Assessment of the anticholinergic effects of antidepressants in a single-dose cross-over study of salivation and plasma levels.
In order to evaluate the anticholinergic effect of antidepressant drugs, 11 healthy volunteers were given single oral doses of reference drug, test drugs or placebo on a double-blind basis at weekly intervals. The doses corresponded to average daily patient medications. Spontaneous whole mouth and parotid salivation, and plasma levels of drug and possible metabolites were measured 2, 6 and 10 h after drug administration. Moderate, statistically significant inhibition of salivation was found when nortriptyline, imipramine-N-oxide and mianserin were given. Less pronounced, but still statistically significant inhibition occurred after ingestion of nomifensine and zimelidine. The zimelidine effect was exclusively due to the metabolite norzimelidine, and the inhibition after imipramine-N-oxide was mainly due to the metabolite imipramine, but imipramine-N-oxide itself also had slight activity. Isocarboxazide and lithium had no effect on salivation. From these results and reported values of pharmacokinetic variables, the average level of anticholinergic activity during long-term treatment may be predicted: for mianserin and (nor-)zimelidine moderate inhibition of salivation, although less pronounced than with nortriptyline; for nomifensine no clinically significant effect; and for imipramine-N-oxide a negligible contribution from the unmetabolized drug.