Rasch models provide a framework for measurement and modelling latent variables. Having measured a latent variable in a population a comparison of groups will often be of interest. For this purpose the use of observed raw scores will often be inadequate because these lack interval scale properties. This paper compares two approaches to group comparison: linear regression models using estimated person locations as outcome variables and latent regression models based on the distribution of the score.

Denmark↗