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PubMed2026

School-based sexual violence prevention: A systematic review.

PURPOSE: Sexual violence profoundly affects the health and development of children, adolescents, and young adults, representing a persistent challenge to public policy. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of school-based interventions aimed at prevention. METHODS: Eighteen randomized controlled trials published between 2012 and 2024 were retrieved from four major databases. The programs were implemented in primary, secondary, and higher education settings and targeted children, adolescents, and young adults. RESULTS: The results revealed improvements in knowledge and attitude, particularly regarding consent and awareness, whereas evidence supporting behavioral changes was less frequent and often limited. Methodological limitations, such as short follow-up periods and participant attrition, restricted the assessment of long-term outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the importance of multicomponent, participatory, and culturally sensitive approaches, along with the integration of digital tools and continuous evaluation systems, to strengthen the role of schools as safe and transformative spaces in the prevention of sexual violence. IMPLICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS: This systematic review suggests that school-based interventions hold significant potential for the prevention of sexual violence. It identifies promising strategies and reinforces the importance of culturally sensitive, sustained, evidence-based approaches to ensure learning environments that are safe, protective, and promotive of gender equity.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Reducing adolescent obesity through a school health program.

The feasibility and effectiveness of conducting a school-based multi-component behavioral weight reduction program was tested on 119 overweight junior high school students. Four schools in the metropolitan New York area were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control conditions. After participating in a school-wide health-profile screening, students in the experimental group were invited to participate in a ten-session weight reduction program that included behavior modification, nutrition education, and exercise management. Comparison of the experimental and control groups with respect to changes on weight and triceps skinfold measures indicated significant differences between the two groups. Although the long-term effectiveness of the weight reduction program cannot be determined, the present study clearly demonstrates the short-term effectiveness and feasibility of conducting such a program in a school setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Context and content: the impact of school-leaving and school-based health education on AIDS-relevant cognitions.

A survey examined health beliefs and intentions among 690 16-18 year-olds in Dundee. Respondents in the younger cohort (n = 363) were classified according to their educational situation (at school vs left) and self-reports of having received AIDS/HIV-relevant health education. Both remaining in school and receiving AIDS/HIV-relevant health education had independent beneficial effects, but the effects of leaving school also interacted with sex of respondent and with amount of relevant education received prior to leaving. Males' and females' reliance on mass media and other information sources diverged once they left school, indicating that males who leave school early are most likely to disregard useful or important information regarding AIDS. Consistent with this finding, leaving school reduced the difference between males' and females' intention to use condoms with a new partner. The beneficial impact of having previously received AIDS/HIV-relevant education on beliefs concerning the controllability of the epidemic and on feeling worried about everyday contact with a person with HIV/AIDS, was most marked among those who had left school. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for health education strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Mini-groups for school children: preventive self-help groups that teach physicians.

School Health Program mini-groups were initiated with a two-fold purpose: (1) to create an environment in which a young person is able to explore a self-identified concern in a group setting, and (2) to provide one of several school-based learning experiences for pediatric residents. Drawing on past successes, the program will now channel its efforts toward developing evaluative research methodology and expanding the mini-group experience to include trainees from other disciplines concerned with the health, learning and behavior of children.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Susceptibility to peer pressure as an explanatory variable for the differential effectiveness of an alcohol misuse prevention program in elementary schools.

A school-based alcohol misuse prevention program had differential effects on students' susceptibility to peer pressure, depending on prior experience with alcohol. These effects paralleled those on alcohol use and misuse, indicating program effects on use and misuse were mediated by reductions in the rate of increase on susceptibility to peer pressure. Experimental group students with prior unsupervised use of alcohol showed a significantly greater reduction than their controls in the rate of increase in susceptibility to peer pressure, alcohol use, and alcohol misuse. This difference was not found among students without prior unsupervised use of alcohol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Impact of the Nutrition for Life program on junior high students in New York State.

School-based nutrition education represents an important component in a national strategy for health promotion. This study evaluated the impact of a school-based nutrition teaching program, Nutrition For Life, on the nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behavior of seventh and eighth grade students from New York State. Some 1,863 students in 103 randomly selected classes completed a paper and pencil test covering nutrition attitudes, behavior, and knowledge. Modest use of the teaching program (median use = 3 hours) was associated with modest but significant differences in nutrition attitude, behavior, and knowledge scores. Interactions among teacher assignment, nutrition teaching, and Nutrition For Life use explained significant variations in nutrition test scores. Additional exposure to the program was associated with significantly higher nutrition attitude and behavior scores in schools with a higher proportion of low-income students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A profile of black and Hispanic subgroups' access to dental care: findings from the National Health Interview Survey.

This study examined which black and Hispanic minority subgroups were least likely to obtain dental care and why, based on logistic regression analyses of the 1986 National Health Interview Survey. Blacks and Hispanics were less apt to have private dental insurance coverage, to be knowledgeable about the purpose of fluoride, to have been to a dentist in the past year, and, when they did go, were more apt to have gone in response to symptoms rather than for preventive reasons, compared to whites. Logistic regression analyses for adults 18 years of age and older and for children and adolescents 2 to 17 years of age showed that the following individuals had the lowest probability of having been to a dentist in the past year: males, members of larger families, adults who were unemployed or in blue-collar jobs, those who lived in the South or nonmetropolitan areas, people who perceived their health to be fair or poor, and those with no private dental insurance. Mexican-Americans were least likely to have been to a dentist regardless of their income or education. In general, the findings confirmed the importance of dental insurance, as well as suggesting a need for more school-based dental programs and public health clinic-based dental health education and outreach efforts for targeting minority children and adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Preventable mortality in Mexico: bridging gaps in chronic disease and ageing care.

Preventable mortality remains a critical public health challenge in Mexico, with 819 672 deaths recorded in 2024. Of these, 37.21% in the general population were attributed to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and diabetes mellitus. We analyse Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía mortality data to assess disparities in cardiovascular mortality across age groups, sex and geographical regions, and to identify key gaps in Mexico's preventive care strategies. Age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) reveal persistently elevated cardiovascular mortality in northern states, including Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango and Nuevo León, and in southeastern states, including Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche and Yucatán. The burden is highly concentrated among older adults and geographically clustered in specific high-risk regions. These patterns reflect structural gaps in prevention, early detection and access to adequate care rather than unavoidable demographic change. Obesity, diabetes and hypertension form a pathophysiological triad that synergistically exacerbates cardiovascular disease through shared mechanisms and comorbidities. Despite substantial global declines in IHD mortality over the past two decades, Mexico continues to experience elevated and regionally extreme cardiovascular mortality, highlighting a failure to translate established global evidence into national practice. Drawing on evidence-based interventions implemented in comparable health systems, we propose seven scalable strategies: (1) expanding access to health services in underserved regions, (2) integrating preventive health programmes within primary care, (3) developing structured physical activity initiatives, (4) establishing a geriatric care framework, (5) promoting community-based nutrition and wellness programmes, (6) advancing gender-sensitive cardiovascular prevention across adulthood and ageing and (7) implementing school-based health education programmes. These interventions could substantially reduce cardiovascular mortality, lower healthcare costs and improve long-term population health outcomes in Mexico.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early pregnancy and academic achievement of African-American youth.

Competing demands of school and home can thrust adolescent mothers into stressful situations. Meeting the requirements to achieve academically can be a challenge, especially for students previously identified as "slow learners." These students may conclude that academic achievement is an impossibility. How can special educators and service providers help? What environmental variables affect these young mothers' learning capabilities? This study used a case study research approach to study 10 African-American adolescent mothers who were already at risk of dropping out of school programs. Successful strategies to keep these students in school include school-based clinics, teacher training, sex education, and school-community support.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Addressing the needs of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth: the origins of PROJECT 10 and school-based intervention.

This research chronicles the formation and expansion of a counseling and educational program for gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth called PROJECT 10 at Fairfax High School. A model program was tested during the academic year 1985-1986, and is now being implemented throughout the Los Angeles Unified School District and in other schools across the nation. Fifty self-identified homosexual students were interviewed in order to clarify the needs of lesbian, gay, and bisexual teenagers in relation to their school experiences. Additionally, a questionnaire study of 342 respondents from the general student population was undertaken in order to chart the beliefs and attitudinal changes of those teenagers who experienced school-based educational programs that portrayed homosexuality and bisexuality as variations on a continuum of human sexual expression and emotional attachment. Suggestions for further research are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2026

Asthma Exacerbation Risk and School Asthma Readiness.

OBJECTIVES: School-based asthma management is a key facet of child asthma care. We aimed to describe the proportion of students whose schools have child-specific components of asthma care, derive a composite metric of these components ("school asthma readiness"), and assess its association with asthma exacerbations (asthma risk) in the preceding year. METHODS: Within a nested cohort of children enrolled in a larger randomized clinical trial, we assessed the baseline proportion of children whose school had elements of necessary asthma care. We then derived a "school asthma readiness" composite and used ordinal logistic regression to model the association between number of asthma exacerbations in the preceding year and the composite, accounting for demographic, clinical, and school characteristics. RESULTS: Of 202 participants aged 5 to 13 years, most identified as Black (95%) and non-Hispanic (98%), and most participants (73%) had an emergency department visit for asthma in the year before enrollment. Most students' schools (79%) had awareness of the child's asthma diagnosis, whereas fewer had reliever medications and valved holding chambers (both 31%) and asthma care plans (7%). Asthma exacerbations in the prior year were associated with a significantly higher school asthma readiness in bivariate (odds ratio [OR], 1.44 [95% CI, 1.14-1.82]; P = .002) and multivariable analysis (OR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.02-1.7]; P = .037). CONCLUSIONS: A minority of children attended schools that were equipped to manage asthma symptoms. More past exacerbations were associated with higher school readiness, suggesting that more work is needed to support proactive asthma care in schools.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Evaluating the efficacy of short-term counseling on adolescents in a school setting.

This study evaluated the efficacy of short-term school-based counseling with forty-two high school adolescents (twenty-seven males, fifteen females) by measuring pre- and posttest scores on a self-report, self-esteem measure. While there was a significant decline in self-esteem ratings after counseling in the areas of social acceptance, job competence, and close friendship, counseled students showed a significant improvement in the consistency between their adequacy ratings and their judgments about what competencies they valued. Specific gender differences emerged, as females appeared to have benefited more from the counseling experience than did males.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1992

[A review of studies on school-based smoking prevention programs].

Research papers on school-based programs designed to prevent adolescent smoking were reviewed to determine trends in the development of smoking prevention programs as well as measures and methods of evaluation. In the USA and Europe, evaluation studies have demonstrated that the most promising smoking prevention approaches are those that focus primary attention on the psychosocial factors promoting smoking initiation. In Japan, however, most programs have shown little success. The following recommendations are made for improving the methods for evaluating program effectiveness and the future of research orientation of educational program on adolescent smoking. 1) Refinement and standardization of evaluation methods to be valid and feasible for use in studies of Japanese adolescents. 2) Improved study designs for evaluation of program effectiveness which include control groups and long term follow-up. 3) Applying smoking prevention programs which were demonstrated to be effective in the USA and Europe. 4) Development of effective cessation programs for adolescent smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Adolescent pregnancy loss. A school-based program.

A school-based program is proposed for meeting the needs of teenagers who experience a pregnancy loss or infant death. School nurses are well situated in the school setting to provide support to the bereaved teenage mother. The pregnancy is considered in the context of developmental task achievement, and the effects thereon of loss of the pregnancy or infant death. Adolescent grief reactions are discussed, with an emphasis on the tasks of grief.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1979

Occupational therapy roles and functions in the education of the school-based handicapped student.

This article presents current roles and functions of the school-based occupational therapist that were identified through data analyses of surveys conducted during 1978. The major roles emerging from data are evaluation/screening, program planning, implementing intervention programs, supervision, and consultation. Functions of occupational therapy educational management for each of the roles are specified. The findings will be used in the development of competency-based educational programs to prepare the occupational therapist with the specialized competencies needed in the provision of services within school systems.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1979

School health experience before and after completion of pediatric training.

A questionnaire regarding school health training and current school-based activities was completed by 116 of 141 young pediatricians practicing in four southwestern states. Responses indicated that few (22.4%) were exposed to school health during their residencies, although most (65.5%) are now providing some school health services. Those who had had school health training during residency are much more likely to be providing services than those who did not. Likewise, during their residencies, few received instruction in methods of health education, though many, led again by those who had appropriate residency experience, now participate in school health education programs. Residency programs should provide training in school health to improve the physician's comfort and efficiency in the roles he is presently asked to play, and to increase his involvement in this critically important area of pediatrics.

Arizona↗