Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Retirement”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Availability of retired persons for work: findings from the retirement history study.

The increase in the proportion of retirees in the population has given rise to concern that the financial burden on workers could become onerous. Consequently, considerable interest has developed in encouraging workers to delay retirement until age 65 and beyond. The effectiveness of programs to accomplish this objective would be enahnced by knowledge of the reasons for early retirement and the characteristics of those who have retired. On the basis of three waves of longitudinal data from the Retirement History Study, an availability measure has been constructed to provide estimates of how many recent retirees would be likely, given the opportunity, to return to work. Incorporating information on perceived income adequacy and work attitudes, the measure is applied in this article to men and women aged 62 to 67 in 1973 who had retired since 1969. An initial screening to determine those with work limitations removed half the retirees from consideration, and the measure indicates that relatively few of those remaining would have been readily available to return to work.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Pathways to retirement: patterns of labor force participation and labor market exit among the pre-retirement population by race, Hispanic origin, and sex.

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the pre-retirement labor force participation behavior of Black, White, and Hispanic men and women to determine how patterns of labor market exit differ among groups. METHODS: We combine data from the first and second waves of the Health and Retirement Study and apply multinomial logit regression techniques to model labor force status in the first wave of the HRS and change over time. RESULTS: Black, Hispanic, and female elderly persons experience more involuntary job separation in the years immediately prior to retirement, and the resulting periods of joblessness often eventuate in "retirement" or labor force withdrawal. Minority disadvantage in human capital, health, and employment characteristics accounts for a large part of racial and ethnic differences in labor force withdrawal. Nevertheless, Black men and Hispanic women experience more involuntary labor market exits than Whites with similar socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. DISCUSSION: Workers most vulnerable to labor market difficulties during their youth confront formidable obstacles maintaining their desired level of labor force attachment as they approach their golden years. This has significant policy implications for the contours of gender and race/ethnic inequality among elderly persons, particularly as life expectancy and the size of the minority elderly population continue to increase.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1995

The meaning of retirement for communally-living retired performing artists.

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive transcultural study was to explore the meaning of retirement for those older people who have lived as performing artists and who are presently sharing communal living at the Casa Verdi di Riposo, Milan, Italy. Parse's nursing theory was the conceptual framework utilized to structure objectives and interview questions. Findings showed that the meaning of retirement for these communally-living retired performing artists is the emerging of an unburdening lightness as esthetic interconnections surface the was and will-be in the now moment as the diversity of everydayness enlivens through communion-solitude while anticipating the transposing vistas of the inevitable prompts treasuring the now in confirming a perpetual artistic legacy. Findings were congruent with Parse's three major themes (meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence) and support Parse's theory of human becoming, as well as expanding the body of nursing knowledge on the phenomenon of retirement.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

Social security, age of retirement, and economic well-being: intertemporal and demographic patterns among retired-worker beneficiaries.

We examine the economic status of a sample of new recipients of social security retired-worker benefits shortly after their first receipt of benefits (1982) and 10 years later (1991). The probability that these retired-worker beneficiaries were poor or near-poor is positively and strongly associated with their acceptance of early retired-worker benefits. Early retirees, women who remained single, and women who lost their spouses experienced large declines in economic status over the decade following their first receipt of benefits. Although both women and men who first received benefits at younger ages had lower economic status than did those who became beneficiaries at older ages, this retirement age-related disadvantage increased over the decade for women but not for men.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preretired and retired women's attitudes toward retirement.

This study explored the phenomenological meanings of retirement for women and factors associated with adjustment among samples of employed and retired women. In comparing groups of preretired (N = 25) and retired (N = 30) white-collar women, no significant differences were found in overall levels of morale, adjustment, or self-esteem. Instead, correlations of various background, current status, and attitudinal variables with the measures of morale, adjustment, and self-esteem indicated that the factors associated with psychological functioning may be different before and after retirement. These data lead to the hypothesis that change does not directly affect levels of psychological functioning but, instead, cause a shifting in the content of elements or mechanisms which relate to adjustment.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Retirement behavior and retirement plan designs: strategies to retain an aging workforce.

Certain retirement and retiree health plan design features trigger different retirement behaviors among top performers and low performers and among workers of different wage levels. However, previous research has revealed little of these effects. Using a unique data set, this article shows how specific design features affect workers' retirement behavior, allowing employers to focus on those most likely to influence the most productive workers to delay retirement.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

It's time to retire. Retirement.

Companies have been so focused on down-sizing to contain costs that they've largely neglected a looming threat to their competitiveness: a severe shortage of talented workers. The general population is aging and with it, the labor pool. People are living longer, healthier lives, and the birthrate is at a historical low. During the next 15 years, 80% of the native-born workforce growth in North America--and even more in much of Western Europe--is going to be in the over-50 age cohort. When these mature workers begin to retire, there won't be nearly enough young people entering the workforce to compensate. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a shortfall of 10 million workers in the United States in 2010, and in countries where the birthrate is well below the population replacement level (particularly in Western Europe), the shortage will hit sooner, be more severe, and remain chronic. The problem won't just be a lack of bodies. Skills, knowledge, experience, and relationships walk out the door every time somebody retires--and they take time and money to replace. And while the brain drain is beginning now, the problem is going to become much more acute in the next decade or so, when baby boomers--more than one-quarter of all Americans, amounting to 76 million people--start hitting their mid sixties. Based on the results of their yearlong research project, the authors of this article offer recommendations for gaining the loyalty of older workers and creating a more flexible approach to retirement that allows people to continue contributing well into their sixties and seventies. Companies can no longer afford to think of retirement as a onetime event, permanently dividing work life from leisure.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Benefits for individual retired workers and couples now approaching retirement age.

The first article in this issue of the Bulletin provides information on women and couples who were receiving retired-worker benefits in 1976. This article updates that information, focusing on potential full retired-worker benefits earned by men and women who will be reaching retirement age in the early 1980s. It is estimated that an increasing proportion of married women will become insured for benefits in their own right. Among female workers, the highest benefits are projected for those who never married. Divorced women show the next highest benefits, widowed woman are next, and then married women. Comparisons between men and women show little difference between the average benefits for those who never married; benefits for divorced women are projected to be about 80 percent of the benefits of divorced men; retired-worker benefits for married women are 58 percent as high as those for married men. This article also gives estimates of combined benefits for couples in which both husbands and wives will be insured workers. The highest average benefits are for couples in which the wife would be dually entitled; the lowest benefits are for couples in which the wife would receive only a spouse benefit.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Retirement of senior physicians in rural Minnesota. Factors influencing physicians' plans to retire.

The demand for physicians in rural Minnesota is likely to increase significantly over the next few years. Nearly 20% of all rural physicians in Minnesota are older than age 65. This paper reports the results of a survey of rural Minnesota physicians over age 60 on their current practices and their plans for retirement. Of the 33 physicians questioned, 25 (75%) currently had plans to retire and more than half of the 25 planned to retire in the next two years. Factors that these physicians perceived as important in determining their decisions to retire or continue practice are described, and implications for the delivery of health care in rural communities are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Dental needs of pre-retirement and retired people in an inner-city area.

Perceived and normative dental needs were assessed for people of pre-retirement (55-64 years) and retirement age (65-74 years) in Camberwell, London, using a postal questionnaire and dental examination. Of the pre-retirement group, 77% were dentate compared with 65% in the older cohort. The younger age-group were more likely to believe teeth were more important and to perceive a need for dental care. People who attended for the examination were more likely to perceive a need for (64% and 15% respectively) and want treatment (39% and 17%) than non-examinees. Also, they were more likely to be unhappy with their appearance (43% and 20%) and to be in pain (42% and 21%). Treatment need was similar for both groups with regard to restorative and extraction needs. However, the retirement group were more likely to have deep periodontal pockets (33% and 8%) and a greater normative need for denture care.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Informal exchanges with non-kin among retired sunbelt migrants: a case study of a Finnish American retirement community.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined informal exchanges with non-kin among retired Sunbelt migrants, with special emphasis on the impact of ethnic enclaves in generating exchanges of instrumental assistance and emotional support among elderly European Americans. METHODS: Data were collected through interviews with four samples of elders: Finnish Americans who migrated to an ethnic retirement community in Florida; European Americans who migrated to the same community but are not part of an ethnic enclave; Finnish Americans living in an age-integrated setting in Minnesota; and retired European Americans living in the same Minnesota community. RESULTS: Migrants were less likely than elders aging-in-place to report informal exchanges with non-kin. Finnish American migrants were less likely than other European American migrants to provide instrumental assistance to non-kin but were more likely to anticipate relying on informal long-term care support, regardless of proximity to kin. There were no differences in the two migrant samples in exchanges of emotional support. DISCUSSION: Evidence regarding substitution of non-kin for geographically distant kin is mixed. Results are consistent with a strategy of "banking" support, at the community level among the Finnish American migrants and at the network level among other European American migrants.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

A follow-up study of non-retired and retired members of the Danish Carpenter/Cabinet Makers' Trade Union.

A 6 years follow-up study of mortality among Danish carpenters and cabinet makers (40 000 persons) shows an SMR of 82 in the group of non-retired and an SMR of 70 in the group of retired union members. No major causes of death except nasal cancer were significantly above the national average. Problems of methodology in using retired workers in the occupational mortality studies are discussed.

Accidents↗
PubMed1998

A five-year study comparing early retirements on medical grounds in ambulance personnel with those in other groups of health service staff. Part I: Incidences of retirements.

The objective of this study was to compare morbidity between ambulance staff and other groups of health service workers, to facilitate planning of occupational health (OH) services. A retrospective study of employees of The Eastern Health and Social Services Board, Northern Ireland was conducted. Subjects were 181 men and 353 women assessed at OH between 1988-92 and found eligible (on the basis of permanent incapacity) to apply for early retirement on medical grounds (EROMG). Ambulance personnel showed a high rate of EROMG (55.9/1,000 per annum) both compared with previous ambulance studies (5.7-22.5/1,000), and with other groups in the present study (manual 24.8/1,000, nursing 5.9/1,000 and non-manual 2.6/1,000). Indirect standardization was used to correct for age-sex differences between groups, by deriving standardized early retirement ratios (SERR). Ambulance and manual staff showed high SERRs (636, CI = 558-714 and 164, CI = 149-179), whereas nursing and non-manual staff showed low SERRs (91, CI = 75-107 and 38, CI = 25-52), (all results except that for nursing staff being significant at p < 0.001). There is evidence that ambulance staff are a group with high morbidity, and thus deserving of particular attention in terms of preventative and health promotional activities. Other issues requiring consideration in relation to ambulance staff are redeployment and lowering of the retirement age.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Higher education in retirement: The Institute for Retired Professionals.

This paper indicates the failure of our society to educate its citizens in the "worthy" use of retirement leisure. It contends that educated retirees should be offered an opportunity to function in creative, dignified and self-directed roles on university campuses. It describes the program of the Institute for Retired Professionals at The New School for Social Research in New York City, which has been functioning since 1962 and now serves as a model for a growing number of university programs for retirees. At the IRP educated retirees have found a new way of spending their retirement years in dignified roles as teachers, leaders, administrators and participants in their own inner university.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Part time work instead of early retirement: successful breakthrough for flexible and later retirement?].

In order to stop the trend towards early retirement in Germany a law to promote partial retirement recently has been passed by parliament. Concerning the impact on the labour market the raising of the pension age for older unemployed which is fixed in this law has to be seen as contraproductive and it will deteriorate the financial situation of unemployed older workers. Concerning the implementation of partial-retirement as such, there are momentous obstacles to realize part-time working arrangements in practice: the insufficient financial compensation for older workers and the obligation for employers to hire unemployed workers. Supplementary collective agreements are seen to be necessary to establish part-time work for older workers.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Do occupational physicians agree about ill-health retiral? A study of simulated retirement assessments.

A questionnaire survey on simulated ill-health retirement decisions was performed at a scientific conference for local authority medical advisers. Respondents were asked to make decisions based on ten case scenarios drawn from real life. The overall agreement amongst 35 physicians was low, with a kappa statistic of 0.241. There were wide variations amongst respondents, with two physicians accepting all ten cases for retirement while another accepted only one. The survey suggests that there is great potential for inconsistency and inequity in such decisions. An improvement in agreement between physicians might be achieved by training, consensus guidelines and audit. This issue should be addressed by occupational physicians and trustees of superannuation schemes.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed1989

[Impact of social and health factors in the forecast of work activity of female workers of pre-retirement and retirement age receiving social benefits].

On the basis of a complex social and hygienic study along with the use of modern mathematical statistical methods the role of working and living conditions and health status of female workers having social benefits at chemical fibre production plants was demonstrated within the forecast of their labour activity when retired. Social factors, such as material remuneration and working conditions, were of primary importance in labour forecast for female workers before their retirement. Favourable working conditions and average material security level could ameliorate the labour forecast more than by 4 times.

Aged↗