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PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of metal salts for radioprotection of plants during radioactive pollution of the territory].

The applying salts of some metals to radionuclide contaminated soddy-podzolic soil in the zone of Chernobyl nuclear power station or the spraying of plants by its solutions are showing the radioprotective effect (salts of iron, zinc, cobalt and manganese) and decreasing the uptake of 90Sr and 137Cs through roots (salts of zinc, manganese, boron, lithium, cobalt and copper).

Chlorides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tree-ring strontium-90 and cesium-137 as potential indicators of radioactive pollution.

To examine whether tree rings can be used to detect or assess local historical 90Sr or 137Cs fallout, such as that resulting from the Hiroshima atomic bomb, radial distribution of 90Sr and 137Cs in trees was examined. We studied a gymnosperm [Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don] and an angiosperm (Japanese persimmon, Diospyros kaki Thunb.) tree species from the vicinity of the atomic bomb hypocenter, and from other locations in Japan. A significant amount of 137Cs was detected in tree rings formed before 1945, indicating lateral migration of Cs. In contrast, the specific activity of 90Sr in the Hiroshima Japanese cedar showed the highest level in 1945, due to relatively immobile characteristics of Sr compared with Cs. Strontium-90 and Sr analyses in tree rings helped identify and distinguish between residual 90Sr activity from the Hiroshima atomic bomb and the atmospheric nuclear testing. This indicates the possibility of detecting or assessing previous local 90Sr pollution through with treering analysis.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed2001

[Children's health in zone of radioactive pollution caused by the Chernobyl accident].

The Chernobyl accident led to contamination of vast territories of Russia by man-made radionuclides. One of such regions is the Tula region. For realization of programs aimed at alleviation of the accident consequences, medical and sanitary measures were taken, including many-year monitoring of radiation pollution in the region and health status of various population groups, primarily children. Complex studies were carried out, making use of radiation, sociohygienic, epidemiological, psychophysiological, anthropometric, clinical laboratory, cytogenetic, immunological, and other methods. Dynamic examinations of children of different age demonstrated that radioactive precipitations at a density of 5-15 Ci/m2 did not directly affect children's health; however essential deviations in the health status, such as changes in morbidity, physical development, and incidence of immunodeficiencies have been revealed. The authors consider that realization of health protection programs should concern primarily children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The possibility of using the method of neutron activation radiography to detect micro-quantities of environmental radioactive pollutants].

A method of neutron-activation radiography was employed to investigate U distribution in leaves of plants (poplars, birches), growing in areas of mining ores with a high level of U which penetrates plants from the soil via the root system and appears on the surface of leaves, repeating their macrostructure. U also falls out on the surface of leaves in radioactive dust. The shapes of U manifestation permit the identification of its routes of penetration of the leaves of plants. Local U concentration even in an insignificant total excess of a radiation background can be considerable, leading to the destruction of tissues of plants as a result of alpha-radiation of U nuclei. A conclusion has been made of the danger of contamination of agricultural plants, growing in areas with ecological problems.

Mining↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Consequences of radioactive pollution of forests in the zone affected by the accident at the Chernobyl power plant].

The effect of forests on the radionuclide primary distribution in different components of the contaminated ecosystems is considered by the example of Chernobyl accident. A basic mathematical model is developed describing 137Cs biogeochemical cycling under conditions of quasi-steady state radionuclide redistribution in the ecosystem. The radionuclide fluxes between different ecosystem components are estimated. Forest ecosystems are proved to diminish radionuclide migration in the environment, and forest should be regarded as an important sanitary factor. The contribution of contaminated forests and forest products to the total irradiation dose to local population is estimated. Special countermeasures are elaborated in order to diminish unfavorable consequences of forest radioactive contamination. A long-term dynamics of radioactive situation in the forest ecosystems is forecasted and further studies on the subject are drafted.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Accumulation of 90Sr in field crops in conditions of radioactive pollution of agricultural lands].

In the field experiment the influence of manure, peat, lake silt and their combinations on the uptake of 90Sr by barley, corn and potatoes was studied. Saturation of soil with organic substance, the decrease in soil acidity resulted in the lower accumulation of 90Sr by plants. In the beginning of the experiment, the specific activity of barley grain was from 75 to 132 Bq/kg. After three years of application of fertilizers the content of 90Sr in the barley grain decreased to 39 Bq/kg. There were no increase in 90Sr accumulation by the basic field crops with time.

Crops, Agricultural↗
PubMed1978

Radioactive pollutant determinations using gamma-ray spectroscopy.

Qualitative and quantitative determination of radionuclide contamination in environmental samples is often complicated by the presence of uranium- and thorium-series radioelements as well as 40K. High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy with lithium-drifted germanium detectors provides a method for the determination of man-made radio-nuclide contaminants in many matrices with a minimum of chemical separation. Methods have been studied for increasing the efficiency of such determinations by using large samples in reentrant beakers ("Merinelli beakers") and small samples inside the well of a recently developed Ge(Li) well detector. Specific examples for the determination of 129I(16 m.y. half-life) in the well detector and recent fall-out in grass samples are presented.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of a preparation of natural origin to attenuate biological effects under conditions of radioactive pollution and in a radiobiological experiment].

The experiments in animals exposed in the area of increased radiation level around the Chernobyl NPP and the observational data on laringosyndrom and peripheral blood pattern of the people, who worked at the Chernobyl NPP in 1986-1987, have shown that it is possible to use some biogenic preparations (e.g. MIGI-K) for protection under chronic exposure to natural and technogenous ionizing radiation. MIGI-K preparation effectively enhances radioresistance as well as general resistance of the organism. It has important positive characteristics: it is non-toxic, there are no side effects and contra-indications for its peroral use as a nutriceutic, it has no mutagenic properties, it has not only radioprophylactic but also radiotherapeutic activity and pronounced cancerostatic activity. It is also important that MIGI-K has long-term effects on the organism resistance (up to 2 weeks after the ending of its month course), enhances the endogenous background of radioresistance, shows hemoregulatory effects, intensifies radionuclide efflux from organism. It can be stored under room temperature for several months without the loss of its activity. The data mentioned above let us to conclude that MIGI-K is adaptogenous preparation with wide spectrum of activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The GIS-based SafeAirView software for the concentration assessment of radioactive pollutants after an accidental release.

The European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Ispra (Italy) has long been running nuclear installations for research purposes. The Nuclear Decommissioning and Facilities Management Unit (NDFM) is responsible for the surveillance of radioactivity levels in nuclear emergency conditions. The NDFM Unit has commissioned the implementation of a specifically developed decision support system, which can be used for quick emergency evaluation in the case of hypothetical accident and for emergency exercises. The requisites were to be a user-friendly software, able to quickly calculate and display values of air and ground radioactive contamination in the complex area around JRC, following an accidental release of radioactive substances from a JRC nuclear research installation. The developed software, named "SafeAirView", is an advanced implementation of GIS technology applied to an existing MS-DOS mode dispersion model, SAFE_AIR (Simulation of Air pollution From Emissions_Above Inhomogeneous Regions). SAFE_AIR is a numerical model which simulates transport, diffusion, and deposition of airborne pollutants emitted in the low atmosphere above complex orography at both local and regional scale, under non-stationary and inhomogeneous emission and meteorological conditions. SafeAirView makes use of user-friendly MS-Windows type interface which drives the dispersion model by a sequential and continuous input-output process, allowing a real time simulation. The GIS environment allows a direct interaction with the territory elements in which the simulation takes place, using data for the JRC Ispra region represented in geo-referenced cartography. Furthermore it offers the possibility to relate concentrations with population distribution and other geo-referenced maps, in a geographic view. Output concentration and deposition patterns can be plotted and/or exported. In spite of the selected specific databases, the SafeAirView software architecture is a general structure, therefore the decision support system could be easily modified to be applied in a region different from the JRC one. Beside the description of SafeAirView, the present paper presents a statistical evaluation of the software, which has considered three well known tracer experiments: Copenhagen, Indianapolis and Kincaid. The data sets related to these experiments are all included in the so called Model Validation Kit.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗