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PubMed1981

[Value of roentgenologic methods in the T-category determination of prostatic cancer].

On the basis of a complex roentgenologically diagnosed series of patients with carcinoma of the prostate a valuation of individual roentgenologic methods (excretion urogramme, urethrocystogramme, miction urogramme, vesiculogramme, cavernosogramme) for the T-determination are carried out. Here the standard programme of the UICC (1978) is confirmed, in which case the vesiculogramme additionally must be used in provided curative therapy. Additional roentgenologic methods are reserved to individual questionings. It is referred to a differentiated judgment of the category T3.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[Roentgenological follow-up of Lord-type cementless total hip arthroplasty].

The Lord-type cementless total hip arthroplasty has been employed for 240 hips involving 205 patients from 1979 to 1993. During this period, the following four types of prostheses were used incorporating the design changes suggested by Lord: Madréporique, Mark II, Polarisée and L. F. R. Postoperative roentgenological analysis was performed on 172 hips followed up for longer than one year. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship rating method was used for the assessment. With respect to the femoral component, intramedullary bone formation and cortical hypertrophy occurred mainly at zones 3, 4 and/or 5 (in 20%), while focal osteolysis occurred at zones 1 and 7 (2-6%). This was attributed to stress shielding in the long straight Lord stem. Radiolucent line around the femoral component (zone 1 through 7) was seen in 13 hips (7.6%), 8 of which showed definite subsidence and, consequently, 7 of these were revised. The five-and ten-year roentgenological survivorships of the Madréporique type stem were 100% and 92.8%, respectively. With respect to the acetabular component, a radiolucent line around the ring (zone I through III) was observed in 32 hips, 28 of which showed definite migration after two to nine-and-a-half years (average five years and nine months), for which 15 hips required revision. The five-and ten-year roentgenological survivorships of the acetabular component were 95.3% and 83.7%, respectively. The selection of a cemented rather than a cementless total hip arthroplasty has continued to be a subject of debate till the present. In our 14 year of experience using the Lord-type cementless prostheses, the Madréporique stem yielded satisfactory results, but the screw-in type ring acetabular component could be improved.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Systems approach to the development of equipment provision for roentgenological research].

A systemic approach to the X-ray out fits allowed 3 levels of the roentgen-diagnostic process to be singled out, viz. the lower with the data the data "normally--anormality", the medium, with a tentative conclusion and the highest, with an authentic diagnosis at the output end. The levels may be characterized by formulas reflecting the number of inputs, processes (methods) and outputs. The optimal roentgenological facilities should be in keeping with the diagnostic levels formulas. The prospects for improving the facilities involve a systemic approach to the development of equipment and an integration on this basis of the investigation methods, both horizontally (within the framework of roentgenology) and vertically (outside roentgenology).

Electrodiagnosis↗
PubMed1997

[Acoustic and roentgenologic classification of gallstones and effectiveness of lithotripsy].

The influence of chemical and physical properties of gallstones on the effectiveness of extracorporeal lithotripsy (ECLT) was studied to work out the selection criteria for this procedure. 1020 patients with calculous cholecystitis have been examined. The acoustic and roentgenologic classification of gallstones was worked out on the basis of acoustic properties and X-ray transparency of gallstones. 5 types of acoustic and roentgenologic types of gallstones were distinguished. The effectiveness of ECLT in different types of gallstones was evaluated. Acoustic and roentgenologic properties of a gallstone appeared to be very important factor of the effectiveness of ECLT. In 1st type of gallstone the effectiveness of ECLT was 97%, in 2d type--89%, in 3d type--35%, in 4th type--42% and in 5th type--0%. The selection criteria for ECLT were formulated on the basis of a gallstone type, functional status of the gallbladder, the number and size of the concrements. The use of the mentioned above criteria made it possible to increase effectiveness of ECLT for more than 20%.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1998

[Roentgenological examination of stomach after pancreatoduodenectomy].

High frequency of complications after pancreatoduodenal resections dictates the necessity to study causes of their origin. This paper provides the results of roentgenologic examinations in early and late postoperative periods in 24 patients who underwent classic pancreatoduodenal resection by Whipple and in 23 patients after pylorus saving pancreatoduodenal resection--operation by Traverzo-Longmire. Conventional method of roentgenologic examination of the operated stomach was used. In early postoperative period disturbances of motor-evacuatory function of upper parts of gastrointestinal tract were revealed in 50% of patients in any modification of pancreatoduodenal resection. In most cases slowering down of the evacuation up to complete gastrostasis was observed. But in long-term follow-up functional results after pancreatoduodenal resection according to x-ray examination data were much better after operation by Traverzo-Longmire (75% patients) than after classic version by Whipple (37% patients). Thus, the results of roentgenologic examination showed that pylorus saving version of pancreatoduodenal resection provides optimal conditions for normal activities of the saved organ.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1998

[Roentgenological diagnosis of pulmonary mycobacteriosis].

For appropriate approach to diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, it is necessary to understand the pathological processes from primary infection and acquisition of cellular immunity to reactivation, progression and cure of the tuberculous lesions. The outlines for roentgenological diagnosis are reviewed, which are the process of primary infection and cure after acquisition of cellular immunity, the process of reactivation and progress of postprimary pulmonary tuberculosis, and roentgenological characteristics of primary and postprimary pulmonary tuberculosis. The outlines of roentgenological aspects of pulmonary mycobacteriosis due to M. avium complex and M. kansasii are reviewed, which are increasing in Japan.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Photodynamic therapy and/or external beam radiation therapy for roentgenologically occult lung cancer.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Thirty-nine roentgenologically occult lung cancers in 29 patients were treated using photodynamic therapy (PDT) and/or thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) from January 1986 to March 1992. With the exception of one mixed-tumor case, all were squamous cell carcinomas. RESULTS: Initial PDT achieved complete responses in 25 of 39 (64%) of the cancers. Of the remaining 14 cancers that showed less than complete response (CR), 10 of the 14 (71.4%) showed a CR when subsequently treated with TRT, yielding an overall CR rate of 89.7% for cancers treated. Although nine patients experienced recurrences, six of these had CR when treated with PDT and/or TRT. To date, 22 patients are alive. Causes of death in the patients enrolled in this study are as follows: pyothorax (2); heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension (1); chronic respiratory insufficiency (1); subsequent primary brain cancer (1); and subsequent primary lung cancer (1). Only one died of primary lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that PDT and/or TRT may be used as an alternative to surgery in the treatment of selected patients with roentgenologically occult lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The continent ileostomy (Kock pouch): roentgenologic features.

The principles of construction of a continent ileostomy by means of a reservoir as originally described by Kock are reviewed. Roentgenologic studies in 5 patients with such reservoirs are described. There may be a correlation of incontinence with peristaltic activity as well as nipple valve extrusion. The radiologic features are explained in terms of the anatomy of the reservoirs. One patient with postoperative ileitis is described. Roentgenologic studies may be of particular value to the surgeon in follow-up of these patients by demonstration of postoperative nipple valve extrusion and inflammatory changes in the pouch or remaining small intestine.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hypertrophic hepatic osteoarthropathy. Clinical, roentgenologic, biochemical, hormonal and cardiorespiratory studies, and review of the literature.

Twenty patients with biopsy proved liver disease, and roentgenologic features of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy have been studied, and the literature has been reviewed. The syndrome is a rare association of many chronic liver diseases, including primary biliary cirrhosis, bile duct carcinoma, benign bile duct stricture, chronic active hepatitis, posthepatitic cirrhosis and alcoholic cirrhosis. Patients may be asymptomatic, although bone pain, arthralgia or arthritis may be presenting symptoms. Ninety per cent of the patients are clinical jaundiced at the time of diagnosis, and 95 per cent have digital clubbing. The distal tibia and fibula are the first bones to become involved, although wrist, foot bones, femurs, hand bones and humeri may be affected in order of frequency. There is no correlation between the presence of esophageal varices or surgical portacaval shunts and the extent of the syndrome, neither is there a correlation with the degree of liver function impairment. Serum calcium and phosphate levels are normal, as is urinary hydroxyproline and estrogen excretion. There was no evidence to implicate elevated levels of growth hormone or overdosage of vitamin A. Although the majority of patients tested had mild arterial hypoxemia, increased cardiac output and evidence of right to left shunting, these were also present in disease-matched control subjects without osteoarthropathy. For screening purposes, patients with chronic liver disease and clubbing should have roentgenologic studies of the lower tibias and fibulas, to select those patients suitable for a more extensive skeletal survey.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Polysegmental andersson lesion in ankylosing spondylitis (roentgenological-histological synopsis) (author's transl)].

Basing on roentgenological observation of the course of the disease, and on postmortem examination, of a patient with polysegmental Andersson lesions (known as spondylodiscitis) in ankylosing spondylitis, the article reports on the histological and often also clinico-roentgenological possibility of differentiating between an inflammatory and non-inflammatory type of this destructive lesion. The non-inflammatory type of Andersson lesion reflects a fracture due to fatigue, or its sequel, eg pseudarthrosis, in the stiffened axial skeleton. In this particular patient, renal osteopathy had favoured the genesis of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mineral analysis of roentgenologically defined calcifications in patients with chronic calcifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff].

AIM: Extracorporeal shockwave application (ESWA) is in clinical use to promote disintegration of symptomatic calcifications of the rotator cuff of the shoulder. However, disintegration of roentgenologically comparable calcifications of the rotator cuff is not always successfull. It is known from urologic stone lithotripsy that the susceptibility for disintegration of stone-like concrements depends on their mineral content. Therefore, in the present investigation the relative contents of calcium and phosphorus in rotator cuff calcifications were determined. METHOD: 39 surgically removed rotator cuff calcifications were analyzed by means of atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS: The relative content of calcium of the rotator cuff calcifications was found to be 22.3 % +/- 5.7 % (mean +/- SD; 6.8 % - 32.4 %), that of phosphorus as 10.5 % +/- 2.4 % (2.7 % - 14.4 %). The data neither depend on the gender of the patients nor on their age at the time point of surgical removal of the rotator cuff calcifications. CONCLUSION: Roentgenologically comparable calcifications of the rotator cuff demonstrated distinct individual differences concerning the relative contents of calcium and phosphorus. The present results may serve as the first indication that the susceptibility of rotator cuff calcifications for disintegration may depend on their relative contents of calcium and phosphorus.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The effects of long-term intake of restricted calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin E and cadmium-added diets on various organs and bones of mice: a histological and the roentgenological study].

The toxic effects of long-term administration of cadmium (Cd) on the kidneys, liver, and hind leg bones were studied histologically and roentgenologically in 29-day-old female ICR-strain mice separated into groups variously fed 1) a commercial (calcium [1.17%], vitamin D [220IU/100g], vitamin E [10mg/100g]) diet, 2) a low Ca (0.18% diet, 3) a low Ca and low D (50IU/100g) diet, and 4) a low Ca, low D and low E (5mg/100g) diet. Though the levels of vitamin D and vitamin E were designed to be low in each diet, their amounts fulfilled the nutritional requirements. Three subgroups in each category were fed Cd at dietary concentrations of 0, 20 or 40 ppm. After 12, 18 or 24 months on these diets the mice were sacrificed. 1) In the groups fed the commercial diet containing Cd, prominent swelling of the glomerulus and thickening of the basement membrane of glomerulus were observed. This did not occur in the groups fed the commercial diet without Cd. 2) In the groups fed the Cd-added low-Ca diet the following findings were more prominent compared with the low-Ca diet group. In the kidneys, swelling of the glomerulus, hyaline casts in tubular lumina and cellular infiltration of the interstitial tissue were present. In the liver, cellular infiltration on the interstitial tissue were present. In the liver, cellular infiltration of the interstitial tissue occurred. In the hind leg bones, thinning of trabeculae and ossification of the Achilles's tendon were seen. 3) In the Cd-added low-Ca, D diet groups, there was atrophy of glomerulus, thickening of basement membrane of glomerulus, and atrophy of tubular epithelial cells in the kidneys, while in the liver, binuclate cells, anisonucleosis and enlargement of Kupffer cells were seen. In the hind leg bones, thinning of the cortex and trabeculae were present. All of these findings were more prominent in this group than in the low-Ca, group. 4) In the Cd-added low-Ca, D, E, diet groups subjects the following findings were more prominent than in the low-Ca, D, E, diet group. In the kidneys, there was swelling of glomerulus and in the liver, there were binuclate cells, anisonucleosis, and cellular infiltration into interstitial tissue. In the hind leg bones, thinning of the cortex and trabeculae, a decrease of cartilage cells and a decrease of osteocytes were seen. These histological and roentgenological changes were seen to increase in a dose-dependent manner with the amount of dietary Cd.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The roentgenologic investigation of congenital subglottic stenosis.

Congenital subglottic stenosis, which is life-threatening to the infant, can be diagnosed by the correlation of the clinical and the roentgenologic findings. The main clinical sign is the persistence of stridor from birth. The indicative roentgenologic finding is a symmetrical narrowing of the subglottic segment which is constant in form and length during the various phases of the respiratory cycle. Two cases are presented, one confirmed by postmortem examination and the other by endoscopy. The etiology of this condition and the differential diagnosis are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Roentgenologic abnormalities of the urinary bladder secondary to Crohn's disease.

Urinary tract symptoms and signs may result from secondary involvement of the urinary bladder in patients with Crohn's disease. In a small but significant proportion of these individuals, urinary tract symptoms represent the initial or predominant mode of presentation. Such patients may be erroneously treated for primary infection of the lower urinary tract for prolonged periods before the intestinal origin of the disease process is discovered. Roentgenologic abnormalities of the urinary bladder may provide early and important clues to the correct DIAGNOSIS. The various abnormalities of the urinary bladder which may occur secondary to Crohn's disease are described and illustrated, and the roentgenologic differential diagnosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The internationalization of the American Journal of Roentgenology: 1980-1992.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant changes have occurred in the number of foreign articles published in the American Journal of Roentgenology since 1980. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 3398 articles published in AJR during two 3-year periods (1980-1982 and 1990-1992) were classified by type, subject, radiologic technique, organ system, and national origin. Additionally, 2865 manuscripts submitted to AJR from 1990 to 1992 were analyzed to determine the probability of manuscript acceptance based on country of origin. RESULTS: From 1980 to 1992, 158 (10%) of 1610 articles published in AJR originated from institutions outside the United States. By 1990-1992, international articles accounted for 441 (25%) of 1788 published papers (p < .00001). Although the total number of published articles from most nations increased during the decade, Korea, Japan, and Germany made the largest advances. International contributions in the 1990s were most numerous in the following areas: adult radiology, abdominal/gastrointestinal imaging, pulmonary/thoracic imaging, sonography, and interventional radiology. Notwithstanding these trends, manuscripts submitted from international sources are somewhat less likely to be accepted for publication than those originating from the United States (acceptance rate for major papers 27% vs 33%, p = .01). CONCLUSION: The American Journal of Roentgenology is becoming increasingly internationalized, with Korea, Japan, and Germany making particularly striking advances in the past decade.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1995

Eugene W. Caldwell Lecture. The American Journal of Roentgenology: past, present, and future.

In November 1895, a German physicist named Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen read before the Physico-Medical Society of Würzburg a paper reporting his discovery of a new type of radiation that he called X-rays. Only 11 years later, the American Journal of Roentgenology began to chronicle progress in the new science of roentgenology, and it has continued to fulfill this mission for 89 of the 100 years since Roentgen's discovery. My purpose in this address is to focus attention on the AJR as part of the centennial of the discovery of the X-ray. I wish to pay tribute to the Journal as a vital part of the American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS), and--most important--to acknowledge it as a priceless archive and a treasured heritage to be passed on to future generations of all radiologists. I will recognize the contributions of the key people in the recent history of the AJR who have made the Journal what it is today, reflect on the changes that have occurred during my tenure as editor, and finally, discuss the challenges that I think the Journal will face in the future. This constitutes my valedictory report--my farewell reflections on the Journal, now that my tenure as editor is ending on July 1, 1995.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1976

[Clinical and roentgenological aspects of toxic megacolon (author's transl)].

Ulcerative colitis may occur on several forms. Toxic megacolon is roentgenologically characterized by dilatation usually in the area of transverse colon and toxic symptoms. At the first appearance of these symptoms the patient should be treated or operated upon. Under normal circumstances the roentgenological diagnosis may be obtained only by a full erect or a left lateral decubitus film of the abdomen. A barium enema could lead to performation of the colon, peritonitis or provocation of toxic megacolon. In doubtful cases the examination should be performed with water-solubel contrast media (i. e. Gastrografin, Propyliodon etc.) The therapeutical internal and surgical possibilities are discussed.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1976

[Clinico-roentgenological characteristics of acute lung abscess].

Based on an analysis of the clinico-roentgenological picture of the disease in 48 patients with acute lung suppuration, the authors have detected some peculiarities in clinical manifestations of the disease, and also characteristic features of the roentgenological semiotics, which enabled them to define the pathological process as "a primary" acute abscess of the lung.

Acute Disease↗