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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Glucocorticoid receptor binding in twin pairs is affected by shared environment but not by shared genes.

We set out to determine whether glucocorticoid receptor activity is affected mainly by genetic or environmental factors. The affinity and capacity of the glucocorticoid receptor was measured using dexamethasone binding in whole leukocytes from 53 monozygotic and 48 dizygotic twin pairs. Receptor binding characteristics assayed from twin pairs on the same day were highly correlated within twin pairs irrespective of zygosity. Apparent Kd was negatively correlated with environmental temperature (R(2)=0.13, P<0.0001) but this did not confound the intra-pair correlation, suggesting a strong familial component independent of zygosity. Receptor binding parameters were not more closely correlated in monozygotic twins than dizygotic twin pairs indicating that there is no major genetic contribution to receptor binding and that environmental influences predominate. The close similarity in binding between twin pairs in adulthood raises the possibility that familial, non-genetic, factors such as shared early life environment may programme the glucocorticoid receptor.

Environment↗
PubMed2005

Genome screen in the French EGEA study: detection of linked regions shared or not shared by allergic rhinitis and asthma.

In the sample of 295 French EGEA families with at least one asthmatic subject, a genome screen was conducted to identify potential linkage regions specific either to allergic rhinitis (AR) or to asthma as well as those shared by the two diseases. Two binary rhinitis phenotypes based on (1) diagnosis (ARbin1) and (2) symptoms (ARbin2) and a categorical ordered trait (ARcat) were considered. Asthma phenotype was based on answers to a standardized questionnaire plus the presence of bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Linkage analyses were conducted using the maximum likelihood binomial (MLB) method. These analyses provided potential evidence for linkage to three regions in the whole sample: 1p31 for the phenotype defined by ARbin2 plus asthma (P=0.00016), 2q32 for ARbin2 (P=0.00016) and 3p24-p14 for ARcat (P=0.001). Two other regions were detected in the subset of 185 families with at most one asthmatic sib: 9p22 and 9q22-q34 for ARbin1 (P=0.001 and 0.0007, respectively). No region showed evidence for linkage to asthma without being also linked to AR. While 1p31 may contain a genetic determinant common to asthma and AR, 2q32, 3p24-p14, 9p22 and 9q22-q34 are more likely to harbor genetic factors specific to AR.

Asthma↗
PubMed1998

Shared goals, shared learning: evaluation of a multiprofessional course for undergraduate students.

Twenty-eight undergraduate degree students from seven health care professions attended a two-day pilot course. Using small multiprofessional groups, final-year students from occupational therapy, orthoptics, therapy radiography, nursing, physiotherapy, medicine and dentistry explored professional roles and clinical problem-solving using a theme-based approach. A balance of didactic and interactive small-group learning enabled them to identify issues surrounding multiprofessional teamworking and collaboration in the National Health Service. Evaluation results showed that the course increased knowledge and understanding of other health care professions, developed more positive attitudes and demonstrated the importance of multiprofessional teamwork and communication. Participating students believed that both early and regular opportunities for shared learning should be essential aspects of undergraduate courses.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Shared governance. Sharing power and opportunity.

Responding to an enlarged span of control and an ever changing health care environment, the author describes the implementation of a unit-based shared governance model. Through study,literature review, and team consensus, a new management style emerged. Using Rosabeth Kanter's framework for work effectiveness, the unit governance structure was transformed. The process, progress, and outcomes are described, analyzed, and celebrated.

Alabama↗
PubMed1980

Shared learning for shared care.

This is an account of a pilot multidisciplinary course in geriatric care for medical, nursing and physiotherapy students at The Middlesex Hospital, London. The course organization, content and evaluation methods are described. A problem-solving approach to shared learning is discussed and the author argues for the development of similar teaching programmes.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2002

Networking in shared care--first steps towards a shared electronic patient record for cancer patients.

OBJECTIVES: This paper aims at identifying the data protection and security requirements for a cross-institutional EPR. Three possible models and the first steps towards a cross-institutional EPR for the Thoraxklinik Heidelberg and the Department of Clinical Radiology of the University Medical Center of Heidelberg shall be discussed. METHODS: A comprehensive analysis of literature and legal documents supplied information for determining the data protection and security requirements. By means of information system analysis, the technical preconditions in both institutions as well as three possible models towards a cross-institutional EPR were identified. RESULTS: According to the German penal code it is only allowed to reveal patient information to external physicians in cases of so-called "treatment connection". An extension of the written consent, signed by the patient, verifying the patient agreement that his/her patient data will be stored in a cross-institutional EPR is needed. Among the three models that we identified, the model that constitutes of a virtual EPR with distributed data capture in both institutions was favored. By means of SecuRemote software a secure connection between the Thoraxklinik Heidelberg and the Department of Clinical Radiology was established, allowing the physicians to view the complete cross-institutional health information of a jointly treated patient during the weekly consultation on radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Many requirements listed in this paper are requirements for electronic patient records in general. Besides these general requirements there are specific requirements for a cross-institutional EPR. The legal situation in Germany complicates the development and implementation of a cross-institutional EPR. However, we think that the efforts are reasonable, because a cross-institutional EPR will be able to improve the communication between health institutions, medical disciplines and persons involved in shared care processes. It provides them with more complete health information about the jointly treated patients. A cross-institutional EPR is, therefore, expected to improve the quality of patient care.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1998

The Study of Health Assessment and Risk in Ethnic groups (SHARE): rationale and design. The SHARE Investigators.

The Study of Health Assessment and Risk in Ethnic groups (SHARE) is a study to determine the risk factors for atherosclerosis among three ethnic populations in Canada. Three hundred and thirty South Asian Canadian, 320 Chinese Canadian and 320 European Canadian men and women between 35 and 75 years of age are being randomly sampled from communities in Hamilton and Toronto, Ontario and Edmonton, Alberta for assessment of conventional (i.e., smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes and hypertension) and emerging (i.e., candidate genes for atherosclerosis, homocysteine, fibrinolytic parameters, neurohormones, glucose intolerance, markers of infection, socioeconomic status, psychosocial status and diet) cardiovascular disease risk factors. Subclinical atherosclerosis is measured by quantitative B-mode ultrasonography of the carotid arteries, and other objective measures of vascular disease are a 12-lead electrocardiogram, a two-dimensional echocardiogram, ankle to arm blood pressure ratio and urine microalbumin concentration. The relationship between the conventional and emerging risk factors, and atherosclerosis, vascular disease and markers of end-organ damage will be evaluated between and within ethnic groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Share and Share Alike or Winner Take All?: The Influence of Social Value Orientation upon Choice and Recall of Negotiation Heuristics.

Two experiments test the hypothesis that social value orientation influences choice and recall of heuristics in individuals preparing for negotiation. Consistent with predictions, Study 1 shows that in the preparation phase, negotiators with a prosocial value orientation choose more cooperative heuristics (e.g., "equal split is fair") than competitive heuristics (e.g., "your gain is my loss") while negotiators with a competitive social value orientation do the reverse. Negotiators with an individualistic social value orientation do not discriminate in their choice between cooperative and competitive heuristics. Study 2 shows that following preparation, prosocial negotiators recall more cooperative than competitive heuristics while individualists and competitors do the reverse. Additional measures suggest that prosocial negotiators prefer cooperative heuristics because these are seen as morally appropriate, whereas individualists and competitors prefer competitive heuristics because these are seen as effective. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Importance of shared genes and shared environments for symptoms of depression in older adults.

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale was administered to 68 identical and 161 fraternal twin pairs reared apart and 114 identical and 138 fraternal pairs reared together to ascertain relative genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in self-reported depressive symptoms. Intraclass correlations and model fitting indicated that genetic influences explained 16% of the variance in total depression scores and 19% for the Psychomotor Retardation and Somatic Complaints subscale, but heritability was minimal for the Depressed Mood and Well-Being subscales. Influence of family rearing context played a substantial role in explaining twin similarity, whereas unique life experiences accounted for the greatest proportion of variance. Significant age group differences were observed, with heritability greater in twins of 60 years of age or older than in twins under 60, especially for Psychomotor Retardation.

Adoption↗