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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[An information model of the adaptation process in sailors under the conditions of the polar regions on the Kola Peninsula].

On the basis of information concept an attempt to create a model of adaptation process was made with the purpose of revealing the general features of man's adaptation for the conditions of the Kola [correction of Kolsk] Peninsula polar region. In the authors' opinion it is necessary to study this problem from the point of view of thermodynamic approaches. The model obtained in the result of studies reflects the process of adaptation and gives the possibility to prognosticate the health status of sailors depending on their "polar continuous service".

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1994

[Protective body functions in sailors (a review of the literature)].

The article contains data which were obtained from national and foreign materials on non-specific resistance of a human organism during sea cruises in different geographical latitudes. The basic factors which causes the diminishing of the body resistance are the following: hydrometeorological conditions, hypodynamia and high psychoemotional tension. A conclusion is made concerning the expediency of scientific studies of non-specific resistance of a sea-man organism in order to improve the efficiency of control over the health status of sailors.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sociomedical aspects of injuries of the sailors of the fish fleet].

Based on the results of long-term statistical monitoring, the author analyzes traumatologic care rendered to sailors of the Northern fleet and outlines the basic approaches to improvement of emergency traumatologic care on board the ship. As a result of introduction of a complex of organizational and medicosocial measures, the incidence of injuries reduced two-bold.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Hematological changes in sailors from chemical cargo tankers.

UNLABELLED: The group investigated consisted of 179 sailors from chemical cargo tankers, with an average age of approximately 40 years and duration of special service of between 2-6 years. They were divided into risk groups in accordance with the exposure index. The study comprised 18 voyages, transporting more than 50 chemical substances, mainly benzene, ethyl benzene, acrylonitrile, aniline, acetone, etc. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Erythrocytes, hematokrit, hemoglobin, erythrocyte indices, erythrocyte morphology, leukocytes, leukocyte formula, platelets were determined in venous blood, collected at the end of each voyage. RESULTS: Anemia syndrome, leukocytosis with neutropenia and activation of lymphocytes and monocytes were determined. The observed changes followed the 'exposure-response' relationship. The frequency rate of the deviations varied from 21% for the first risk group, to 10% for the fourth risk group. High correlation between the changes in peripheral blood and the parameters 'special service duration' and 'number of voyages' was determined.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

What shall we do with the drunken sailor? Effects of alcohol on the performance of ship operators.

The purpose of this study was to specify the effects of alcohol on the performance of ship operators as a contribution to the development of new strategies against the risks of alcohol in water traffic. The nautical performance of 21 captains before and after alcohol consumption was assessed on a ship piloting simulator. The simulated scenarios represented passages of a container vessel through the German Bight. Performance was examined by nautical instructors according to standardised protocols. Mean (S.D.) blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of 0.100 (0.024) g/dl before and 0.100 (0.017) g/dl after the performance trial resulted in striking effects on the nautical performance. The categories most severely affected were foresight and analysis of situation (impairment in 18 of 21 cases), concentration (impairment in 16 of 21 cases), accurateness, risk disposition and navigation (impairment in 15 of 21 cases). Chart work, preparation and communication were impaired in 12, 11 and 10 of 21 cases, respectively. None of the participants were capable to operate the simulated ship with an adequate safety after ingestion of alcohol. From these findings, and in consideration of the well-established impairment of a multitude of mental and physical functions by alcohol, it can be concluded that even low BACs bear high risks in water traffic, a concentration above 0.1 g/dl will hinder a sufficiently safe performance of ship operators. This should be considered in alcohol education and legislation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Specific neuromuscular responses of high skilled laser sailors during a multi-joint posture sustained until exhaustion.

The aim of this study was to examine the myoelectric manifestations of neuromuscular fatigue induced by a sustained bout of hiking with regard to training status, laterality and muscle. Nineteen subjects, separated into three different groups according to their training status in hiking, volunteered to take part in this study. Subjects performed a sustained hiking test until exhaustion at 50 % of the maximal hiking torque on a specially developed hiking ergometer. The electrical activity of two bilateral (left and right sides) muscular chains involved in hiking including the rectus abdominis (RA), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was explored using surface electromyography. Results indicated a higher endurance time (Tlim) for the highly trained group in hiking (45 %, p < 0.05). The mean electrical activity of the muscles studied reached a medium level at the end of the sustained hiking period (51 % of maximal values, p < 0.001), regardless of the training status. However, the increase in activation level was delayed in hikers (50 % Tlim) compared to non-hikers (25 % Tlim), especially for rectus abdominis and rectus femoris muscles. Furthermore, activation patterns of synergistic muscles differed among the groups so that electrical activity of knee extensors was higher than that of trunk flexors of hikers at the end of hiking task (e.g., left RA: 32 % vs. left VL: 54 % of maximal values, p < 0.001). Shifts in mean power frequency were more pronounced in rectus abdominis muscles (- 24 %, p < 0.001) than in rectus femoris (- 7 %, p < 0.001) and vastus lateralis (unchanged), regardless of the group. Hikers exhibited a lower and more delayed spectral compression (left side: - 1.3 %, right side: - 9.8 %) compared to non-hikers (left and right sides: - 15.1 %). These findings suggest that hikers prolonged endurance time by adjusting neural distribution of activity among synergists, thereby minimizing the contribution of the most fatigable muscles, such as the trunk flexors.

Adolescent↗