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[Dermato-venereology as a special subject in medical education in Sweden. A historical review].

In 1861 a professorship in syphilology was founded at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. However, unlike the conditions in Denmark, Finland and Norway, a combined chair in dermatology and syphilology was not established until in 1927. The main reason for this delay was that, according to the laws applicable to the hospitals of Sweden, patients with venereal diseases could be treated solely in special hospitals ("kurhus"). Only in 1901, when these laws were changed, it was possible to establish departments for both skin and venereal diseases. The article is a survey of the development of dermato-venereology as a subject in medical education in Sweden until our time.

Dermatology↗

From mercury to malaria to penicillin: the history of the treatment of syphilis at the Mayo Clinic--1916-1955.

Between 1916 and 1955 the Mayo Clinic became recognized as one of the premier institutions specializing in the treatment of syphilis. First under the direction of John H. Stokes (1916-1924) and later Paul A. O'Leary (1924-1953), its Department of Dermatology and Syphilology, together with the members of the Clinical Cooperative Study Group, oversaw the establishment of standardized methods for the administration of the existing arsenicals and the introduction of new therapies. Malaria therapy, heat therapy, penicillin, and oxytetracycline each represented important advances in the treatment of syphilis and were extensively evaluated. Two important ancillary benefits of syphilis treatment were the development of routine intravenous techniques, which would later prove invaluable for the administration of antibiotics and cancer drugs, and the establishment of large cooperative clinical trials, the first of their kind. Under the leadership of Stokes and O'Leary the department produced a stream of pivotal clinical research that contributed to the effective management of syphilis in the United States.

Arsenicals↗

Syphilis and HIV infection.

While infectious diseases clinicians have been schooled in syphilology for generations, new aspects of syphilis continue to appear. Such is the case in HIV-infected individuals, in whom the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications are quite confusing. Dr. Edward W. Hook III, associate professor of medicine at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, has been one of the front-runners in examining and describing new aspects of this age-old infection. In this AIDS Commentary he discusses the critical clinical questions relevant to syphilis in persons with HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

Jan Fryderyk Knolle's forgotten dissertation on osseous syphilis, 1763.

In 1763 Jan Fryderyk Knolle, a Polish physician, wrote his doctoral thesis on osseous syphilis, De Ossium Carie Venerea, at the University of Leipzig, Saxony (now East Germany). Knolle described the pathology, clinical picture, and treatment of syphilis of the bones and emphasized the severity and destructiveness of bony lesions, which could occur even in the early stage of the disease. An interesting and detailed drawing showing osteomyelitis of the femur, which appears to be of syphilitic origin, was included in Knolle's dissertation. This illustration is an example of 18th century syphilologic iconography. A comparison of the clinical picture of syphilis as described by Knolle with that of the present day suggests that syphilis has become a milder disease.

Bone Diseases↗

Bullous secondary syphilis.

An earlier standard syphilology textbook states that 'If vesicles are an essential part of an eruption in an adult, the lesions are not due to secondary syphilis'. However, vesicular and bullous eruptions do occur in congenital syphilis and rare reports of both vesicular and pustular eruptions in adults with secondary syphilis have been published. We describe a patient with a bullous-pemphigoid-like eruption and a positive VDRL in whom treatment with a course of procaine penicillin resulted in rapid permanent resolution of the eruption.

Adult↗

[The establishment of the museum of Hôpital Saint-Louis: chronological milestones and important elements].

Created in 1865, by Alphonse Devergie, physician and head of one of the medical departments in Saint-Louis hospital, the first iconographic collection of the museum was made by water-colours, photographs from the atlas by Hardy and Montméja. Financially supported by the assistance Publique in Paris, thanks to the interest of its manager, Armand Husson, the museum was then enriched by the wax moulages produced by Jules Baretta, from 1867 onwards. Due to the development of the collection, the erection of a specific building was soon regarded as a necessity. The attention given to the project, by Bourneville, City Councellor in Paris, made it possible. First managed by Charles Lailler, physician in Saint-Louis, the museum was definitely located, with the medical library (later called Bibliothèque Henri Feulard), in an independent building, inaugurated August 5th 1889 on the opening of the first International Congress of Dermatology and Syphilology. This new museum, still existing in its original condition, was a part of the restoration of the international influence of the French school of dermatology.

Dermatology↗

History of the Department of Dermatology of the Mount Sinai Hospital.

The Department of Dermatology at Mount Sinai has a long, distinguished history. Founded in 1891, the department started in an era of keen diagnosticians and clinicians. By the middle of the twentieth century, it had evolved as both a clinical and investigational department at the forefront of both dermatology and syphilology. Today, it excels in both clinical and research areas and is on the cutting edge in dermatologic surgery.

Dermatology↗

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Dermatology↗