Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Rome”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Etiology of ringworm of the scalp, beard and body in Rome, Italy.

From 1972 to 1977 the authors examined 1,311 patients in Rome affected by ringworm of the scalp, beard and body, comparing their findings with a study made in Milan between 1969 to 1973 and with earlier Italian studies from 1900 to date. It appears that at the beginning of the century scalp ringworm was usually caused by Trichophyton violaceum and T. tonsurans, whereas Microsporum canis was rarely found. Today the Trichophyton species are rarely isolated, whereas Microsporum species, particularly M. canis (88.9% of the cases in Rome, 74.6% in Milan), predominate in the etiology of scalp ringworm. Ringworm of the beard in Rome is mainly caused by T. mentagrophytes (50% of the cases) and T. verrucosum (25%). In Milan the frequency of T. verrucosum is 51.2% and of T. mentagrophytes 38.5%. Ringworm of the body today is mainly due to M. canis (47.8% of the cases in Rome and 65.7% of those in Milan). These ringworms in Rome and Milan are caused mostly by the zoophilic dermatophytes that have supplanted the anthropophilic dermatophytes, which were the main cause of dermatomycoses in the early years of this century. This change, particularly evident after World War II, appears to result from improved socio-economic and hygienic conditions, with resulting decrease of infections through interhuman contacts, and from increased numbers of pet animals and consequent increase of stray cats and dogs, which result in increase of infections of animal origin.

Epidermophyton↗
PubMed2004

Identification of a variant "Rome clone" of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin, responsible for an outbreak in an intensive care unit.

We describe the identification of a variant of the "Rome clone" of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), responsible for an outbreak involving 5 patients in a Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit (CS-ICU) of a tertiary-care University Hospital in Rome. All strains isolated from patients and from nasal swabs obtained from four members of the CS-ICU personnel, belonged to the same identified clone. The characteristics of this clone were: (1) resistance to ampicillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, rifampin, spectinomycin, and tetracycline; (2) vancomycin and teicoplanin MICs respectively of 2 and 4 mg/L; (3) heteroresistant subpopulations in the presence of 4 and 6 mg/L of vancomycin (10(-3) and 10(-5), respectively); (4) clonal type I::J::C determined following an established protocol (mec A::Tn 554 ::PFGE); (5) sequence type ST247 (3-3-1-12-4-4-16), obtained by multilocus sequence typing (MLST); and (6) the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC) IA, obtained by multiplex PCR method. This new strain had different characteristics from the epidemic clone circulating in the same hospital from 1997 and designed "Rome clone," which was susceptible to erythromycin, clindamycin, and spectinomycin and belonged to the II::NH::C genetic background. A high genetic similarity between this Rome clone and the previously classified Archaic and Iberian clones was found, because they shared the same allelic profile (ST247), probably originating from the same S. aureus ancestor of the Iberian MRSA strains. Therefore, the strains responsible for the outbreak, with vancomycin MICs 2-4 mg/L, are variant clones, showing the genotype of the "Rome clone," the ST247 in association with SCC mec type IA (ST247-MRSA-IA), and are characterized by a uniform susceptibility to fosfomycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malignant mesothelioma in Rome and Latium region, 1993-2001.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies on malignant mesothelioma have provided evidence on the etiologic role of occupational asbestos exposure and, to some extent, domestic and residential exposures. Less attention has been given to the occurrence of mesothelioma in urban areas where large quantities of asbestos have been employed in the past. The purpose of the study was to investigate the occurrence of mesothelioma in patients living in the urban area of Rome and in other parts of the Latium Region and the patterns of asbestos exposure. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A pathology-based, malignant mesothelioma archive operating in Rome, Italy, was the source of cases. Included in the survey were cases resident in Latium and diagnosed in the period January 1, 1993, through December 31, 2001. Information on asbestos exposure was derived from interviews to the patient or his/her next of kin and from available medical records. RESULTS: The case series included: 114 males and 53 females; total, 167. Information on asbestos exposure was available for 138 cases (83%). Occupational exposure was ascertained or suspected for 33% of cases resident in Rome and 63% of those resident in other municipalities of Latium. Sex ratio was 1.6 in Rome and 3.3 in Latium. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of women among mesothelioma cases and lower proportion of occupational exposure in Rome versus the other municipalities of Latium suggest a possible role of environmental asbestos exposure in the urban area.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Inhabitants' environmental perceptions in the city of Rome within the framework for urban biosphere reserves of the UNESCO programme on man and biosphere.

The article presents the main tenets of the UNESCO Programme on Man and Biosphere (MAB), launched by the United Nations at the beginning of the 1970s. The program aimed at supporting applied research and scientific knowledge for managing natural resources in a rational and sustainable way. The implication of the full ecological perspective, typical of the MAB, for promoting multidisciplinary and integrated approaches in the study of environmental issues is briefly outlined. In particular, we point out the role of the MAB, through the biosphere reserve concept, in supporting the collaboration between natural-biological and social-behavioral sciences when dealing with biodiversity conservation problems and with urban ecosystems. Then, the specific UNESCO-MAB Project on the city of Rome, launched at the end of the 1980s, is briefly presented, together with the recent project of the Department of the Environment of the Rome Municipality to propose Rome's urban and periurban green areas as a new UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve. The results of the main research activities conducted therein are summarized. In particular, the specific research lines of the environmental psychology research group, involved in the MAB-Rome Project for approximately two decades, are presented. These research lines dealt with various aspects of residents' environmental perceptions and behaviors in the city of Rome. The practical implications of these results are also briefly discussed.

Attitude↗
PubMed2004

Use of Rome II criteria in childhood defecation disorders: applicability in clinical and research practice.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders with the use of the Rome II criteria and to compare these data with the classic Iowa criteria. STUDY DESIGN: Patients recorded defecation and encopresis frequency. A standard history was taken and a physical examination including a rectal examination was done. The prevalence of both criteria was assessed and compared. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-eight consecutive patients (age, 0.66 to 15.76 years; 131 male subjects) were included. According to the Rome II criteria, 64%, 18%, and 21% of patients fulfilled the criteria for functional constipation, functional fecal retention, and functional nonretentive fecal soiling, respectively. Using the classic criteria, 74% and 18% of patients fulfilled the criteria for pediatric constipation and solitary encopresis, respectively; 16% of the patients fulfilling the pediatric constipation criteria were not recognized by the Rome II constipation criteria. Fair agreement was found between functional nonretentive fecal soiling and solitary encopresis. Encopresis was present in 79% of constipated children. CONCLUSIONS: The Rome criteria are restrictive and exclude several children with constipation. We recommend including encopresis and rectal digital examination and excluding arbitrary age limits and retentive behavior in the revision of the Rome criteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A comparison of the Rome and Manning criteria for case identification in epidemiological investigations of irritable bowel syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome using different standard definitions (Rome and Manning criteria) and to determine the degree of agreement between these definitions. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional survey study was conducted by mailing a valid, reliable questionnaire to an age- and gender-stratified random sample of residents of Olmsted County, MN, aged 30-69 yr. The threshold for a positive diagnosis of irritable bowel was varied from two to four of the six Manning criteria and from two to three of the five defecation disorders in the Rome criteria. Unadjusted as well as age- and gender-adjusted prevalence rates were calculated for each of the five definitions of IBS. Percent agreement and kappa statistics were calculated to assess agreement between the definitions. RESULTS: Questionnaires were returned by 643 of 892 eligible subjects (72% response rate). The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of IBS varied from 20.4% using a threshold of two symptoms in the Manning criteria to 8.5% using a threshold of three defecation disorders in the Rome criteria. The percent agreement for each comparison of Manning and Rome definitions was always >90%. The kappa values ranged from 0.55 to 0.78, with the best agreement occurring between a threshold of three symptoms of Manning and two defecation disorders in Rome. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of IBS varied substantially depending on the specific definition of IBS used. The range of prevalence estimates in Olmsted County was similar to other published figures when IBS definition was accounted for. These findings are useful in interpreting epidemiological and clinical studies of IBS.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the Rome II criteria in children.

BACKGROUND: Functional gastrointestinal disorders are common in children. It has been suggested that the diagnosis of these conditions should be based on the "pediatric Rome II" criteria. The interobserver reliability for the DSM-IV, another symptom-based criteria is considered almost perfect in multiple studies. There are no studies assessing the reliability of the Rome II criteria in children. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reliability of the pediatric Rome II criteria. METHODS: Interobserver reliability-Ten pediatric gastroenterologists and 10 fellows in pediatric gastroenterology were provided with 20 clinical vignettes, the Rome II criteria, and a list of 15 possible diagnoses. Each of the raters was instructed to select one or more diagnoses for each vignette. Intraobserver reliability-The specialists were provided with the same set of vignettes 4 months later. RESULTS: Average percentage of agreement coefficient: 45% (specialists), 47% (fellows). In order to correct for possible agreement by chance, we calculated the kappa coefficient, a measure of pairwise agreement corrected for chance. Specialists: k = 0.37 (p < 0.0001), trainees: k = 0.41, (p < 0.0001). Physicians with a special interest in functional gastrointestinal disorders (k = 0.37, p < 0.0001), and other specialists (k = 0.38, p < 0.0001). Analysis of data in pain and constipation diagnosis subgroups revealed even lower kappa (constipation: k = 0.2, p < 0.0001; pain: k = 0.3, p < 0.0001). Intraobserver agreement: k = 0.63 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The interobserver reliability of the Rome II criteria among pediatric gastroenterologists and fellows is low. Further validation of the criteria is necessary.

Child↗
PubMed1994

A cross-sectional and longitudinal comparison of the Rome criteria for active rheumatoid arthritis (equivalent to the American College of Rheumatology 1958 criteria) and the American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria for rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic properties of the Rome 1961 criteria for active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR; formerly, the American Rheumatism Association) 1987 criteria for RA with regard to their ability to classify, diagnose, and predict outcome in RA. METHODS: Analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal data from repeated health examinations and review of clinical records of 3,509 Pima Indians followed up from January 1966 to December 1990. RESULTS: The ACR 1987 criteria identified approximately 50% of the cases identified by the Rome 1961 criteria, in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. The ACR 1987 criteria were better predictors of subsequent development of a clinically supported diagnosis and treatment with slow-acting antirheumatic drugs (both P < 0.001), but were less sensitive than the Rome 1961 criteria for detecting cases for which there already was a clinically supported diagnosis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In a population-based analysis, the ACR 1987 criteria are less sensitive for detecting clinical disease, but predict a clinically more severe prognosis, compared with the Rome 1961 criteria. The sensitivity of both sets of criteria to identify clinical disease is improved if multiple examinations or inactive disease are taken into account.

Arizona↗
PubMed2005

Mental health care in Rome.

AIM: To describe principles and characteristics of mental health care in Rome. METHOD: Based on existing data, service provision, number of professionals working in services, funding arrangements, pathways to care, user/carer involvement and specific issues are reported. RESULTS: After the Italian psychiatric reform of 1978, an extensive network of community-based services has been set up in Rome providing prevention, care and rehabilitation in mental health. A number of small public acute/emergency inpatient units inside general hospitals was created (median length of stay in 2002 = 8 days) to accomplish the shift from a hospital-based to a community-based psychiatric system of care. Some private structures provide inpatient assistance for less acute conditions (median length of stay in 2002 = 28 days), whilst the large Roman psychiatric hospital was closed in 1999. DISCUSSION: Whilst various issues of mental health care in Rome overlap with those in other European capitals, there also are some specific problems and features. During the last two decades, the mental health system in Rome has been successfully converted to a community-based one. Present issues concern a qualitative approach, with an increasing need to foresee adequate evaluation, especially considering mental health patients' satisfaction with services and economic outcomes.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1996

A 5-year (1989-1993) prospective study of the incidence of IDDM in Rome and the Lazio region in the age-group 0-14 years.

OBJECTIVE: To provide data on the incidence of IDDM in Rome and the Lazio region evaluated prospectively from 1989 to 1993 for a total of > 5 million subjects younger than 15 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: All patients with newly discovered IDDM diagnosed between 1 January 1989 and 31 December 1993 among residents in Rome and its region were recorded. Primary ascertainment was based in diabetes clinics and specialized hospitals in the region, whereas the secondary independent source was taken from the archives of the region where patients are registered to obtain exemption from paying for medications. RESULTS: We identified 330 new patients with a degree of ascertainment of 85%. Overall the incidence rate of the disease was 7.9 per 100,000 per year (95% CI 7.1-8.8). The incidence was higher in the 5- to 9-year-old age-group (10.4 per 100,000) and in winter (36.2%). The cumulative risk for the disease is on the order of 1.18 per 1,000 subjects < 15 years of age. No significant differences in incidence were observed between boys and girls. There were 14 instances of coma at diagnosis (4.3%), but hyperglycemia without ketonuria was diagnosed in 35% of patients, suggesting an early diagnosis. DISCUSSION: Compared with the other continental Italian regions for which data are available for a single year, the IDDM incidence rate in Rome is similar. We conclude that the IDDM incidence rate in Rome and its region is comparable to that in other Southern European countries and remained stable over the 5-year observation period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The geography of Bangladeshi migration to Rome.

"With reference to the Bangladeshi community in Rome, this paper provides some answers to three key geographical questions: what is the migrants' regional pattern of origin in their home country; what are the mechanisms and routes of their migration to Italy; how are they spatially distributed in Rome?... Chain migration links specific origins in Bangladesh with spatial clusters and economic activities in Rome; the key here is the role of Bangladeshi community leaders in Rome who act both as migration sponsors and entrepreneurs."

Asia↗
PubMed2002

Use of surrogate markers of inflammation and Rome criteria to distinguish organic from nonorganic intestinal disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Differentiating symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from those of organic intestinal disease is a familiar problem for physicians. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratios (ORs) of fecal calprotectin, small intestinal permeability, Rome I criteria, and laboratory markers of inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP], blood count) in distinguishing organic from nonorganic intestinal disease. METHODS: A total of 602 new referrals to a gastroenterology clinic who had symptoms suggestive of IBS or organic intestinal disease were studied for these parameters. All patients underwent invasive imaging (barium/endoscopic examination) and other investigations as appropriate, with physicians blinded to the results of fecal calprotectin and intestinal permeability. RESULTS: A total of 263 patients were diagnosed with organic disease and 339 with IBS. At 10 mg/L, the sensitivity and specificity of calprotectin for organic disease were 89% and 79%, respectively, and that of intestinal permeability for small intestinal disease were 63% and 87%, respectively. Sensitivity of positive Rome criteria for IBS was 85% with a specificity of 71%. An abnormal calprotectin test had an OR for disease of 27.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.6-43.7; P < 0.0001) compared with ORs of 4.2 (95% CI, 2.9-6.1; P < 0.0001) and 3.2 (95% CI, 2.2-4.6; P < 0.0001) for elevated CRP and ESR values. An abnormal permeability test gave an OR of 8.9 (95% CI, 5.8-14.0; P < 0.0001) for small intestinal disease. The OR for IBS with positive Rome criteria was 13.3 (95% CI, 8.9-20.0). CONCLUSIONS: Fecal calprotectin, intestinal permeability, and positive Rome I criteria provide a safe and noninvasive means of helping differentiate between patients with organic and nonorganic intestinal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Efficacy oh the Rome criteria II in diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome].

AIM: To study efficacy of the Rome criteria II in diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination was made of 288 consecutive patients with an IBS diagnosis admitted to the hospital from January to December 2002. RESULTS: The IBS diagnosis was confirmed in the specialized hospital in 74 (25.8%) of 288 patients admitted with this diagnosis. Of 61 patients, whose diagnosis met the Rome criteria, the IBS diagnosis was not confirmed in 7 patients (11.4%). CONCLUSION: Out of 288 patients admitted to a gastroenterological hospital, 78.8% patients were diagnosed at the prehospital stage not basing on the Rome criteria and appeared erroneous in 70.1%. The analysis of the anxiety causes identified different intestinal diseases in 78.5% cases, the diagnosis of IBS was confirmed in the rest cases. Specificity of the Rome criteria II was 88.6%, sensitivity 82.4%. This provides a reliable diagnosis of IBS.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[HoNOS-Rome: an extended, customized, and longitudinal oriented version of the HoNOS].

AIMS: To clarify the acceptability, reliability and factorial validity of a new Italian version of the HoNOS called HoNOS-Rome. Its main innovations are both in design and in contents. METHODS: Face validity was assessed by surveying 3 focus groups. Reliability was assessed in 8 different pairs of raters on a sample of 24 patients; construct validity was analysed by factor analysis using a sample of 187 patients at 6 day centres. Acceptability was investigated by means an anonymous questionnaire filled by professionals that were using the instrument. RESULTS: Time of completion was low (range 4-12 minutes), the tool proved very acceptable and the reliability was good (weighted kappa > or = 0.71 for all items). Factor analysis was consistent with the division of HoNOS-Rome into four sensible factors accounting for 52% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that HoNOS-Rome has a satisfactory degree of acceptability, construct validity and reliability, and may promote the routine evaluation of outcomes in mental health services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Neurosurgery at the Catholic University in Rome.

Neurosurgery at the Catholic University in Rome was initiated by Gian Franco Rossi in 1969 and has gradually expanded since then. From the beginning, research has been regarded as an essential part of training and daily activities in the university's neurosurgery programs. The professional and research education of all faculty members includes at least 1 year abroad in a reputable neurosurgical center. Subspecialization is encouraged. Today, the faculty is composed of 3 full professors, 4 associate professors, and 16 assistant professors. The university's neurosurgery programs include the Institute of Neurosurgery, the residency program, and the following clinical units: a Division of General Neurosurgery; three subspecialty sections comprising Neurotraumatology, Pediatric Neurosurgery, and Functional and Spine Surgery; a day hospital; and dedicated laboratories. More than 1700 surgical patients are treated annually. Epilepsy, pain management, parkinsonism, spinal cord and vertebral pathologies, clinical and basic neuro-oncology, cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial pressure dynamics, cerebrovascular disease, neurotrauma, developmental malformations, and peripheral and central nervous system neuroregeneration are the main fields of clinical and research activities. The results of the research performed thus far at the Catholic University in Rome have been reported in more than 900 publications, most of which have appeared in prominent journals and books. Members of the faculty are involved in relevant editorial activities and serve as officers of national and international scientific and professional societies. In 1999, Giulio Maira succeeded Dr. Rossi in directing the Institute of Neurosurgery and the Division of General Neurosurgery. In addition to the history of neurosurgery at the Catholic University in Rome, this article describes present challenges and plans for the future in neurosurgery at the university.

Christianity↗
PubMed1995

Estimate of parkinsonism prevalence through drug prescription histories in the Province of Rome, Italy.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of parkinsonism in the Province of Rome using antiparkinsonian prescription histories from 1986 to 1991. METHODS: A subject was defined as a case of parkinsonism if he/she had received "specific" and "consistent" antiparkinsonian therapy in the study period. RESULTS: In November 1990, 6,572 patients were defined as prevalent cases of parkinsonism. The crude prevalence ratio, for the total population of the Province of Rome, is 173.5 per 100,000 inhabitants (165.9 per 100,000 in men and 180.5 per 100,000 in women). The method was validated by record-linkage with clinical records of all patients visited during 1990 at the Department of Neurological Sciences of the University of Rome "La Sapienza". The sensitivity of the prevalence study was 83.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a computerized data base of all prescription data, routinely collected for administrative purposes, enabled us to obtain a prevalence estimate based on a very large population, with low costs and in a relatively short time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Inequality in health: socioeconomic differentials in mortality in Rome, 1990-95.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Population groups with a lower socioeconomic status (SES) have a greater risk of disease and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between SES and mortality in the metropolitan area of Rome during the six year period 1990-1995, and to examine variations in mortality differentials between 1990-92 and 1993-95. DESIGN: Rome has a population of approximately 2,800,000, with 6100 census tracts (CTs). During the study period, 149,002 deaths occurred among residents. The cause-specific mortality rates were compared among four socioeconomic categories defined by a socioeconomic index, derived from characteristics of the CT of residence. MAIN RESULTS: Among men, total mortality and mortality for the major causes of death showed an inverse association with SES. Among 15-44 year old men, the strong positive association between total mortality and low SES was attributable to AIDS and overdose mortality. Among women, a positive association with lower SES was observed for stomach cancer, uterus cancer and cardiovascular disease, whereas mortality for lung and breast cancers was higher in the groups with higher SES. Comparing the periods 1990-92 and 1993-95, differences in total mortality between socioeconomic groups widened in both sexes. Increasing differences were observed for tuberculosis and lung cancer among men, and for uterus cancer, traffic accidents, and overdose mortality among women. CONCLUSIONS: The use of an area-based indicator of SES limits the interpretations of the findings. However, despite the possible limitations, these results suggest that social class differences in mortality in Rome are increasing. Time changes in lifestyle and in the prevalence of risk behaviours may produce differences in disease incidence. Moreover, inequalities in the access to medical care and in the quality of care may contribute to an increasing differentials in mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Socioeconomic differentials in premature mortality in Rome: changes from 1990 to 2001.

BACKGROUND: While socioeconomic inequalities in mortality have widened in many countries, evidence of social differentials is scarce in Southern Europe. We studied temporal changes in premature mortality across socioeconomic groups in Rome between 1990 and 2001. METHODS: We analysed all 126,511 death certificates of residents of Rome aged 0-74 years registered between 1990-2001. A 4-level census block index based on the 1991 census was used as an indicator of socioeconomic position (SEP). Using routine mortality data, standardised mortality rates (per 100,000 inhabitants) were calculated by SEP and gender for four time periods. Rate ratios were used to compare mortality by gender and age. RESULTS: Overall premature mortality decreased in both genders and in all socioeconomic groups; the change was greater in the highest socio-economic group. In both men and women, inequalities in mortality strengthened during the 1990s and appeared to stabilise at the end of the 20th century. However, for 60-74 year old women the gap continued to widen. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic inequalities in health in Rome are still present at the beginning of the 21st century. Strategies to monitor the impact of SEP on mortality over time in different populations should be implemented to direct health policies.

Adolescent↗