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Realistically meeting the educational needs of hospitalized acute and short-stay patients.

Patient teaching in acute care hospital settings isn't much different from teaching in other settings. The main differences have to do with the amount of time available and the condition of the patients. Using good assessment practices, sticking to "need to know" survival content, simplifying instructions, streamlining programs, providing for practice, providing reference and resource materials, and referring patients for further education are the ingredients that will help get the job done efficiently and effectively.

Aftercare

Dental health knowledge in a group of Latin American refugees in Sweden.

Sixty-nine Latin American refugees with a mean age of 31 years participated in this study. The knowledge about dental health before and after reading a self-instructional manual in Spanish was tested by questionnaires. The test persons were also interviewed about their dietary habits. The results showed an improvement of 30% of right answers after reading the manual and that a frequent sugar consumption was common. This indicates that a self-instructional manual can be of value in oral health prevention in a similar group of non-resident immigrants.

Adult

Preadmission self-instruction effects on postadmission and postoperative indicators in CABG patients: partial replication and extension.

Fifty adult coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients were randomly assigned to preadmission self-instruction or posthospital admission instruction of therapeutic exercises (e.g., coughing). Self-instructed subjects reported higher positive mood scores, performed correctly significantly more exercise behaviors, and required less teaching time following hospital admission. Postoperatively, no group differences were found on mood states, physical activity, analgesic use, or length of hospital stay. Both groups, however, tended to use less pain medication than that reported by other researchers and experience shorter hospital stays than that assigned under the Diagnostic Related Groups prescription.

Adaptation, Psychological

Evaluation of a training manual for the acquisition of behavioral assessment interviewing skills.

Two procedures were used to teach behavioral assessment interviewing skills: a training manual and one-to-one instruction that included modeling, rehearsal, and feedback. Two graduate students and two advanced undergraduates were trained with each procedure. Interviewing skills were recorded in simulated assessment interviews conducted by each student across baseline and treatment conditions. Each training procedure was evaluated in a multiple baseline across students design. The results showed that both procedures were effective for training behavioral interviewing skills, with all students reaching a level of 90%-100% correct responding. Finally, a group of experts in behavior analysis rated each interviewing skill as relevant to the conduct of an assessment interview and a group of behavioral clinicians socially validated the outcomes of the two procedures.

Adult

Effectiveness of a programmed instruction module on oral contraceptives.

To determine effectiveness of a programmed instruction module (PIM) on oral contraceptives, during their obstetric experience 34 nursing students in the Department of Nursing at the California State University, Long Beach, were assigned to three groups, two experimental groups and one control group. In the first experimental group 12 students worked independently, at their own pace, using a PIM developed by the investigator. In the second experimental group the investigator taught 11 students the same content by the lecture-discussion (LD) method. For comparison purposes, a third group of 11 students (control) received their instruction on the topic via regular classroom teaching. No significant difference was found between the PIM AND LD groups. However, a significant (p less than .01) gain in knowledge regarding oral contraceptives was found when these two groups were compared to the regular classroom instruction group. In addition, over half of the students who used the PIM preferred this method of teaching.

Achievement

Cardiovascular disease education in Texas health education classes -- a needs assessment.

This study ascertained to what extent cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors are taught in public secondary health education classes in Texas, the disparity between what is taught and what is desired in terms of time allotment and educational materials, to what extent health education teachers are academically prepared to teach cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors, and to what extent teachers utilize self-instructional materials. A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of health education teachers in Texas. There was a return of 45.4%. The findings indicated that more time is devoted to teaching the cardiovascular system than disease and risk factors; there is a disparity between what is taught and what is desired; the teachers rated their preparation as average; and the use of self-instructional materials by high school students as average to excellent.

Cardiovascular Diseases

Evaluation of an integrated multi-media learning system.

Two teaching methods were compared: (1) the traditional way with textbooks, practical guidance, personal demonstration, and (2) an integrated multimedia system with text programme, slide-sound-show accompanying the experiment, and lecturer. Two samples of thirty-one students each were classified in twin groups by means of psychological tests. Both groups worked with the identical pretest/post-test and different training procedures. The integrated multi-media system produced highly significant more gain in the theoretical sphere, greater personal confidence, and lower experimental error. Furthermore positive attitude of the students towards the experiment was demonstrated. The improved performance was statistically proved by t-test and covariance analysis.

Audiovisual Aids