Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Prussian Blue Reaction”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Macrophages (phagocytic-histiocytic reticular cells) in reactive-inflammatory lesions of the bone marrow and in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). An immunohistochemical and morphometric study by use of a new monoclonal antibody (PG-M1).

An immunohistochemical and morphometric study was performed on trephine biopsies of the bone marrow in 52 patients (28 males/24 females; age 68 years) with various subtypes of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) to determine the number of macrophages (phagocytic-histiocytic reticular cells). Quantifications included the haemosiderin-storing subpopulation (Prussian-blue reaction) of this lineage as well as the iron-free compartment. The latter was identified by a new monoclonal antibody (PG-M1) which is specifically directed against histiocytic reticular cells. Bone marrow specimens of individuals without haematological disorders and those showing reactive lesions served as controls. In comparison with the normal bone marrow and inflammatory changes (i.e. rheumatoid arthritis) 23 of the 52 patients with MDS revealed a significant increase in macrophages. This increase encompassed not only the iron-laden subpopulation but also the total number of phagocytic reticular cells. Accumulation of macrophages in MDS was speculated to be due to a premature and enforced degradation of dysplastic cell elements leading to phagocytosis of haemosiderin and debris material. Moreover, cells of the monocyte-macrophage system could be involved in the complex pathomechanism of fibrillogenesis, since in a considerable percentage of patients with MDS, an increase in reticulin (argyrophilic) fibres was noticeable. Our finding of an expansion of the macrophage compartment in about half of the patients with MDS is in keeping with results of cell culture studies on colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage precursors (CFU-GM).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hereditary hemochromatosis of a young girl: detection of early iron deposition in liver cell lysosomes using transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy.

A 14-year-old girl demonstrated increased iron concentration and transferrin saturation, suggesting iron overload of unknown origin. Liver biopsy showed no fibrosis or hepatocytic atrophia. Nevertheless, Prussian blue reaction for histochemical detection of iron demonstrated very weak positive granules in a few hepatocytes on the periphery of hepatic lobules in close connection to bile capillaries. This very early stage of hemochromatosis was confirmed by TEM and EELS for iron accumulation inside hepatocytic lysosomes and residual bodies. Such siderosomes were scarce in number and iron content, compared to a case of manifested hemochromatosis and liver cirrhosis (Jonas L, Fulda G, Salemeh T, et al. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2001; 25: 111-118.). Liver iron concentration as measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) yielded 2.005 mg/g tissue dry weight, which was considered not significantly increased. In the absence of known causes for secondary iron overload, the early diagnosis was evidenced by genotyping, revealed homozygosity for the HFE gene C282Y mutation, demonstrating the presence of hereditary hemochromatosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1964

STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PRODUCTION. IX. THE CELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF ANTIGEN MOLECULES (FERRITIN) IN THE SECONDARY RESPONSE.

The physical presence of the antigen used to stimulate a secondary antibody response was demonstrated in the cells of popliteal lymph nodes. Rabbits previously injected with apoferritin (containing no iron), which was prepared from recrystallized horse ferritin, were given an injection of ferritin 5 weeks later. The antigen was traced by means of the Prussian blue reaction, by specific fluorescent antibody, and by electron microscopy. Antiferritin antibody was localized by immunofluorescence, though it was not possible to test cells simultaneously for antigen and antibody. Horse ferritin induces a rather weak primary antibody response, but a brisk secondary response characterized by the appearance in the medullary cords of numerous plasma cells containing antiferritin. Many intact ferritin molecules were found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of numerous reticular and other phagocytic cells in the sinuses. In decreasing amount, ferritin molecules were also clearly demonstrated in hemacytoblasts (plasmoblasts), and immature and mature plasmocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Acetic orcein staining of prefixed tissue sections.

Acetic orcein stains formol- and Carnoy-fixed tissues, coloring mast cells, nuclei, basophilic cytoplasm, cerebral corpora amylacea, and cartilage strongly; keratin and erythrocytes moderately; muscle and collagen weakly. Guinea pig Brunner gland and rat colonic goblet cell mucins did not stain. The red nuclear stain contrasts well with the Prussian blue reaction of hemosiderin and the ferric ferricyanide (Turnbull's blue) reaction of enterochromaffin. A weak (0.01%) fast-green FCF stain changes collagen and sometimes smooth muscle to green, without impairing nucleic acid or mast cell staining. Picroindigocarmine gives blue collagen, yellow muscle, and red elastin, nucleic acids and mast cells. Picro-methyl blue tends to override the red nuclear stain. Carnoy fixation is somewhat better for nuclei, formol for basophil cytoplasms.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

The permeability of the small intestinal mucosa: a study using iron.

Various substances containing iron were injected into the lumen of the small intestine in rabbits and into the mesenteric arterial supply. Sections of the mucosa were stained for ferric ions by immersing for 30 minutes into equal parts of 2% HCl and 2% potassium ferrocyanide (Prussian Blue reaction). The ferric ion is bound to various cell structures and its passage through the mucosa could therefore be demonstrated. Iron appeared to pass from the blood into epithelial cells, especially near the tips of the villi, and also between cells as far as the junctional membrane. Studies using (59)Fe demonstrated the rapidity of transfer of iron from the blood into the intestinal lumen. After a period of ischaemia epithelial cells in other situations also appeared permeable to iron. The implications of the loss of substances from the blood into the lumen by these routes is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of total dose infusion of iron dextran on the storage iron content of the human placenta.

In a series of pregnant women with iron deficiency anaemia treated by a total dose infusion of iron dextran, the non-haem iron content of the placenta at term was studied histochemically and by chemical analysis. Within a few days of the infusion the Prussian blue reaction on the placenta was very strong, but was negative by ten days after the infusion. Chemical analysis showed that both the water-insoluble fraction (haemosiderin) and the water-soluble fraction (ferritin) of the non-haem iron were increased soon after the infusion, but three weeks after the infusion they were almost the same as in untreated controls. Pinocytosis of iron dextran by the trophoblast and increased transport of transferrin-bound iron to the placenta are considered as possible causes for this large uptake of iron by the placenta.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1997

Functional opening of the fourth ventricular outlet in C57BL/6J and delayed splotch mouse embryos.

To compare the functional development of the fourth ventricular outlet in the myeloschisis-Chiari malformation complex with that of a normal brain, the chronological development of the outlet in C57BL/6J non-neural-tube defect mouse embryos was examined as the first step. Then we compared the results with those of homozygotic delayed splotch (Spd) mouse embryos which had neural-tube defects (NTDs). Ferrous chloride (Prussian blue) solution was injected into the lateral or mesencephalic ventricle on gestation days 13-16 in the case of control C57BL/6J mouse embryos and on gestation days 14-16 in the case of homozygotic Spd mouse embryos which had open spinal NTDs and hindbrain anomalies comparable to human Chiari malformation. At 30 min after the injection, acid fixative was infused through the heart to set off the Prussian blue reaction, which makes the dye visible by the precipitation of ferric chloride. According to the present method, more than 75% of C57BL/6J mouse (non-NTD control) embryos showed the evidence of function of the fourth ventricular (4V) outlet from gestation day 15. It was difficult to apply the same method to Spd mouse embryos with NTDs due to the small size of ventricles. Only 4 injections were successful, of which 3 showed the functioning evidence of the 4V outlet. Though the number of mouse embryos with NTDs studied was small, the results suggest that the chronological progress of functional opening of the fourth ventricle in mouse embryos with NTDs is similar to that of control non-NTD embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Iron overload of the bone marrow by trimethylhexanoyl-ferrocene in rats.

Iron-deficient female Wistar rats were fed a diet which contained 0.5% 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl (TMH)-ferrocene over a 57-week period. The state of iron deficiency was characterized by means of the absence of stainable iron in the bone marrow. After the first days on the iron-enriched diet, ferritin-containing siderosomes were found, in numerous erythroblasts up to orthochromatic normoblasts and in reticulocytes, i.e. the dispensed iron was used for haemoglobin synthesis. After 1 week the first macrophages showed a positive Perls' Prussian blue reaction. In the cytoplasm they stored the iron in the form of free ferritin molecules and lysosomally as aggregated ferritin and/or haemosiderin. The iron loading of the macrophages increased in both of the storage qualities proportionally with duration of the feeding period and reached a maximum after 38 weeks. Final stages showed extremely iron-loaded macrophages with high concentrations of free ferritin molecules and large siderosomes, partially flowing together to still greater units. Iron deposits within endothelial cells of bone marrow sinusoids can be observed for the first time after 4 weeks. In these cells the iron is stored as ferritin in siderosomes of relatively small and uniform size; free ferritin molecules in the cytosol were of only slight concentration. The TMH-ferrocene model of iron overload shows in the bone marrow: (1) an unimpeded utilization of the iron component for erythropoiesis, (2) development of excessive iron overload of the bone marrow in macrophages and endothelial cells of sinusoids and (3) a pattern of distribution of iron as seen in secondary haemochromatosis.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1994

Pattern of iron storage in the rat heart following iron overloading with trimethylhexanoyl-ferrocene.

Female Wistar rats with slight iron deficiency anemia were kept on a diet containing 0.5% trimethylhexanoyl (TMH)-ferrocene for up to 79 weeks. In the state of iron deficiency, the heart was free of light-microscopically detectable iron. After 7 weeks of the TMH-ferrocene diet, the first iron-positive granules appeared in perivascular macrophages. Further oral administration caused a progression of iron deposition in these cells, visible in the form of a granular staining but also as a diffuse iron staining of the cytoplasm. Accordingly, at the electron-microscopical level, the iron was stored partly as free ferritin molecules in the cytosol, and partly in lysosomes in the form of ferritin and/or hemosiderin. After 11 weeks, further iron-positive cells with relatively small dark-blue granules were found in the vicinity of capillaries, which could be identified as fibrocytes by means of electron microscopy. In addition, slight iron deposition occurred in the endothelial cells of the cardiac capillaries, likewise mainly in the form of small, uniform siderosomes. The myocytes showed no product of Perls' Prussian blue reaction during the whole period of investigation. From the 11th week onwards, discrete ferritin molecules were detected electron microscopically within lysosomes of these cells. Their amount increased slowly with progression of the TMH-ferrocene feeding period. Free ferritin molecules could be observed in the cytosol of fibrocytes, endothelial cells and myocytes in only very slight concentrations, whilst they were more plentiful in macrophages. In hereditary hemochromatosis and posttransfusional siderosis, the iron is found predominantly in myocytes and appears to cause cell damage, whilst this is not the case in experimental iron overload in rats.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The drainage of cerebrospinal fluid into the lymphatic system of the neck in humans.

A histo- and immunohistochemical examination of the superior deep cervical lymph nodes was performed in a group of 19 patients who died from intracerebral haemorrhage. For comparison two control groups without cerebral lesions were studied (n = 17, n = 13). Free iron deposits as shown within the lymph nodes by Prussian blue reaction were seen significantly more often following intracerebral haemorrhage than without bleeding. The expression of CD 68 (a marker for macrophages) or CR 3/43 (microglia) gave a strong reaction, but there are no significant differences between the three groups. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was rarely seen in the three groups. Raising the CSF pressure results in increased CSF drainage into the cervical lymph nodes. The clinical importance of this lymphatic drainage suggests a communication between the brain and the immune system of the head and neck, with a possible selective up- and down-regulation.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Lectin histochemistry of the spleen: a new lectin visualizes the stromal architecture of white pulp and the sinuses of red pulp.

The subcompartmentalization of the white pulp in the spleen is the result of interactions of specific resident stromal cells and migrating subtypes of lymphocytes. Because carbohydrate residues of cell membranes and extracellular matrices are involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, they were investigated in rat spleen by a broad panel of lectins. Splenic macrophages, which were also demonstrated by Perls' Prussian blue reaction, were labeled selectively by most mannose-specific lectins and gave the characteristic distribution patterns in all splenic (sub)compartments. One recently isolated lectin, Chelidonium majus agglutinin (CMA), visualized predominantly central arterioles, the reticular meshwork (RM) in the periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths (PALS), the circumferential reticulum cells limiting PALS and follicles, and some follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in white pulp. The endothelial cells of venous sinuses in red pulp were also labeled by CMA and, if frozen sections were used, CMA also labeled the macrophages of the red pulp. Compared to CMA, the monoclonal antibody CD11, which can be used only in frozen sections, stained almost solely the fibrous (extracellular) component of the RM. Because CMA stains the reticulum cells in particular, it is better suited to visualize the stromal architecture of splenic white pulp than the monoclonal antibody. Because CMA can be applied to paraffin-embedded material, it is a particularly useful tool to study the splenic stromal architecture in archival material.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A rapid method for immunofluorescent staining of paraffin sections using iron-containing protein A microspheres.

A method to rapidly perform immunofluorescence or light microscopic staining on formalin-fixed paraffin sections has been devised utilizing magnetic albumin microspheres containing Staphylococcal protein A. Because the protein A constituent of the microspheres has the property of binding the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) class antibodies, the microspheres can be used to rapidly bind antigen-antibody complexes by the Fc portion of the antibody. Deparaffinized sections were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibody (IgG fractions) by standard techniques, after which the protein A microspheres were layered over the sections. Distinct fluorescence of sections was noted with the addition of the microspheres, whereas only autofluorescence was present with direct staining alone. The microspheres were also visualized by light microscopy by a subsequent Prussian blue reaction, staining the Fe3O4 within the microsphere matrix. This method represents a more rapid method for identifying antigens in tissues embedded in paraffin than has previously been reported.

Fluorescent Antibody Technique↗
PubMed1986

A modified method of fine-granular cationic iron colloid preparation: its use in light and electron microscopic detection of anionic sites in the rat kidney glomerulus and certain other tissues.

Ferric chloride, when boiled with hydrazine hydrate and cacodylic acid, is converted into a fine cationic iron (ferric hydroxide) colloid which consists of 0.5-1.5 nm electron-dense granules, and gives a distinct Prussian blue reaction. This colloid allows light and electron microscopic detection of ionized anionic sites in tissues at a wide pH range of 0.8-7.6. It is smaller in size and more stable, and assures longer and greater staining of tissues, especially at low pH levels, than the iron colloid prepared with sodium or ammonium cacodylate by Seno and his associates (1983, 1984, 1985). Some light and electron micrographs of the rat kidney, spleen and other organs stained with our colloid are presented as examples. These micrographs confirm that the glomerular podocyte end-foot surface facing the Bowman's capsular space is strongly negative-charged. They also show that almost all lymphoid cells around the arteries in the splenic white pulp and thymic cortex contain strongly negative-charged nuclei and that the distal convoluted and collecting urinary tubules are more negative-charged than the proximal convoluted tubules.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Fine anionic iron colloid and its use in light and electron microscopic detection of cationic sites in the rat kidney.

Ferric chloride, when boiled with ammonium thiocyanate, ammonia and cacodylic acid, is converted into a fine anionic iron colloid which consists of 1-1.5 nm electron dense granules and gives a distinct Prussian blue reaction. This colloid allows light and electron microscopic detection of ionized cationic sites in tissues at a pH range of 4.0-9.0. Light and electron micrographs of the rat kidney stained with this colloid are demonstrated. These micrographs indicate that the foot processes of glomerular podocytes and the brush border of the proximal convoluted tubule contain positively-charged groups in their intracellular matrices, and that the foot process plasma membrane fronting the Bowman's capsular space has positively-charged groups. The latter finding, together with our previous study (Murakami et al., 1986), suggests the co-existence of cationic and anionic sites on this foot process surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The occurrence in the human brain of neurons with strongly negative-charged proteoglycans.

The occurrence of neurons with strongly negative-charged surface-coats was confirmed in the human brain. Cerebral cortical tissue pieces (Area 19 of Brodmann), which had been removed in surgery from a 45-year-old Japanese man with meningioma were fixed with formalin. These specimens were cut into sections, stained with fine cationic iron colloid at pH value 1.0-2.0, treated for Prussian blue reaction, counter stained with carbolthionin, and observed with a light microscope. The observations indicated that some large-sized pyramidal cells in the ganglionic lamina were strongly negative-charged or coated with sulfated proteoglycans, though where these cells projected to could not be determined.

Brain Chemistry↗
PubMed1993

A hydrophilic resin-embedding method for light and electron microscopic detection of tissue anionic sites with cationic colloidal iron: as applied to mouse Paneth cells.

A cationic colloidal iron method was introduced for electron microscopic detection of anionic sites in hydrophilic resin-embedded specimens, and the method was applied to Paneth cells of the mouse jejunum. Mouse jejunal blocks were embedded in hydrophilic acrylic resin (LR White), cut into ultrathin sections, stained with the diluted cationic colloidal iron, and exposed to osmium vapor. The jejunal tissues, including the Paneth cells, embedded in hydrophilic resin were reactive to the fine cationic colloidal iron. At pH value 1.5, fine electron dense colloidal iron deposited along the rims of the secretory granules and the Golgi apparatus of the Paneth cell. Colloidal particles distributed on the osmiophilic reticular structures in the rim and in dot-like fashion lined the border between the granular core and rim. At pH value 4.0, ribosomes reacted to cationic colloidal iron particles in addition to the granular rims and Golgi apparatus. At pH 7.0, even the cores of the secretory granules were stained. Semi-thin sections prepared from the LR White-embedded specimens and stained at pH 1.5 with the diluted (1:3 in volume) cationic colloidal iron showed sufficient Prussian blue reaction for light microscopy in the rims of Paneth granules and mucus of goblet cells. This method is therefore useful for correlative light and electron microscopic detection of tissue anionic sites, including sulfate, carboxyl and phosphate groups, at various pH values.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Anionic sites on the free surface of the peritoneal mesothelium: light and electron microscopic detection using cationic colloidal iron.

To examine charged sites on the peritoneal free surface, cationic and anionic colloidal iron methods were applied. Light microscopy of the human and mouse specimens using cationic colloidal iron staining at pH 1.5-7.3 and successive ferrocyanide treatment resulted in a distinct Prussian blue reaction on the free surface of the parietal, mesenteric and visceral peritonea at all the examined pH values. In transmission electron microscopy of specimens stained with cationic colloidal iron at pH 1.5, colloidal particles accumulated in a dotted fashion on the free surface of the mesothelial cells. At pH 7.3, colloidal particles were deposited as numerous fine strands (100-300 nm in length), whose ends often attached to the luminal aspect of the mesothelial cell membrane. Anionic colloidal iron stain at pH 7.2 gave no deposition of colloidal particles on the mesothelial free surface. Priorly methylated samples lost stainability of the peritoneal free surface to cationic colloidal iron staining at pH 1.5 or 2.5, while methylated-saponified sections recovered it. Pretreatment with neuraminidase inhibited the cationic colloidal iron staining at pH 1.5 on the mesothelial free surface. These results indicate that the mesothelial surface anionic sites ionizing at pH 1.5 are mostly due to the carboxyl group of sialic acid. It is suggested that the peritoneal free surface substance stained with the cationic colloidal iron may be membrane-associated sialomucin, whose rich negative-charged sites may repulse each other to prevent peritoneal adhesion or to maintain peritoneal cavity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Intensely positively charged perineuronal nets in the adult rat brain as detected by staining with anionic iron colloid.

Ferric chloride, when boiled with ammonium thiocyanate, ammonia and cacodylic acid, is converted into a fine anionic iron colloid which consists of 1.0-1.5 nm electron dense granules and gives a distinct Prussian blue reaction (OHTSUKA and MURAKAMI, 1986). Light microscopy of tissue sections stained with this fine anionic iron colloid at pH values of 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 showed that the healthy adult rat brain contains a considerable number of neurons which possess an intensely positively charged perineuronal net. This net was most clearly demonstrable by staining with the anionic iron colloid at a pH value of 8.0, at which ionizations of almost all cationic sites of the tissue elements were obliterated. Transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections stained at a pH value of 8.0 showed that the anionic iron colloid was preferentially deposited in the perineuronal tissue spaces. These findings indicate that the intensely positively charged perineuronal net contains some strongly basic substances such as guanidino compounds, and occupies the perineuronal (perisynaptic) tissue space.

Animals↗