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PubMed1976

Sparganosis in the United States. Report of a case.

A 20-year-old Philadelphia woman (recently moved from South Carolina) had sparganosis of her lower anterior abdominal wall. In the United States sparganosis occurs when man enters the life cycle of dog or cat tapeworms of the genus Spirometra. Most of the American cases have been reported from the southeastern United States, and the most probable source of infection is contaminated drinking water. Sporadic cases have also been seen in other parts of the country. If the pathologist is familiar with the morphology of spargana, the gross and histologic features are sufficient for identification of genus Spirometra.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cerebral sparganosis: CT characteristics.

Cerebral sparganosis is an extremely rare parasitic zoonosis caused by a migrating plerocercoid tapeworm larva, genus Spirometra. Nineteen computed tomography (CT) scans of 12 patients with cerebral sparganosis were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with clinical and pathologic data. On CT scans, the following characteristics were noted: (a) unilateral involvement; (b) extensive or multifocal areas of low density along white matter bundles, with ipsilateral ventricular dilatation and localized cortical atrophy; (c) nodular or irregular enhancement with spotty calcification; and (d) change in location of enhancing nodules on sequential scans. These pathognomonic features reflect a chronic inflammatory process with both active granulomatous lesions and widespread degeneration of brain tissue, especially in the white matter. Degeneration is probably caused by migration of the long-surviving larva along the fiber tracts of white matter.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cerebral sparganosis: MR imaging versus CT features.

Fourteen magnetic resonance (MR) images of 11 patients with cerebral sparganosis were reviewed retrospectively and compared with 13 computed tomographic (CT) scans of 10 of the patients. All patients underwent both nonenhanced and contrast material-enhanced MR imaging. All white matter degenerations, which were slightly hypointense on T1-weighted images and were hyperintense on T2-weighted images, were seen as areas of low attenuation on CT scans. Better contrast between normal and degenerated brain tissues was seen at MR, and two lesions were seen that were missed at CT. The parasitic granuloma was isointense to brain parenchyma on images obtained with all pulse sequences. On two follow-up MR images, location or shape of the enhancing lesions changed, suggesting migration of the worm. A new finding of hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and hypointensity on T2-weighted images in subcortical areas probably due to petechial hemorrhages was demonstrated in eight patients only at MR. Small calcific foci, which were important diagnostic clues of cerebral sparganosis, were detected in four patients only at MR, while they were seen in eight patients at CT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Cerebral sparganosis with intracerebral hemorrhage: a case report.

We describe the clinical case and radiologic findings in a woman with cerebral sparganosis in which intracerebral hemorrhage was the presenting feature with hemiparesis and dysarthria. CT demonstrated high-density lesions in the right frontoparietal area, suggesting a hematoma. With conservative management, hemiparesis improved and follow-up CT revealed what looked like a resolving hematoma. Two weeks later, she complained once again of aggravated left hemiparesis and facial weakness. Diagnosis of sparganosis was made on the basis of brain MRI and ELISA. Stereotactic surgery was performed, and a live larva of sparganum was successfully removed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Sparganosis of the brain. Report of two cases.

Cerebral sparganosis is a rare disease; to date only eight cases have been described. Two new cases of cerebral sparganosis occurring in Chinese patients living in a metropolitan area are reported. Their clinical presentation and investigative results are presented and the operative and histological findings detailed. A brief review of the condition is given and the possible source of infection discussed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Sparganosis of the brain. Case report.

A rare case of cerebral sparganosis occurring in a 7-year-old boy is reported. Since his clinical symptoms fluctuated and diagnostic evaluation demonstrated multiple lesions, he was examined for a parasitic infection. Emphasis is placed on the difficulties involved in diagnosing cerebral sparganosis.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Sparganosis of the spinal cord. Case report.

Sparganosis of the spinal cord is a rare disease: only two cases have previously been described. A third case of spinal sparganosis is reported in which a sparganum was removed from the central canal of the patient's spinal cord. The clinical presentation and pathology are described. A brief review of the life cycle of the Spirometra is given and the possible mode of infestation is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cerebral sparganosis diagnosed and treated with stereotactic techniques. Report of two cases.

Infestation of the central nervous system with sparganum, the larva of Spirometra mansoni, is rare. Only 27 cases have been reported in the literature; however, the true incidence might be underestimated. Two cases are reported that were definitively diagnosed by stereotactic biopsy techniques. Without a positive histological diagnosis, the first case would have been diagnosed as having a metastatic brain tumor and a course of radiotherapy would probably have been initiated. Differentiation between granuloma of cerebral sparganosis and brain tumors such as meningiomas, gliomas, and metastatic tumors is often difficult before operation. Detailed magnetic resonance imaging might offer some help in such cases. Emphasis is placed on the increasing importance of stereotactic surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of an intracerebral mass lesion, including cerebral sparganosis.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Neuroimaging and pathological findings in a child with cerebral sparganosis. Case report.

The authors report the case of a 6-year-old boy with cerebral sparganosis due to infection with a plerocercoid tapeworm larva of Spirometra mansoni. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an area of irregular long T2 signal in the right frontal lobe. When compared with images obtained 2 years earlier, the lesion appeared to have migrated into the parietal lobe. During surgery for the removal of a granuloma, the parasite was discovered and excised. Following surgery, the patient's neurological deficits markedly improved. The authors review the pathological and imaging features of cerebral sparganosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

A case of breast sparganosis.

A 29-year-old Korean woman visited the Department of Surgery in MizMedi Hospital with a palpable itching mass on the right breast that had existed for the past 7 months. She had no history to eat either frogs or snakes, but had the history of drinking impure water. Sonography revealed a serpiginous hypoechoic tubular structure associated with partial fat necrosis in breast parenchymal layer and subcutaneous fat layer. It also revealed oval cystic lesions. At operation, an ivory white opaque ribbon-like worm that measured 16.5 cm in length and 0.5 cm in width was extracted. Anti-sparganum specific serum IgG level in the patient's serum (absorbance = 0.71), measured by ELISA, was found to be significantly higher than those of normal controls (cut off point = 0.21). Sonography and ELISA appear to be helpful to diagnose sparganosis. Breast sparganosis is rarely found throughout the world.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cerebral sparganosis: case report.

A 19-year-old man visited our hospital following an attack of general tonic-clonic convulsion. Multiple lesions were noted over bilateral frontal areas on brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive antibody for sparganum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Praziquantel, 2400 mg/d for one month, was prescribed before the antibody test results came out and the treatment failed. Total removal of the lesion and the enclosed parasite cured the patient. Although the features of cerebral sparganosis on brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance images have been previously described, the findings were not specific and the present case exhibited some different patterns including bilateral multiple calcifications and ventricular compression. The significance of the bilateral involvement is not known but the ventricular compression suggests that the disease was in an active stage. Imaging studies appear to only provide some clues for the diagnosis of sparganosis. Bilateral involvement may be seen as in the present case. The final diagnosis depends on pathologic or immunologic examination results. Surgical intervention either using stereotactic techniques or total removal of the lesion is the treatment of choice while antiparasitic agents are ineffective.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Intraosseous proliferative sparganosis: a case report and review of the literature.

Intraosseous proliferative sparganosis is an extremely rare parasitic disease in which the larvae of incomplete differentiated sparganum proliferate in the human bone. We present the first case of intraosseous proliferative sparganosis arising in the long bone. The patient was a 51-year-old man who complained of a slow growing painful mass on his right leg. The radiographic findings showed an infiltrative osteolytic lesion with speckled calcification at the proximal tibia the clinical diagnosis of which favored chondrosarcoma. Incisional biopsy revealed an innumerable number of small globular shapes, whitish parasites. Histologically, the parasites were composed of a few layers of smooth muscle and several calcerous bodies that were enclosed within a single row of tegumental cells. The latter exhibited a wavy appearance and coated with microvilli. These morphologic findings confirmed the nature of these maldifferentiated larvae. The patient was treated by partial resection of the lesion. This should remind clinicians that parasitic infection of the bone can produce a tumor-like lesion.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Cerebral sparganosis.

A 22 years male patient presented with recurrent seizures, CT and MRI diagnosis of tuberculoma was made and the patient was treated. When seizures persisted, a craniotomy was done and the excised mass revealed an abscess with a segment of broad solid non-cavitory body, wall with no scolex and loose stroma and smooth muscle fibers. A diagnosis of sparganosis cerebral abscess was made. The case is reported in view of the rarity of cerebral sparganosis in India and the need for awareness of the entity in India.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Sparganosis in male breast.

Humans can acquire infection by sparganum or plerocercoid larva of the tapeworm from drinking water containing infected Cyclops species and by ingesting infected snakes, birds, or other mammals. Once infected, the plerocercoid larva migrate slowly in the tissues and present as a subcutaneous lesion, making the correct diagnosis difficult. A 38-year-old man visited our clinic due to a breast mass. Due to suspicion of gynecomastia or breast cancer, he underwent tumor excision. Unexpectedly, a long white worm was found in the breast tissue and the pathologic finding showed sparganosis. After the surgery, mebendazole was prescribed for 1 week. No recurrence of the sparganosis was found during 1-year follow-up.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[A case of sparganosis mansoni cerebri as an epileptogenic lesion].

The authors report a case of sparganosis mansoni cerebri. This 33-year-old man had experienced adversive seizures. Plain CT demonstrated a high density area with surrounding low density area, and homogeneously enhanced with contrast medium in the frontoparietal region. 99TcO4 brain scintigram showed an abnormal hot area. On operating as a cerebral tumor, we had removed a living Sparganum mansoni from the cerebral granuloma. This is the third report in the world to our knowledge of literature, in which alive intracranial Sparaganum mansoni was removed. Sparganosis mansoni cerebri is very rare, and therefore it is very difficult to diagnose exactly before operation. However we should remember this disease considering the life history of the patient with convulsion.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of human sparganosis in Argentina].

A male patient from Peru presented a nodule localized in the left costal region. All other clinical and laboratory data were normal. Upon biopsy, an helminth parasite emerged from the subcutaneous tissue, which presented a marked eosinophil infiltrate. The helminth was classified as a plerocercoid larva of Spirometra; the species was not determined. Since Spirometra are not common in Argentina, it is presumed that the patient was infested during his two year sojourn in the peruvian forest. Some epidemiological aspects are discussed. As far as we know, this is the first case of subcutaneous sparganosis and the second of sparganosis reported in Argentina.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Antigenic protein fractions reacting with sera of sparganosis patients.

To observe the antigenic protein fractions in saline extract of Spirometra mansoni plerocercoid (sparganum), the crude extract was separated in reducing conditions of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The proteins, transferred by electrophoresis to nitrocellulose paper, were reacted with sera from 15 surgically confirmed sparganosis and 24 cysticercosis patients for immunoblotting. Out of 30 identified protein bands in the extract, bands of 29 and 36 kilodaltons (kDa) were the strongest and the most frequently reacting with specific antibody (IgG) in sparganosis sera. Bands of higher molecular weight also reacted with the sera but their frequency of reactions was lower. Sera of cysticercosis reacted with different protein bands in saline extract of sparganum, but the cross reactions were observed in strong antigenic bands of 29 and 36 kDa.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Testicular sparganosis in a child from Uruguay.

A patient 9 years old had a painless tumor in the left testicle. The left testicle measured about 5 cm long and about 3 cm wide and was stony hard in part. From an echographic image, the patient was diagnosed to have a hematoma in the left testicle. The left testicle was surgically removed. From histological observations, burrows were surrounded by numerous eosinophils in the testicle, epididymis and tunica vaginalis. Cross sections of spargana were in the burrows. Severe granulomatous orchitis and epididymitis were around the burrows. This case was the second one of human sparganosis in Uruguay.

Animals↗