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PubMed1999

Measuring physician job satisfaction in a changing workplace and a challenging environment. SGIM Career Satisfaction Study Group. Society of General Internal Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Changes in the demographic, specialty, and employment sector composition of medicine have altered physicians' jobs, limiting autonomy and reducing morale. Because physician job satisfaction has been linked to clinical variables, better measurement might help to ameliorate conditions linked to medical disaffection, possibly improving health care. OBJECTIVE: To document conceptual development, item construction, and use of content experts in designing multidimensional measures of physician job satisfaction and global satisfaction scales for assessing physicians' job perceptions across settings and specialties. DESIGN: Using previous research, physician focus groups, secondary analysis of survey data, interviews with physician informants, and a multispecialty physician expert panel, distinct job facets and statements representing those facets were developed. RESULTS: Facets from previously validated instruments included autonomy, relationships with colleagues, relationships with patients, relationships with staff, pay, resources, and status. New facets included intrinsic satisfaction, free time away from work, administrative support, and community involvement. Physician status items were reconfigured into relationships with peers, patients, staff, and community, yielding 10 hypothetical facets. Global scales and items were developed representing satisfaction with job, career, and specialty. CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive approach to assessing physician job satisfaction yielded 10 facets, some of which had not been previously identified, and generated a matching pool of items for subsequent use in field tests.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

A new measure of patient satisfaction with ocular hypotensive medications: the Treatment Satisfaction Survey for Intraocular Pressure (TSS-IOP).

PURPOSE: To validate the treatment-specific Treatment Satisfaction Survey for Intraocular Pressure (TSS-IOP). METHODS: Item content was developed by 4 heterogeneous patient focus groups (n = 32). Instrument validation involved 250 patients on ocular hypotensive medications recruited from ophthalmology practices in the Southern USA. Participants responded to demographic and test questions during a clinic visit. Standard psychometric analyses were performed on the resulting data. SAMPLE: Of the 412 patients screened, 253 consented to participate, and 250 provided complete datasets. The sample included 44% male (n = 109), 44% Black (n = 109) and 57% brown eyed (n = 142) participants, with a mean age of 64.6 years (SD 13.1) and a history of elevated IOP for an average of 8.4 yrs (SD 7.8). A majority was receiving monotherapy (60%, n = 151). RESULTS: A PC Factor analysis (w/ varimax rotation) of the 31 items yielded 5 factors (Eigenvalues > 1.0) explaining 70% of the total variance. Weaker and conceptually redundant items were removed and the remaining 15 items reanalyzed. The satisfaction factors were; Eye Irritation (EI; 4 items), Convenience of Use (CofU; 3 items), Ease of Use (EofU; 3 items), Hyperemia (HYP; 3 items), and Medication Effectiveness (EFF; 2 items). Chronbach's Alphas ranged from.80 to.86. Greater distributional skew was found for less common experiences (i.e., HYP & EI with 65% & 48.4% ceilings) than for more common experiences (i.e., EofU, CofU, EFF with 10.8%, 20.8% & 15.9% ceilings). TSS-IOP scales converged with conceptually related scales on a previously validated measure of treatment satisfaction, the TSQM (r =.36 to.77). Evidence of concurrent criterion-related validity was found. Patients' symptomatic ratings of eye irritation, hyperemia and difficulties using the medication correlated with satisfaction on these dimensions (r =.30-.56, all p <.001). Clinicians' ratings of IOP control, severity of side effects and problematic medication use correlated with patients' satisfaction scores on these dimensions (r =.13-.26, all p <.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides initial evidence that the TSS-IOP is a reliable and valid measure, assessing patients' satisfaction with ocular hypotensive medications.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Can the Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale be used to measure patient satisfaction with cataract care under topical local anesthesia and monitored sedation at a community hospital?

Patient satisfaction ratings provide a means to evaluate and monitor quality of health care. We tested the ability of the Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale (ISAS) to measure satisfaction with cataract care under topical local anesthesia and monitored sedation given by an anesthesiologist at a community hospital. Three hundred six patients were administered the ISAS along with alternate ratings of quality of care and patient satisfaction. There were no incomplete questionnaires. The ISAS demonstrated reasonable reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.68; test-retest = 0.48-0.67). The ISAS had excellent construct validity; ISAS scores were lower in patients who gave lower ratings of quality (4.98 versus 5.64), who had lower satisfaction visual analog scale scores (5.12 versus 5.65), who wanted changes in their care (4.76 versus 5.67), who had suggestions to improve care (5.08 versus 5.63), or who preferred more sedation (4.85 versus 5.66) (P < 0.0001). Our results indicate that the ISAS questionnaire is a feasible, reliable, and valid tool to measure patient satisfaction in patients undergoing cataract surgery under topical anesthesia and monitored sedation.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Unidimensionality of life satisfaction and its relation to social desirability: a confirmatory study of a short form of the Life Satisfaction Scale.

This study investigated construct validity of a short version of the Life Satisfaction in the Elderly Scale developed from an exploratory factor analysis in 1990 of the original version of Salamon and Conte's Life Satisfaction scale. First, a confirmatory factor analysis (maximum likelihood method) was conducted on 149 adult and elderly Italians to assess whether the latent variable of the Life Satisfaction Short Form scale was adequately represented by one factor. Analysis showed a good fit for the proposed unidimensional model, the items achieved good internal consistency on the scale, and no age differences arose in the score for the Life Satisfaction factor. Second, the correlations between the items measuring Life Satisfaction and the Eysenck 1985 Lie scale indicated that the items on the Life Satisfaction Short Form are largely independent of social desirability for younger and older adults.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emergency department patient satisfaction: customer service training improves patient satisfaction and ratings of physician and nurse skill.

Customer service initiatives in healthcare have become a popular way of attempting to improve patient satisfaction. This study investigates the effect of clinically focused customer service training on patient satisfaction in the setting of a 62,000-visit emergency department and level I trauma center. Analysis of patient complaints, patient compliments, and a statistically verified patient-satisfaction survey indicate that (1) all 14 key quality characteristics identified in the survey increased dramatically in the study period; (2) patient complaints decreased by over 70 percent from 2.6 per 1,000 emergency department (ED) visits to 0.6 per 1,000 ED visits following customer service training; and (3) patient compliments increased more than 100 percent from 1.1 per 1,000 ED visits to 2.3 per 1,000 ED visits. The most dramatic improvement in the patient satisfaction survey came in ratings of skill of the emergency physician, likelihood of returning, skill of the emergency department nurse, and overall satisfaction. These results show that clinically focused customer service training improves patient satisfaction and ratings of physician and nurse skill. They also suggest that such training may offer a substantial competitive market advantage, as well as improve the patients' perception of quality and outcome.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2004

Religiosity in a hemodialysis population and its relationship to satisfaction with medical care, satisfaction with life, and adherence.

BACKGROUND: The religious beliefs and spirituality of patients on hemodialysis (HD) therapy have not been studied extensively. Studies of the dialysis population seem to indicate that religion may be associated with increased patient satisfaction with life and increased levels of social support. METHODS: Using multiple religiosity scales and scales to assess patient satisfaction with life and social support, we studied the relationship between religiosity and medical and/or social factors and adherence to treatment in 74 HD patients. RESULTS: High scores on the Intrinsic Religiosity Scale were associated strongly with high scores on the Satisfaction With Life Scale, whereas age and high Organizational Religious Activity Scale scores were associated strongly with high scores on the Satisfaction With Medical Care Scale. Older age was associated strongly with increased adherence. No relationship existed between religiosity and adherence in our population. CONCLUSION: Religious beliefs are related strongly to measures of satisfaction with life, whereas religious behaviors are related to satisfaction with medical care. Age is the single most important demographic factor associated with adherence. Because of the complex nature of religiosity, additional investigation is in order.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Typical combinations of personal satisfaction and their relation to symptoms, diagnosis and indications for therapy. II: Relation of personal satisfaction, symptoms and indications for psychotherapy].

In our sample of psychotherapy outpatients (n = 562) age, gender and education do not influence satisfaction measured by questionnaire. Patients with low satisfaction showed more depressive symptoms, conflict reactions, psychotic/borderline symptoms and come into therapy more often. Patients with higher satisfaction showed to be more hysteric and had more psychosomatic symptoms. Indication for therapy depends more on (dis)satisfaction than on diagnosis. Dissatisfaction with a certain area affects indication for therapy less than statistically evaluated types of answers. Those types (satisfaction or dissatisfaction with all areas) are interpreted as a sign of psychological dedifferentiation. Satisfaction is a subjective phenomenon and does not depend on objective facts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Organizational factors, nurses' job satisfaction, and patient satisfaction with nursing care.

For this research study, the authors explored differences and relationships among the job satisfaction of registered nurses, patient satisfaction with nursing care, nursing care delivery models, organizational structure, and organizational culture. There were no differences in nurses job satisfaction or patient satisfaction with nursing care in different organizational structures or where different nursing care delivery models were used. A supportive environment was most important to the job satisfaction of nurses.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Cross-cultural differences in the conceptualisation of patients' satisfaction with psychiatric services--content validity of the English version of the Verona Service Satisfaction Scale.

BACKGROUND: The VSSS is a multi-dimensional questionnaire developed to address methodological concerns about measurement of satisfaction with services on the part of psychiatric patients. The acceptability, sensitivity, content validity and test-retest reliability of the original version of the VSSS, in Italian, have already been demonstrated [1, 2]. The internal consistency [3] and test-retest reliability [4] of the English translation have been shown to be within acceptable ranges. The content validity of the original 82-item and the 54-item English version has not yet been assessed. AIMS: The aims of this study were to assess the content validity of the English translation of the VSSS and to compare it with that of the original version in Italian. METHOD: We used data collected as part of the first wave (T1) of the PRiSM Psychosis Study [5] and repeated the methods used to assess the content validity of the original Italian version of the VSSS [1, 2]. Content elements derived from answers to four open questions were rated independently by CH and HH in terms of their equivalence to VSSS items or dimensions. RESULTS: were compared to those from the content validity study of the Italian version. Results Inter-rater agreement was very high. The largest proportion of the content elements of the answers were rated as equivalent or related to a questionnaire item or a dimension of the VSSS. The dimension 'Professionals' Skills and Behaviour' appears the most significant contributor to satisfaction, as it was most often related to content elements in answers to all four key questions (39.1 %). The second most frequently mentioned dimension was that of 'Types of Intervention' for three out of four open questions, while 'Access' was second most frequent for the fourth. Of the content elements, 17.2 % did not include items or dimensions covered by the VSSS; the three most frequently mentioned were other patients, food and security. CONCLUSIONS: The 82-item English version of the VSSS captures sharply most contents relevant to patients' satisfaction. Consideration of contributors to satisfaction so far neglected may refine the conceptualisation of satisfaction.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed2002

Is patient satisfaction a unidimensional construct? Factor analysis of the Munich Patient Satisfaction Scale (MPSS-24).

Although patients' satisfaction with treatment has gained much attention, conceptual and methodological issues are not sufficiently investigated. Consequently, well-validated satisfaction scales are rare. In order to respond to methodological requirements being associated with the measurement of patient satisfaction, the Munich Patient Satisfaction Scale (MPSS-24) was developed for psychiatric in-patients. The scale was validated on the basis of three independent samples (n=85, n= 161, n=91), and the effects of moderating variables were controlled. In several steps of item selection the initial pool of 133 items was reduced to 24 items, which were subjected to factor analysis. The MPSS-24 demonstrates one major principal component with two minor factors which indicates that doctor-patient communication is the essential source for patient satisfaction. The instrument is of high internal consistency and reliability, and convergent validity is satisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Multifaceted Lifestyle Satisfaction Scale (MLSS): psychometric properties of an interview schedule for assessing personal satisfaction of adults with limited intelligence.

The purpose of this research was to assess the psychometric properties of the Multifaceted Lifestyle Satisfaction Scale (MLSS), an interview structured primarily for individuals with mental retardation to assess their professed satisfaction with their living arrangements and communities, their personal relationships, their recreation and leisure, their employment, and their degree of self-direction. Reliabilities, assessed as internal consistency coefficients, test-retest correlations, and interrater agreements were above .60 on cross-validation samples. Validity was supported through correlations with caretaker predictions of respondents' satisfactions, but not by the Quality of Life Questionnaire, an objective instrument to index quality of life in four dimensions: lifestyle satisfaction, production, independence, and integration. Regression analyses indicated moderate theory-based correlations between MLSS subscales and other variables. In sum, the MLSS appears to be a reliable and valid scale to measure personal satisfaction through the responses of consumers in areas of living arrangement, friendships, recreation, employment, and self-direction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The treatment satisfaction scale: a multidimensional instrument for the assessment of treatment satisfaction for erectile dysfunction patients and their partners.

BACKGROUND: The development of the Treatment Satisfaction Scale (TSS) was previously reported (Kubin et al., 2004). OBJECTIVE: This article describes the psychometric validation process and psychometric properties (e.g., reliability, validity, and responsiveness) of TSS. METHODS: Initial patient and partner questionnaires were administered in a multi-national clinical trial. On the basis of exploratory analyses, iterative psychometric testing, and consideration of face validity and interpretability, the number of items was reduced, and six scales were constructed: "Satisfaction with Medication," "Ease with Erection," "Satisfaction with Erectile Function," "Pleasure from Sexual Activity," "Satisfaction with Orgasm," and either "Sexual Confidence" (for patients) or "Confidence in Completion" (for partners). RESULTS: Multi-item scales had good internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity with the IIEF. All patient scales and most partner scales were valid in relation to clinical criteria, and all tested scales were responsive to change over time. CONCLUSION: The TSS is brief, culturally valid, and the most comprehensive multidimensional measure of satisfaction with ED treatment for patients and their partners, and addresses some of the shortcomings of existing measures.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Development and validation of the Pain Treatment Satisfaction Scale (PTSS): a patient satisfaction questionnaire for use in patients with chronic or acute pain.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a measure of patient satisfaction for patients receiving treatment for either acute or chronic pain: the Pain Treatment Satisfaction Scale (PTSS). Development of the initial questionnaire included a comprehensive literature review and interviews with patients, physicians and nurses in the United States, Italy and France. After initial items were created, psychometric validation was run on responses from 111 acute pain and 89 chronic pain patients in the United States. Analyses included principal components factor analysis tests of reliability, clinical validity and confounding. The hypothesized structure of the questionnaire was supported by statistical analyses, and seven overlapping or inconsistent items were removed. The multi-item domains of the final PTSS included 39 items grouped in five dimensions: information (5 items); medical care (8 items); impact of current pain medication (8 items); satisfaction with pain medication which included the two subscales medication characteristics (3 items) and efficacy (3 items); and side effects (12 items). Internal consistency reliability coefficients were good (ranging from 0.83 to 0.92). The test-retest reliability coefficients (ranging from 0.67 to 0.81) were good for all dimensions except medication characteristics (0.55). All dimensions except medical care discriminated well according to pain severity. The satisfaction with efficacy dimension, hypothesized to change in the acute pain population, indicated good preliminary responsiveness properties (effect size 0.37; P<0.001). The PTSS is a valid, comprehensive instrument to assess satisfaction with treatment of pain based on independent modules that have demonstrated satisfactory psychometric performance.

Female↗
PubMed1993

The development and use of the Verona Expectations for Care Scale (VECS) and the Verona Service Satisfaction Scale (VSSS) for measuring expectations and satisfaction with community-based psychiatric services in patients, relatives and professionals.

In this paper the global design of a research project aiming at measuring expectations and satisfaction of patients, relatives, and professionals with community-based psychiatric services (CPS) in a multidimensional, sensitive, valid and reliable way is described. Some psychometric properties of two newly developed instruments, partly adapted from the Service Satisfaction Scale (SSS), the Verona Expectations for Care Scale (VECS) and the Verona Service Satisfaction Scale (VSSS), are discussed. Three groups were selected for inclusion in the study: all patients living with their families who had more than 18 contacts in the last three years, according to the South-Verona Psychiatric Case Register; the relative who had been mainly caring for the patient; and all professionals working in the South-Verona CPS for at least one year. Data on 75 patients and 76 relatives are presented and show that VECS and VSSS have good content validity and test-retest reliability in both groups. Notwithstanding some differences, patients and relatives expressed similar expectations and were mostly satisfied. The current study is the first to provide a parallel measurement of expectations and satisfaction in all three above-mentioned groups; moreover, it is the first to investigate consumers' satisfaction with a CPS organized according to the principles of the Italian Psychiatric Reform.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The Indiana Job Satisfaction Scale: job satisfaction in vocational rehabilitation for people with severe mental illness.

The Indiana Job Satisfaction Scale (IJSS) is a brief job satisfaction questionnaire designed for use with individuals with a severe mental illness. This study seeks to validate the IJSS, as well as to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and job tenure in a group of 71 workers in supported employment. Job satisfaction measured during the first 3 months of a job was significantly associated with job tenure; however, this relationship weakened over time. Overall, the findings support the utility of job satisfaction as a tool in vocational rehabilitation, as well as the validity of the IJSS with this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Measuring patient satisfaction with nursing care: experience of using the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale.

Patient satisfaction with care has frequently been used as a measurement of quality, especially in attempts to demonstrate the benefits of changes in nursing practice. Unfortunately such attempts have frequently failed as patient satisfaction ratings have lacked sensitivity, consistently achieving very high scores. They have also failed to isolate the nursing component from the whole health care experience. The Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale (NSNS) has been developed after extensive research work as an attempt to establish reliable and valid measures of patients' experiences of and satisfaction with nursing care. This study evaluated the use of the NSNS in practice and found that it was readily understood by patients and easily administered by clinical staff. However, several lessons were learnt which could help its administration. The results demonstrated a very high degree of satisfaction with nursing care which left the discriminatory ability of the scale open to question, although its potential benefits in standard setting were demonstrated. Further evaluative studies are needed if the potential benefits of the NSNS are to be fully realised.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Patient satisfaction with HIV service provision in NPMS hospitals: the development of a standard satisfaction questionnaire. NPMS Steering Group.

A self-completion satisfaction questionnaire evaluating the standard of care of HIV outpatient services was developed as part of the National Prospective Monitoring System on the Use, Cost and Outcome of HIV Service Provision in English Hospitals (NPMS). The questionnaire was designed in conjunction with service users and health care professionals, and piloted in three London and three non-London HIV clinics. In addition to testing alternative methods of administering the questionnaire, the pilot provided satisfaction scores on a variety of aspects of service provision for participating clinics. The questionnaire was completed by 548 respondents and was most effectively collected using a sealed box in the clinic waiting area. Mean satisfaction scores for the attitude and skills of staff members was 4.7 (95% CI 4.6-4.7) but satisfaction scores were significantly lower for the clinic environment with a mean of 4.1 (95% CI 4.1-4.2). Satisfaction scores did not differ significantly by gender, age, sexual orientation, ethnic group, employment status or severity of symptoms. London respondents were more satisfied with the clinic environment and seeing preferred members of staff than their non-London counterparts, however there were no other differences between clinics. The questionnaire functioned well in practice and provided meaningful and useful information for individual clinics as well as at aggregate level.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

The home care satisfaction measure: a client-centered approach to assessing the satisfaction of frail older adults with home care services.

OBJECTIVES: The Home Care Satisfaction Measure (HCSM) is an easy to administer, psychometrically sound instrument based on consumer-defined notions of satisfaction, including perspectives of ethnic minorities. The HCSM provides an overall home care satisfaction score and subscale scores for 5 common services, all on a 0-100 scale. METHODS: Focus groups with African American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White older adults were audiotaped. Tapes were transcribed and analyzed with grounded theory methods. Correlational and common factor analyses were conducted to select items, and the instrument was field tested with 228 frail, low-income, older home care recipients. RESULTS: Test-retest reliabilities ranged from .68 to .88, with high internal consistency reliabilities. Substantial concurrent validity was achieved for subscale and overall HCSM scores. Home care satisfaction was not related to gender, age or race but was negatively associated with physical disability. Significant social desirability effects were found. DISCUSSION: In the increasingly important area of home care, the HCSM is the first measure developed on the basis of the views of older consumers that also meets standard psychometric criteria. The HCSM provides a consumer-based indicator of quality and can be used to examine changes in satisfaction over time and differences among providers or within a single agency.

Aged↗