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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) immunolocalization in the rodent outer retina demonstrated with an anti-rodent bFGF antibody.

The distribution of bFGF in mouse and rat retinas was established using an antibody generated against a rat specific bFGF sequence. The patterns established with this antibody were distinctly different in comparison to the immunostaining patterns using antibodies prepared against similar regions of bovine and human bFGF sequences. Using the anti-rat antibody, at postpartum day 5, both species demonstrate bFGF-like labeling in the outer retina, primarily associated with developing photoreceptors. The anti-rat bFGF antibody in the adult mouse produces intense labeling at the level of the photoreceptor outer segment, whereas in the adult rat, Müller's cells and RPE were intensely labeled but the photoreceptors appeared to be unlabeled. In contrast, the bovine and human antibodies consistently label ganglion cells in both mouse and rat retinas, cells in the inner aspect of the inner nuclear layer and developing horizontal cells, whereas no photoreceptor labeling was observed. These results suggest that minor species differences in a short segment of the bFGF molecule used to generate these antibodies may result in major differences in apparent bFGF-like immunolocalization.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. XLV. Reversal of chloroquine resistance in rodent and human Plasmodium by antihistaminic agents.

The inherent blood schizontocidal activities of five antihistaminic compounds, cyproheptadine hydrochloride (CYP), ketotifen hydrogen fumarate (KET), pizotyline hydrogen maleate (PIZ), azatadine maleate (AZAT) and loratadine (LOR) were examined against the following organisms: chloroquine-sensitive (CS) Plasmodium berghei and chloroquine-resistant (CR) P. yoelii ssp. NS in mice; and CS Tak 9 clone 96 and CR K1 strain of P. falciparum in vitro. Chloroquine, verapamil and desipramine were used as comparison standards. CYP, KET, PIZ were active against the CS strain in vivo with ED90 levels between 20 and 30 mg kg-1 (given sc daily for four days). They were slightly more active against the CR strain. AZA was active, but much less so than the other compounds. LOR, verapamil and desipramine were inactive in vivo at the doses tested. Against CS P. falciparum in vitro, all five antihistaminics and desipramine were active at EC50 concentrations ranging from about 50-80 mumol l-1, while verapamil was only active at 175 mumol l-1. Against the CR strain of this parasite, CYP, PIZ and LOR were slightly more active than against the CS strain, but KET, AZAT, desipramine and verapamil were significantly less active. The action of all these compounds in combination with chloroquine was then examined both in vivo and in vitro. The ability of verapamil and desipramine to reverse chloroquine resistance in vitro was confirmed, but only a low level of reversal was seen with these compounds in vivo. However, CYP, KET, PIZ and AZAT produced a marked reversal of chloroquine resistance both in vivo and in vitro. The implications of these observations in relation to further laboratory and clinical research are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Environmental enrichment for laboratory rodents and rabbits: requirements of rodents, rabbits, and research.

Environmental conditions such as housing and husbandry have a major impact on the laboratory animal throughout its life and will thereby influence the outcome of animal experiments. However, housing systems for laboratory animals have often been designed on the basis of economic and ergonomic aspects. One possible way to improve the living conditions of laboratory animals is to provide opportunities for the animals to perform a species-specific behavioral repertoire. Environmental enrichment should be regarded both as an essential component of the overall animal care program and equally important as nutrition and veterinary care. The key component of an enrichment program is the animal staff, whose members must be motivated and educated. It is critically important to evaluate environmental enrichment in terms of the benefit to the animal by assessing the use of and preference for a certain enrichment, the effect on behavior and the performance of species-typical behavior, and the effect on physiological parameters. At the same time, it is necessary to evaluate the impact on scientific outcome, how the enrichment influences the scientific study, and whether and how the statistical power is affected. The result will depend on the parameter measured, the type of enrichment used, and the animal strain. In this article, goals of enrichment are defined and discussed. Animal behaviors and needs are described, along with the translation of those needs into environmental enrichment programs. Specific types of environmental enrichment are outlined with examples from the literature, and an evaluation of environmental enrichment is provided.

Animal Husbandry↗