Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Reproductive disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mitosis pathology in experimental measles infection].

Experiments in monkeys, puppies, and guinea pigs showed both virulent and vaccine strains of measles virus to produce disorders in the reproductive apparatus of cells of the immunocompetent organs. The qualitative analysis of the pathological forms of mitosis abnormalities revealed mainly two types of the structural disorders of division: lethal forms and moderate forms not lethal for the cell. Virulent strains are characterized by predominance of lethal forms of pathology, vaccine strains by moderate lesions which are the source of mutations. In selection of prospective vaccine strains, their capacity to induce non-lethal forms of mitosis abnormalities should be taken into consideration.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Conception of female rats and litter mortality due to Mn-deficiency].

Sexually mature, female rats were fed an Mn-deficient (1.0 ppm) diet on saccharose/casein basis and studied for their reproductive behaviour. Cycle disorders as sometimes described of females depleted over a longer period, were not observed in any case. Although the experimental animals showed a normal estrus, only 50% of the rats conceived. The rats that had become pregnant produced litters of 2 to 11 animals born alive. However, their mortality was 80%. They died either immediately after birth or during the first days post partum.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2026

A Risk Score for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Meta-Analysis and Machine Learning of Gut Microbiota Signatures.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder among reproductive-age women, in which emerging evidence suggests a substantial role played by the gut microbiota. To comprehensively evaluate gut microbiota alterations in PCOS and identify microbial biomarkers through integrated analysis, a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted for studies employing 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples from PCOS cohorts. Ten eligible PCOS cohorts, comprising 858 individuals, were included in the study, from which a risk score was derived using a 20-gene gut microbial signature associated with PCOS. Meta-analysis at the genus level identified that Subdoligranulum, NK4A214_group, and Collinsella significantly decreased, and Bacteroides increased in PCOS across multiple cohorts. Machine learning analysis identified a 20-genus microbial signature using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method, which was used to construct a risk score with an AUC of 0.835 in diagnosis prediction. Network analysis further identified Negativibacillus and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010 as potential driver microbes in PCOS. The analysis in this study highlights key alterations in the gut microbiota across PCOS cohorts. The identified gut microbial signature and derived LASSO-based risk model offer novel insights and a potential tool for PCOS diagnosis.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome↗
PubMed2025

CRISPR as a Tool to Uncover Gene Function in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review of Experimental Models Targeting Ovarian and Metabolic Genes.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder characterized by reproductive abnormalities such as hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology, and is frequently accompanied by metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidemia. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several susceptibility loci, yet little is known about their functional implications. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) has emerged as a powerful gene editing tool in bridging this gap by allowing researchers to directly target candidate genes in ovarian and metabolic pathways. For instance, experimental models have highlighted the role of CYP17A1 and DENND1A.V2 in androgen excess, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in follicular arrest, and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and PPARγ in insulin signaling and adipogenesis. To highlight the multifactorial nature of PCOS, animal models, including zebrafish and rodents, have been used to reveal interactions between reproductive and metabolic phenotypes. Nevertheless, most studies remain restricted to single-gene models, and dual-gene models or combined gene editing and hormonal induction models remain underexplored. Future research integrating precision editing, multi-omic platforms, and patient-derived organoids may provide more accurate disease models and novel therapeutic strategies.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome↗
PubMed1976

The buccal smear: Reassessment of its usefulness.

Over a 7-year period 43 patients who underwent sex-chromatin and cytogenetic studies in the investigation of a disorder related to reproductive function were found to have abnormalities of the sex or autosomal chromosomes that could not have been detected by routine buccal smear. Therefore, testing for sex chromatin is of no value to the clinician, because full chromosome analysis must be performed irrespective of the findings from the buccal smear. However, the sex-chromatin test is an aid to the cytogeneticist in interpreting the chromosome analysis. In addition to those with amenorrhea and oligospermia or aspermia, persons with hypospadius and those to be treated with fertility drugs should undergo cytogenetic studies.

Cheek↗
PubMed2025

Gut microbiota: a hidden player in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects reproductive-aged women worldwide, causing hormonal imbalances and ovarian dysfunction. PCOS affects metabolic health and increases the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to infertility. This review delves deeper into the connections of gut microbiota with PCOS pathophysiology, particularly into its impact on hormone metabolism, obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance by way of short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, and gut-brain axis. Studies also show that changes in the metabolic processes and immune responses are seen in changes in the gut microbiota in PCOS subjects, such as changes in the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes groups. Some bacteria, like Escherichia and Shigella, have been associated with dysbiosis in patients with PCOS, leading to systemic inflammation and changed hormone levels, which further worsen the clinical symptoms. Therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota comprise probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation; these have potential to alleviate the symptoms of PCOS. Other precision microbiome-based therapies include postbiotics, and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, which are relatively new avenues toward precision treatment. This complex interlink of gut microbiota and PCOS pathophysiology will open the avenues for possible treatments for hormonal imbalances and metabolic problems that characterize these complex disorders. The review here focuses on the requirement of further studies to be able to elucidate the specific pathways relating gut microbiota dysregulation to PCOS and, thus, improve microbiome-based therapies for better clinical outcomes in affected individuals.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Forensic psychiatric aspects of sterilization].

How great the risk is that important and long-lasting psychic disturbances persist after sterilization cannot be forecast with certainty, even today. Increased susceptibility to abnormal psychic reactions and developments after sterilization is to be contemplated with certain personalities with overconscientious, asthenic or depressive traits. It is usually a matter of internal conflict situations at the level of self-esteem which, however, depend not only on the initial personality, but to a large extent are repeatedly reactualized through the behavior and reaction of the persons in the environment, so that finally mental developments arise which reach into the abnormal. This risk must be included in the calculation when making the indication and requires particular attention, because the legal effectiveness of the consent to sterilization is also dependent on the completeness of the advice on the consequences of this surgical operation.

Female↗
PubMed1976

The Stein-Leventhal syndrome: a neuropituitary disorder.

Hypothalamic and pituitary gonadotropin function and responsiveness in four patients with well-documented Stein-Leventhal syndrome were studied. All patients were of reproductive age and had had menstrual disorders since menarche. Estrogen production was assessed by measuring the circulating levels of immunoreactive estradiol, by vaginal smears, and by the progestogen-induced menses test. Gonadotropin function was evaluated by measuring the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in blood samples obtained at 15-minute intervals for 150 minutes. Pituitary gonadotropin reserve and responsiveness were studied by giving an intravenous bolus of synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and measuring the circulating gonadotropin levels before and after the injection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

On the birth of an infant with sickle cell anemia.

This is the first report in the English literature of the birth of an obligate SS infant whose parents both had sickle cell anemia. The young adult SS parents of this infant and their families did not wish to prevent the birth of this child but had, in fact, many positive reasons to continue the pregnancy to term even in the face of the increased personal risk of pregnancy for this mother. This unusual circumstance initiated a re-appraisal of the realistic expectations with respect to reproduction in patients with homozygous recessive genetic disorders. No definitive studies could be found which attempted to evaluate the influence of genetic counseling on reproductive behavior in patients with sickle cell anemia. The questions raised about the 'right to reproduce' and the realistic aims of genetic counseling in adult homozygote patients have been discussed. However, no conclusions seem warranted because of the paucity of available information.

Adult↗