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PubMed2003

The validity of a questionnaire on medicines used in health care practice: comparison of a questionnaire and computerized medical record survey.

BACKGROUND: To assess the effect of sociodemographic characteristics, perceived health, chronic disease, and country of birth on use of medicines and the validity of a questionnaire survey on the use of medicines. METHODS: A questionnaire was handed out to all 1776 patients aged 16 years or over who had attended Jordbro Health Center, Haninge municipality, Sweden, during the preceding 6 months (response rate 81%), and the findings were linked to information obtained from the computerized prescriptions of medicines. Three measurements were used: medicine used, prescriptions, and medicines prescribed. RESULTS: The data were analyzed by logistic regression technique in univariate and multivariate forms. Of the respondents 73% reported using some type of medicine, compared to 63% who had been given a prescription by a physician in the Health Center during the past year. The number of medicines used was 3.26 vs. 4.17 prescribed, but after controlling for possible confounders the figures were 3.51 vs. 3.94. Female gender and chronic disease were related to high prevalence of drug use. Old age, female gender, sick-leave or disability pension, and chronic disease were also related to a high prevalence of prescribed medicines, while old age, sick-leave, perceived bad health, and chronic disease were related to the numerous medicines used. Old age, perceived bad health, and chronic disease were related to a large number of prescriptions, while old age and chronic disease were related to a large number of prescribed medicines. CONCLUSIONS: Differences were found between the two methods used to analyze data. The prevalence of medicines used was overestimated, but the number of medicines used was underestimated. This indicates that the prevalence rates based on analysis of the questionnaire are more reliable, while the number of used medicines should be interpreted with caution, and the effect of patient-concordance should be considered in future studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

PEAPS-Q: a questionnaire to measure the psychosocial effects of having an abnormal pap smear. Psychosocial Effects of Abnormal Pap Smears Questionnaire.

We have developed the Psychosocial Effects of Abnormal Pap Smears Questionnaire (PEAPS-Q) which measures distress experienced by women undergoing follow-up investigation after an abnormal Pap smear result. A thorough literature review and qualitative research resulted in the development of a questionnaire which was tested on 350 women attending a Family Planning New South Wales (FPNSW) clinic. This sample included women at different stages of management after detection of a cervical abnormality: 93 first colposcopy clients and 257 follow-up colposcopy clients. Factor analysis identified four dimensions of distress: experience of medical procedures, beliefs/feelings about cervical abnormality and changes in perception of oneself, worry about infectivity and effect on sexual relationships. Repeatability of the PEAPS-Q was indicated by intra-class correlations of 0.88 overall and at least 0.60 for each scale. Internal consistency was shown by Cronbach's alpha of 0.84 overall and at least 0.72 for each scale. Validity was demonstrated by the correlation of scale scores with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) score of 0.32 (95% CI 0.22-0.41). The PEAPS-Q is a valid, reliable and multidimensional instrument for quantifying distress experienced by women with abnormal Pap smears.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The quality of life in asthma: an evaluation of the AQLQ questionnaire for its use on a Spanish population. Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire].

The study of morbidity in asthma requires consideration not only of standard physiopathologic and function parameters, but also of the impact the disease has on the patient's life-style as he or she perceives it and evaluates it. The quantification of this factor, known as health-related quality of life (HRQL), is achieved by administering questionnaires specially designed for the purpose. We analyzed the reliability, content validity and construct validity (convergence and divergence) of one instrument, the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) designed by Marks and colleagues. This questionnaire covers 4 dimensions (breathlessness, mood, social limitation and worrying) and gives a total score. After a process of translation and back translation the AQLQ was administered to 102 adult asthmatics living in an urban center, all of whom had been stable for at least the preceding 4 weeks. The following data were recorded: age, sex, duration of disease, FEV1, medication, dyspnea, hospital visits, nighttime symptoms and severity of disease (from the patient's own point of view and according to the scale of the International Consensus Report [ICR]). The reliability study (internal consistency with Crombach's alpha coefficient and inter-item correlation analysis) gave satisfactory results in all cases (range of r = 0.39 to 0.78; alpha = 0.78 to 0.91). Content validity (factorial analysis of the main components, oblique and orthogonal rotations) was less satisfactory, although 4 factors were found; these factors adjusted relatively well to one of the proposed sub-scales and together explained 65.2% of the total variance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Health-related quality of life in asthma: a comparison between the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire and the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire.

The aim of the study is to compare the performance of the Juniper Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) in a sample of asthmatic patients, representative of a broad spectrum of asthma severity. We studied 116 patients with a mean age (SD) of 42.6 (18.3) year. Patients were assessed twice, at recruitment and after 2 months, to determine the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the AQLQ and the SGRQ. Both questionnaires showed good reliability coefficients (> or = 0.70) which reached the standards for comparison at individual level (> or = 0.90) in the case of activity, impacts and overall SGRQ scores as well as symptoms, activities and overall AQLQ scores. Both AQLQ and SGRQ were able to discriminate among groups of patients based on asthma severity and control and showed, except for the symptoms domain of the SGRQ, large (standardized response means >0.8) and significant changes in the group of patients that improved at follow-up. We conclude that the AQLQ and SGRQ have shown high reliability and validity and, with the exception of the SGRQ symptoms, a high level of responsiveness. In overall terms, not one of these instruments seems to behave better than the other.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Developing a community-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire for asthma: the Asthma-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire for Native American Adults (AQLQ-NAA).

The Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire for Native American Adults (AQLQ-NAA) was developed by modifying the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire-Marks (AQLQ-M) using the focus group technique. The 19-item AQLQ-NAA has emphasis on restrictions in social, community, and cultural activities. Higher scores indicate a better quality of life. The modified questionnaire was administered to a sample of 51 Native American adults with asthma at the Albuquerque USPHS Indian Hospital and its affiliated field clinics. Principal components analysis identified three domains with eigenvalues greater than 1.00: Community and Social Restrictions (CSR), Psychological Impact (PIM), and Symptoms (SYM). Cronbach's coefficient alpha for the AQLQ-NAA was 0.95 and ranged from 0.82 to 0.93 for the individual domains, indicating good internal consistency. The AQLQ-NAA score correlated negatively and significantly to urgent care visits, physician visits, and total number of medications taken for asthma in the past 6 and 12 months (p < 0.05). Additionally, the AQLQ-NAA score was correlated positively and significantly to medication adherence in the past 6 and 12 months (p < 0.05). Similar patterns of correlations were found with all three domain scores. These results indicated that there is evidence for the construct validity of the AQLQ-NAA and its domains. The AQLQ-NAA should provide a useful measure of HRQOL in asthma-specific medical interventions for the population in which it was developed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Is shorter always better? Relative importance of questionnaire length and cognitive ease on response rates and data quality for two dietary questionnaires.

In this study, the authors sought to determine the effects of length and clarity on response rates and data quality for two food frequency questionnaires (FFQs): the newly developed 36-page Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ), designed to be cognitively easier for respondents, and a 16-page FFQ developed earlier for the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. The PLCO Trial is a 23-year randomized controlled clinical trial begun in 1992. The sample for this substudy, which was conducted from January to April of 1998, consisted of 900 control and 450 screened PLCO participants aged 55-74 years. Controls received either the DHQ or the PLCO FFQ by mail. Screenees, who had previously completed the PLCO FFQ at baseline, were administered the DHQ. Among controls, the response rate for both FFQs was 82%. Average amounts of time needed by controls to complete the DHQ and the PLCO FFQ were 68 minutes and 39 minutes, respectively. Percentages of missing or uninterpretable responses were similar between instruments for questions on frequency of intake but were approximately 3 and 9 percentage points lower (p < or = 0.001) in the DHQ for questions on portion size and use of vitamin/mineral supplements, respectively. Among screenees, response rates for the DHQ and the PLCO FFQ were 84% and 89%, respectively, and analyses of questions on portion size and supplement use showed few differences. These data indicated that the shorter FFQ was not better from the perspective of response rate and data quality, and that clarity and ease of administration may compensate for questionnaire length.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of a video questionnaire with the IUATLD written questionnaire for measuring asthma prevalence.

A video questionnaire (VQ) for measuring asthma prevalence in adolescents was assessed for repeatability and validity in relation to bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) (PD20 less than or equal to 7.8 mumol methacholine). Comparison was also made with a standard, self completed written questionnaire (SQ), based on the IUATLD Bronchial Symptoms Questionnaire, which included five questions seeking comparable data to those in the VQ. Both the VQ and SQ were administered to 707 schoolchildren (13-16 years), in whom English was the primary language. One hundred and six randomly selected children subsequently underwent bronchial challenge to methacholine. Both the sensitivity and specificity for BHR were higher for a combination of three or more positive responses to the VQ (0.73 and 0.88), than to the SQ (0.63 and 0.82), although these differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.24). When administered again after a two week interval, the VQ had a significantly higher (P = 0.03) coefficient of repeatability (0.79) than the SQ (0.50). We conclude that the VQ is a valid and reliable method of determining asthma prevalence, and propose that by providing data relatively free from biases due to language, culture, literacy or interviewing techniques it may be particularly useful when comparing asthma prevalence and severity in different populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The validity of the ISAAC written questionnaire and the ISAAC video questionnaire (AVQ 3.0) for predicting asthma associated with bronchial hyperreactivity in a group of 13-14 year old Korean schoolchildren.

To validate the prevalence rate of symptoms of asthma produced by the phase I ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) study, hypertonic saline challenge test was carried out during the phase II study at a year after the phase I study. For the phase II study, six middle schools from three cities in the phase I study were selected. Finally, 499 children who responded to both studies were analyzed. All subjects were asked to complete the written questionnaire (WQ) first, followed by a video questionnaire (AVQ 3.0) during the phase I study. Of the 499 children, only 19 (3.8%) were positive to the hypertonic saline bronchial challenge test. The degree of agreement between responses to the two corresponding questions "wheezing at rest" and "nocturnal wheeze" in the AVQ 3.0 and WQ were moderate and weak with a Kappa indices of 0.45 and 0.23, respectively. The question on "severe wheeze" in the AVQ 3.0 had the highest Youden's index among the five questions related to asthma symptoms in the previous 12 months, but its specificity was low whereas its sensitivity was 1.0. There was no consistency of priority between the two questionnaires in predicting bronchial hyperreactivity in a group of Korean schoolchildren. Therefore we need to develop more appropriate WQ or AVQ to compare the prevalences of asthma to other countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The reliability and validity of a screening Questionnaire for 13 DSM-IV Axis I disorders (the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire) in psychiatric outpatients.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a new multidimensional screening instrument for 13 DSM-IV Axis I disorders. METHOD: The Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ) is a 90-item self-administered questionnaire that screens for 13 DSM-IV disorders in 5 areas (eating, mood, anxiety, substance use, and somatoform disorders). A consecutive series of 500 psychiatric outpatients completed the PDSQ immediately before their intake evaluation. Seventy-four patients completed the scale a second time less than a week after the initial administration, and 51 patients completed a booklet of questionnaires that included established measures of the same symptom domains assessed by the PDSQ. RESULTS: The PDSQ subscales achieved moderate-to-high levels of internal consistency (mean Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.82) and test-retest reliability (mean correlation coefficient = 0.84). Subscale scores were significantly associated with blind clinical diagnoses, and individual PDSQ items correlated much more highly with their own subscale than with other subscales. The PDSQ subscales were much more highly correlated with established measures of the same symptom domain (mean correlation coefficient = 0.72) than with measures of other types of psychopathology (mean correlation = 0.17). CONCLUSION: The PDSQ is a reliable and valid measure of multiple DSM-IV disorders that is brief enough to be incorporated into routine clinical outpatient practice without disruption, yet lengthy enough to be a psychometrically sound instrument.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Chiropractic chronic low back pain sufferers and self-report assessment methods. Part II. A reliability study of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire and the VAS Disability Scales Questionnaire.

The subjective complaints of 41 chronic low back pain sufferers attending a chiropractic clinic were assessed twice prior to therapy with a widely used psychological self-report assessment tool, the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ) and a newly developed VAS Disability Scales Questionnaire (DISQ), both of which investigate various aspects of certain basic positions and activities. Reliability was generally acceptable with these two questionnaires. Subjects participating in the study were commonly found to score within the normal range on the MHQ, indicating that psychological disturbance was not a major feature of their presentation. However, mild mood disturbance was commonly reported, and a more sensitive tool may need to be developed for this type of mildly affected chronic low back pain sufferers. The DISQ generally indicated subjects were mildly to moderately affected by their low back trouble and that sitting and leisure activities were the most pain provoking. Recommendations for further development of the disability scale are made.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1996

[The development of a new QOL Questionnaire on chemotherapy - induced emesis and vomiting--investigation of reliability and validity. Group for Investigation of QOL Questionnaire for Anti-Emetics Used in Cancer Chemotherapy. Joint Research Group for Tropisetron Double-Blind Comparative study].

A new questionnaire on QOL of patients with chemotherapy-induced emesis and vomiting was developed, and its reliability and validity were investigated in the present multi-center clinical trial. The questionnaire consisted of 15 items which included descriptive questions on appetite, feeling, sleep, mental fatigue, anxiety, pain, sputum, respiratory distress, nausea, vomiting, abdominal condition, daily life in a hospital and relationship with family, a linear analogue scale representing influence of nausea and vomiting on patient's life during 24 hours, and a face scale as the global scale. Data from 98 patients with cancer were analyzed by principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Recollect rate was 78.1% and complete response rate was 86.0% in this QOL measurement. 2) A clear correlation was observed between appetite, feeling, nausea, vomiting and the physiological scale, between sleep, mental fatigue, anxiety, pain, abdominal condition and the psychological scale, between sputum, respiratory distress and the respiratory condition related scale, between daily life in hospital and the active scale, between relationship with family and the social relation scale. These results satisfied internal consistency. 3) As for test-retest reliability, the total score of 13 descriptive items between the day before and two days before the start of chemotherapy showed no significant difference. 4) The 13 items were grouped into physiological, the psychological, the respiratory condition related, the active and the social relation scales, and these scales belonged to a different dimension. 5) The linear analogue scale, the face scale and the total scores of 13 descriptive items correlated respectively with all of items except item of, relationship with family. 6) As for concurrent validity, vomiting frequency, severity of nausea and anorexia correlated with the physiological scale. Severity of nausea and anorexia also correlated with the psychological and active scales. 7) As a result of investigation of sensitivity, the total score of the 13 descriptive items, the linear analogue scale representing influence of nausea and vomiting on patient's life during 24 hours and the face scale revealed the poorest levels 2-3 days after chemotherapy but recovered thereafter. The aggravation of QOL of patients treated with chemotherapy was reduced in the anti-emetic administration group compared with the placebo administration group. These results suggested that this new questionnaire developed for chemotherapy-induced emesis and vomiting had sufficient validity and reliability to reflect the effects of anti-emetic drug.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Development of the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ): a questionnaire to measure alcohol and opiate dependence in the context of a treatment evaluation package.

The Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ) has been developed as part of a treatment evaluation package. The LDQ is a 10-item, self completion questionnaire designed to measure dependence upon a variety of substances; it has been shown to be understood by users of alcohol and opiates. The questionnaire was designed to be sensitive to change over time and to be sensitive through the range from mild to severe dependence; the follow-up data are insufficient to demonstrate change over time, but are encouraging. It is expected that both clinicians and researchers will find it useful to have a single measure relating to substance use, but not limited by specific substances. All items are scored 0-1-2-3; there are no normative data. The procedure for establishing content validity is described and estimates of concurrent, discriminant and convergent validities are reported; these validities are thought to be satisfactory. A principal components analysis produced a single factor accounting for 64% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha was 0.94. Test-retest reliability was found to be 0.95.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Temporal variation of validity of self-rating questionnaires: repeated use of the General Health Questionnaire and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale among women during antenatal and postnatal periods.

The 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were distributed to 120 pregnant women 4 times--in early and late pregnancy and 5 days and 1 month after the child was born. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed against the subjects' Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) diagnoses. Both the GHQ and SDS sufficiently identified cases of minor mental disorder and depressive disorders respectively in early pregnancy; they lost their validity on the subsequent two occasions, but gained it again 1 month after the birth; the optimal cut-off points varied accordingly. This study suggests that the optimal cut-off point for a questionnaire should be validated against an externally determined clinical diagnosis whenever the instrument is used repeatedly on the same population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The Dutch version of the McGill pain questionnaire: a reliable pain questionnaire].

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the McGill pain questionnaire, translated into Dutch (MPQ-DLV), is a reliable instrument to measure pain. DESIGN: Questionnaire study. SETTING: Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Leiden, the Netherlands. METHOD: The MPQ-DLV was administered three times to 92 patients who had physiotherapy: in group I (n = 62) twice before and four hours after physiotherapy treatment, in group II (n = 30) before, directly after and four hours after treatment. The questionnaire consisted of questions to determine (a) the quality and intensity, (b) the localisation and evolution of the pain, (c) the effects of the pain on quality of life and further (d) visual analog pain intensity scales. Subsets of questions were combined into nine indices. For all indices on all three occasions Cronbach's alpha coefficients were determined. Moreover, test-retest correlation coefficients were determined between the scores of the first and second, the first and third, and the second and third occasions. RESULTS: The test-retest correlations of the nine indices and the visual analog pain intensity scales ranged from 0.62 to 0.93 (median: 0.84). Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the indices varied between 0.61 and 0.85 (median: 0.72). CONCLUSION: The MPQ-DLV is a reliable instrument for measuring pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The development and psychometric validation of a brain cancer quality-of-life questionnaire for use in combination with general cancer-specific questionnaires.

A self-report questionnaire module consisting of 24 items, comprising 5 scales and 7 single items, has been developed for measuring health-related quality of life in patients with brain cancer. Module development proceeded through several stages, including a listing of patient, family and health care professional concerns, the writing of items, field testing in 105 patients with brain cancer and subsequent item reduction and scale construction after multitrait scaling analysis and assessment of internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficient alpha). The final version of the module exhibits reasonable test-retest stability over a period of one week. Differences in the responses between patients with recently-diagnosed and recurrent cancer and between patients with a Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) of 50-70 and 80-100 were in the expected direction, indicating that the module of questions is responsive to differing conditions. Patients with either mental confusion, motor deficit or dysphasia indicated problems in several domains and single items as compared to patients without these neurological deficits. Thus, differences in the responses to the items in the brain cancer module appear to reflect differences in neurological status. In addition, deteriorating neurological status was accompanied by a marked increase in emotional distress, future uncertainty and motor dysfunction. A comparison of the responses in the module with the KPS and with a modified Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index (BADLI) shows moderate correlations, primarily with scales and items that pertain to motor dysfunction, while other scales (such as emotional distress, visual disorder and communication deficit) and most single items are not associated with the KPS or BADLI. Since the emotional distress scale of the module was found to be highly correlated with the emotional function scale of the EORTC QLQ-C30, it could be omitted when the module is used in combination with the QLQ-C30. This would reduce the module to a total of 20 items with four scales and seven single items. The intention is to combine this module of questions with other core or general quality-of-life questionnaires when studying patients with brain cancer in clinical trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The Dartmouth Pain Questionnaire: an adjunct to the McGill Pain Questionnaire.

The Dartmouth Pain Questionnaire is presented as an adjunct to the McGill Pain Questionnaire. It adds assessment of 4 objective measurements (pain complaints, somatic interventions, impaired functioning, and remaining positive aspects of function) and 1 subjective measure (changes in self-esteem since onset of pain). The entire device fits on one piece of paper and patients easily learn to self-administer it. Standardization results show acceptable levels of reliability and validity.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Assessing adherence to dietary recommendations for hemodialysis patients: the Renal Adherence Attitudes Questionnaire (RAAQ) and the Renal Adherence Behaviour Questionnaire (RABQ).

This article describes preliminary investigations into the psychometric properties of two scales for hemodialysis patients (N=35): the Renal Adherence Attitudes Questionnaire (RAAQ), a 26-item scale measuring attitudes toward adherence: and the Renal Adherence Behaviour Questionnaire (RABQ), a 25-item scale measuring self-reported dietary (diet and fluid) adherence. Factor analysis of the RAAQ yielded a four-factor structure. These factors were attitudes to social restrictions, well-being, self-care/support, and acceptance. The scale demonstrated high internal and test-retest reliability. Factor analysis of the RABQ gave a five-factor structure: adherence to fluid restrictions; adherence regarding potassium and phosphate restrictions, adherence regarding self-care; adherence regarding sodium intake; and adherence in times of particular difficulty. This scale had moderately high internal reliability and high test-retest reliability. Validity for the RABQ was tested with independent measures of adherence; biochemical (serum potassium, serum phosphate, and interdialytic weight gain) and dietician-rated (potassium and fluid). There was little association among the differing measures of adherence. These scales facilitate empirical evaluation of dietary adherence for hemodialysis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Initial validation of two opiate craving questionnaires the obsessive compulsive drug use scale and the desires for drug questionnaire.

In the present study, the factor structure, internal consistency, and the concurrent validity of two heroin craving questionnaires are examined. The Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) measures three factors: desire and intention, negative reinforcement, and control. The Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale (OCDUS) also measures three factors: thoughts about heroin and interference, desire and control, and resistance to thoughts and intention. Subjects were 102 Dutch patients who were currently in treatment for drug dependency. All proposed scales have good reliability and concurrent validity. Implementation of these instruments in both clinical and research field is advocated.

Adult↗