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PubMedDate not supplied

[The significance of respiration disorders in the development of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with cancer of the stomach].

Complex postoperative examination of the respiratory system in patients with gastric cancer made it possible to compare the results of respiratory function and pulmonary mechanics testing with the course of the postoperative period. The effect of bronchopulmonary system function on the onset of postoperative respiratory complications has been established.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical forms of respiration disorders in newborn infants].

Ventilatory disturbances are the most often cause of death in neonates. The study was carried out on 80 neonates, treated in the intensive care unit. In all during the first 48 hours the following symptoms occurred: tachypnoea (above 60 per minute), cyanosis, retraction of the intercostal muscles, expiratory disturbances. Diagnosis of clinical forms of ventilatory disturbances was made basing on Hjalmarson's criteria. The results of this study imply that the most often seen form of ventilatory disturbances in neonates in the hyaline membrane disease--found in 45% of the cases. The highest mortality (75%) was seen in the meconium aspiration syndrome.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

[Nasal CPAP in sleep-related respiration disorders: patient profile, therapy compliance and influence of gas exchange and lung function pattern].

A survey performed in 100 CPAP users indicated that irritation of the face, a painful nose and nasal obstruction were among the most frequently mentioned complaints in chronic CPAP users. In 132 normocapnic SAS patients a significant improvement of PaO2 was shown, with a decrease of the alveolo-arterial oxygen difference. This improved gas exchange was parallelled by a significant increase in the FRC and TLC. Maybe a modulation in force of the respiratory muscles may be involved. These data were more pronounced in obstructive sleep apnea than in central sleep apnea. In 50 chronic CPAP users we could show a lower AHI immediately after CPAP withdrawal after a previous prolonged treatment. These findings may support the insufflation theory as a mechanism of action of CPAP. Traditionally, mechanical splinting of the upper airway has been considered as the dominant mechanism of action. Other mechanisms like changes in regulation of breathing and decrease of the pharyngeal edema may be involved as well.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1986

[Chronic obstructive respiration disorders imaged by inhalation scintigraphy. Differential diagnosis and early detection using radio-aerosols].

Inhalation radioaerosol lung imaging was performed in 86 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and in 45 asymptomatic smokers with small airways dysfunction. Within certain limits analysis of abnormal aerosol scans helped distinguish emphysematous from brochitic and asthmatic types of disease. Patients with asthma often responded to bronchodilator treatment and abnormal aerosol images reverted to near normal patterns. Besides a slight aerosol distribution inhomogeneity in the lung periphery, patients with small airways dysfunction showed significant hypodeposition of inhaled particles distal to the ciliated airways. Compared with small airways dysfunction, COLD was associated with an even more decreased aerosol penetrance to the alveoli.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Obstructive respiration disorders. An aneurysm of the ventilator tubing during general anesthesia].

Technical problems during anaesthesia are important causes of anaesthesia-related deaths and brain damage. During general endotracheal anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery (41-year-old man, ASA 1) we observed an increase in inspiratory pressure without other clinical changes. Disconnection and ventilation with a resuscitation bag showed normal inspiratory pressures. Inspection demonstrated an obstruction due to an aneurysm of the inner layer of the inspiratory tubing. The classification of this rare blockage of ventilation differs in the literature (pressure, hypoventilation, hypercarbia). In addition, it demonstrates the principal problem of clinical decision-making during anaesthesia based on monitoring information. Strategies for responding to alarms indicating hazards of ventilation must be based on immediate restoration of sufficient ventilation, and not primarily on detecting the cause.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Obstructive respiration disorders during sleep and disorders of cardiac rhythm].

AIM: To investigate the impact of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) on circadian profile of cardiac arrhythmia in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and to determine clinical markers of OSA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 52 patients (31 males, 21 females, body mass index 30.5 +/- 5.8 kg/m2) with IHD admitted to hospital for ventricular extrasystole and paroxysmal cardiac fibrillation filled in questionnaires, were examined anthropometrically, with nocturnal cardiorespiration and holter monitoring. Cluster and correlation-regression mathematical analyses of the findings were made. RESULTS: OSA was detected in 42 (80.8%) patients. Patients with primarily nocturnal arrhythmia, compared to those with diurnal arrhythmia had a significantly higher index apnea/hypopnea (29.2 and 21.5 vs 4.4, respectively), more pronounced fall in saturation (12.9 and 9.4% vs 4.9%, respectively) and lower body mass index. In 12 (23%) patients arrhythmia arose in parallel with episodes of sleep apnea/hypopnea. Mathematical analysis determined the following clinical markers of sleep respiratory disorders: regular intensive nocturnal snoring, body mass index > 25 kg/m2 and diurnal drowsiness > 15 scores by Epworth scale. CONCLUSION: ORDS may provoke cardiac arrhythmia in patients with IHD.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Risk of accidents in patients with nocturnal respiration disorders].

Excessive daytime sleepiness is one of the main symptoms of sleep apnoea, which can, especially in monotonous situations, lead to real nodding off. Since driving a motor vehicle can also be monotonous, patients suffering from untreated sleep apnoea may be a possible traffic risk. Before undergoing a polysomnographic examination, 123 patients filled in a questionnaire inquiring about fatigue and sleepiness while driving a vehicle as well as accidents during the past three years. Five groups were formed according to severity of sleep apnoea. Right through these groups, the increase in heavy fatigue during driving (median) was significant: from "seldom" (AI less than 5) via "sometimes" to "often" (AI greater than or equal to 35). Occurrences of short periods of falling asleep (means) were practically not reported (0.02) by the group without sleep apnoea but increased considerably to 3.37 times per 1000 km for the group with an AI greater than or equal to 35. The frequency of accidents due to sleepiness rises significantly in concurrence with the seriousness of sleep apnoea. Besides, patients with an AI greater than or equal to 5 attribute 23 out of 28 accidents to sleepiness, whereas patients without sleep apnoea attribute all four accidents to other reasons (p = .0035). These findings emphasise the importance of an early diagnosis and effective therapy of sleep apnoea - which is available as nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (nCPAP). Sleep medicine can thus not only help patients suffering from sleep apnoea but may also reduce the health risk of other traffic participants and be cost-saving.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Frequency of childhood asthma in various Italian regions. Results from ISAAC. Collaborating group of ISRDCE (Italian Studies of Respiration Disorders in Childhood and the Environment)].

In the framework of ISAAC-International Studies on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood--the SIDRIA collaborative project--Studi Italiani sui Disturbi Respiratori nell'Infanzia e l'Ambiente--was established in order to estimate the prevalence of asthma, rinithis and eczema in ten geographic areas in Italy. Data collection spanned from October 1994 to March 1995. Overall 18,737 children 6-7 years old in the primary schools and 21,846 adolescents 13-14 years old in the secondary schools entered the study. The parents of pupils in both age groups filled in standardised questionnaires at home; furthermore both a traditional and a video questionnaire was administered at school to the adolescents. The overall response rate was 96.3%. Based on the interviews to the parents a prevalence of asthma of 9.0% in both age groups was estimated, with the lowest values in Cremona (4.6% children; 6.2% adolescents) and the highest in Roma (11.1% children; 10.4% adolescents). Parents also reported a higher prevalence of wheezing (7.7%) and dyspnea (5.3%) in the last year among children than among adolescents (4.7% and 3.4% respectively). Through the direct interview of the adolescents higher prevalence of asthma (10.4%), wheezing (10.3%) and dyspnea (7.8%) were estimated. Within a narrow range of variability, the reported prevalence of asthma and asthmatic symptoms in Trento and Cremona were the lowest and those in Roma, Empoli and Siena the highest. Nor an urban-rural neither a north-south gradient was detected. A higher prevalence of the same disorders was observed among females than males in the youngest age group, but this difference was no more evident among the adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Frequency of risk factors in bronchial asthma in various regions of Italy. Collaborating group ISRDCE (Italian Studies of Respiration Disorders in Childhood and the Environment)].

Many risk factors, both individual and environmental, are associated to asthma. In this paper the frequency distribution of various asthma risk factors in different geographical areas in Italy is provided. Data come from S.I.D.R.I.A.--Italian Studies on Respiratory Disorders in Childhood and the Environment--a collaborative research project which involved 18,737 children in the first two levels of primary school and 21,410 adolescents in the third class of the secondary school. The study population was distributed in ten areas in Central and North Italy with different geographic, environmental and demographic conditions. Information was provided by the parents of the children in the primary school and by both parents and adolescents in the secondary school through ad hoc questionnaires; the response rate was very high (94.4%). Risk factors are unevenly distributed in the study areas. The prevalence of bronchitis in the first two years of life is 18.1% in Siena but it is 31.3% in Cremona; the frequency of moquette in the bed room range from 8.6% in Viterbo to 29.8% in Trento as well as the presence of a cat in the house in the first two years of life involves 7.4% of study subjects in Roma and 21.2% in Siena. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is quite infrequent in Empoli (8.1%) but much more common in Milano (17.7%). In Trento 6.3% of the study subjects live in a house facing a busy road whilst in Milano the same proportion is 30.5%. Reported differences can be of value in promoting and evaluating asthma prevention programs.

Adolescent↗