Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Prematurity”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[The relation between the clinical state of the premature and the development of 3rd stage of retinopathy of prematurity].

The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic value of some pathologies related to prematurity in the development of stage 3 ROP in children with extremely low birth-weight. The group of 35 prematures with diagnosed 3rd stage ROP and 64 prematures without ROP was examined. The presence of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and intraventricular haemorrhages (IVH) were analyzed. RDS was more frequent in prematures with 3rd stage ROP (p=0.005, OR=3.59). There was significant difference between the frequency of IVH in both groups (p = 0.03), but the odds ratio was significantly high only in the children with the 3rd stage IVH (OR=2.42). PDA was diagnosed more frequently in children with 3rd stage ROP but the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.1 52, OR=1.80). There was significant difference between the groups when comparing the incidence of NEC (p=0.03, OR=3.34). The pathologies of the prematurity such as RDS, NEC and grade III IVH are the predictive factors for the development of stage 3 ROP (p=0.03, OR=3.34).

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The importance of betamimetics and magnesium for the outcome of pregnancy: I. Reduction of intrauterine growth retardation, premature rupture of membranes and premature birth after supplemental magnesium therapy].

Of 4 905 single pregnancies recorded within a 4 year period (1979-1982) 882 (18%) were risk pregnancies managed with Betamimetics (B); of these 348 (7,1%) had tocolysis (T) and 534 (10,9%) tocolysis and cerclage (T/C). Since the end of 1979 the patients received in addition to the Betamimetic a K-Mg-Vitamin drug (Feto-Longoral) aimed at "Cardioprotection", and since the beginning of 1981 30-40 mval oral Mg daily in the form of Magnesium aspartate (Mg 5-Longoral) to "support tocolysis". The mean age, parity, percentage with Magnesium therapy, the pregnancy outcome using a gestational age limit less than or equal to 36 weeks, the frequency of premature ruptured membranes (PROM) in premature and mature infants as well as the number of intrauterine growth retarded infants (IUR) (less than 10th percentile BPE) were yearly evaluated and compared for both risk collectives T and T/C as well as for the normal collectives (N). While only 2% of the normal collectives had a pregnancy duration of less than or equal to 36 weeks (completed) the figure was five fold in both T and T/C groups, and however was yearly reduced in the T/C group from 11,0% (1979) to 4,9% (1982). The frequency of PROM with premature infants in the T and T/C groups is about 6% (N-collectives about 1%). It is however reduced in the T/C group in 1981 to 2,2% and in 1982 to 1,6%. For mature infants it is N: 17-12% (fluctuating) and B (T + T/C): 22-11% (yearly decreasing). The rate of IUR (less than 10th percentile BPE) in the T and T/C groups in 1979 was 22,2 and 20,5% respectively and in 1980 12,6 and 17,5% respectively. It is further reduced in 1981 to 11,6 and 8,8% respectively and in 1982 to 9,7 and 10,6% respectively (N-collectives between 8,3 and 11,5%). The "weight gain" exceeds the 25th percentile (Hohenauer): 1979 and 1980 for B: 33,1 and 30,2% respectively, and 1981 and 1982 for B: 25,4 and 24,2% respectively (N between 26,5 and 19,5%). The results show that patients with tocolysis--with or without cerclage--have more premature and growth-retarded infants than normal collectives (a sign of more placenta insufficiencies). In the two years where Magnesium was supplemented at 30-40 mval daily, short term pregnancies, the PROM frequency and the IUR rate decreased (statistically evaluated). It could thus be concluded that a relative Magnesium deficiency might have been responsible for a certain percentage of premature births and hypotrophic infants and that better results were obtained after Magnesium substitution.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1981

[Prematurity risk according to prematurity risk score and postpartal morbidity of the newborn infants (author's transl)].

Risk of premature birth was evaluated retrospectively in 610 women in the first days after delivery using the prematurity risk score published by Thalhammer 1973. The calculated risk of premature birth was compared than prospectively to postpartal morbidity of the newborn infants as determined by duration of hospital stay, incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, need of artificial ventilation and mortality. A positive correlation could be found between risk of premature birth and postpartal morbidity of the newborn infants especially in small premature infants with birthweights of 2000 grams and less. The same correlation existed also in two groups of infants out of two different obstetric clinics which showed the same distribution of prenatal risks and the same prenatal care frequencies. It clearly becomes evident that infants with the same prenatal risks but good prenatal care during pregnancy had much lower hospital stays, lower respiratory distress frequencies and lower mortality rates than babies delivered from pregnancies badly cared for. These prenatal care related differences in postpartum morbidity again were much more evident in infants out of lower birth weight classes.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1990

Multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity. Three-month outcome. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group.

We report the results of the national multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity, as determined 3 months after randomization. The threshold severity of retinopathy required for entry into the clinical trial was defined as five or more contiguous or eight cumulative 30 degree sectors (clock hours) of stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity in zone 1 or 2. Transscleral cryotherapy to the avascular retina was applied in one eye when there was threshold retinopathy in both eyes, or in half the eyes when the threshold severity existed in only one eye (18% of patients). Of the 279 infants who survived 3 months following randomization, 273 returned for outcome examination at that time. Of these infants, 260 had fundus photographs taken that could be graded for anatomic outcome. An unfavorable outcome was defined as posterior retinal detachment, posterior retinal fold (usually involving the macula), or retrolental tissue that obscured the view of the posterior pole. Whereas 51.4% of control eyes had an unfavorable outcome, this was significantly less frequent in the eyes that received cryotherapy (31.1%). No deaths were attributed to the cryotherapy procedure. These data, together with numerous additional ocular findings and preliminary 12-month postrandomization outcome results reported herein, support the efficacy of cryotherapy in reducing the risk of unfavorable ocular outcome from threshold retinopathy of prematurity. We have previously recommended cryotherapy for at least one eye in all patients with threshold retinopathy of prematurity. Now we add the recommendation cryotherapy be considered for both eyes whenever stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity involves the posterior retina (zone 1) of both eyes.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Early retinal vessel development and iris vessel dilatation as factors in retinopathy of prematurity. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP) Cooperative Group.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the extent of retinal vessel development present on early screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity has prognostic value? DESIGN: The prospectively collected data from the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity were used to compare the development of acute retinopathy of prematurity and long-term structural and visual outcomes for eyes with differing extents of retinal vessel development. PATIENT: Study patients had eyes with the following vessel development. In zone I eyes, vessels extended from the disc less than twice the distance from the disc to the macula. In zone II eyes, vessels extended beyond zone I but not to the nasal ora serrata. Transitional eyes had vessels partly in zone I and partly in zone II. RESULTS: The chance of developing threshold retinopathy of prematurity was inversely related to the early degree of vessel development: 54% for zone I eyes, 25% for transitional eyes, and 8% for zone II eyes. The presence of prominent iris vessels at 34 to 35 weeks of postmenstrual age was associated with increased risk for all three groups; zone I eyes almost always needed treatment (94%). The chance of having an unfavorable anatomic alteration of the posterior fundus, or poor vision at the ages of 1 year and 3 1/2 years, was also inversely related to the degree of early vessel development. Vessel development was an independently important factor even when birth weight, gestational age, and race were considered. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of early retinal vessel development is a significant predictor of outcome from retinopathy of prematurity. Iris vessel dilatation is an important indication for greater vigilance in following these infants.

Cryosurgery↗
PubMed1976

The mechanical properties of prematurely and non--prematurely ruptured membranes. Methods and preliminary results.

The mechanical properties of the chorioamniotic membranes have been studied by several investigators over the past 100 years. No relationship between membrane strength, as measured by rupture tension, and premature or non-premature rupture of the membranes has been demonstrable. In the present study, several measures of the mechanical properties of the chorioamniotic membranes were examined. These included thickness, rupture tension, work to rupture, strain to rupture, and moduli of elasticity (Young). Prematurely and non-prematurely ruptured membranes differed with respect to thickness near the rupture site and Young's modulus near the placenta. Differences between the groups for the other parameters were not significant. This study suggests that there may be inherent differences between membranes which rupture prematurely and those which do not.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2000

Premature ovarian failure is not premature menopause.

Normal menopause occurs at an average age of 50 and results from ovarian follicle depletion. Normal menopause is an irreversible condition, whereas premature ovarian failure is characterized by intermittent ovarian function in half of these young women. These young women produce estrogen intermittently and sometimes even ovulate despite the presence of high gonadotropin levels. Indeed, pregnancy has occurred after a diagnosis of premature ovarian failure. On pelvic ultrasound examination, follicles were equally likely to be detected in patients more than 6 years after a diagnosis of premature ovarian failure as in patients less than 6 years after the diagnosis. Thus, the probability of detecting a follicle appears to remain stable during the normal reproductive lifespan of these young women. Indeed, pregnancy was reported in a 44-year-old woman 16 years after a diagnosis of premature ovarian failure. No treatment to restore fertility in patients with premature ovarian failure has proved to be safe and effective in prospective controlled studies. Theoretically, these unproved therapies might even prevent one of these spontaneous pregnancies from occurring.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Acute retinopathy of prematurity: shift of the manifestation risk to extremely premature infants by neonatal intensive care medicine].

A total of 381 surviving prematures (birthweight less than or equal to 2500 g) at the heidelberg University Children's Hospital were examined ophthalmologically between January 1986 and June 1988. Of the 762 eyes, 112 (14.7%) showed acute retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In our study, a correlation between birthweight, gestational age and retinopathy of prematurity was confirmed. In addition, the results concerning severity, differences between the right and left eye, and the incidence in twins and multiple births were demonstrated. Data were compared with the data in 29 papers dealing with the prevalence of acute ROP since 1968: 12,468 preterm infants were investigated in all papers; 2,087 of these infants (16.7%) showed ROP. In the literature, 8.4% of the premature babies with a birthweight of 1501 to 2500 g were found to have ROP. In our group with the same birthweight, only one baby (birthweight 1510 g) had retinopathy (0.6%). The fact that the average ROP prevalence has not changed significantly indicates that the risk of having retinopathy of prematurity has switched over to the more immature preterms, whose prognosis of survival has improved in the last few years as a result of the improvement in neonatal care.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity. 3 1/2-year outcome--structure and function. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group.

Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group Reports from the 3- and 12-month follow-up examinations in the Multicenter Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity trial indicated a beneficial effect of cryotherapy in the treatment of severe retinopathy of prematurity. This report provides results from the 3 1/2-year follow-up examination on 92% of the 256 survivors from the original cohort of 291 infants in the randomized trial. Functional outcome was evaluated by masked assessment of letter acuity using the HOTV crowded letter test and grating acuity using the Teller Acuity Card procedure. Structural outcome was evaluated by physician's assessment of retinopathy of prematurity residua in the posterior pole. All three outcome measures showed a reduction in unfavorable outcomes in treated vs control eyes: 46.6% vs 57.5% (P < .01) for letter acuity, 52.4% vs 65.6% (P < .001) for grating acuity, and 26.1% vs 45.4% (P < .001) for posterior pole status. These results support the long-term efficacy and safety of cryotherapy in the treatment of severe retinopathy of prematurity.

Cryosurgery↗
PubMed1976

[Clinical problems of premature labor. 1. Diagnosis of threatening premature labor and the screening procedure].

At first the allround etiology of premature birth is explained in the paper. There are to distinguish three groups: 1. Causes with known etiologic mechanism. 2. Causes with partly known etiologic mechanism. 3. Dispositions for premature birth. These are concluded from statistically investigations. In the last group are collected the patients from which are established some known scores for diagnosis of the risk of premature birth. All the scores but have a detriment. If they want to detect about 90% from premature births one must carry out examination and observation about 40% from all pregnant women. For this the scores are not suitable for selection of patients to observe in a special consultation. The organised care for pregnant women must be in such a way that all the criterias of imminent prematurity will be detected. This way has been successfull in our hospital.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence and course of strabismus in the first year of life for infants with prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity: findings from the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity study.

OBJECTIVE: To present strabismus data for premature infants with prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) enrolled in the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity study. DESIGN: The prevalence of strabismus was tabulated for all of the infants with high-risk prethreshold disease who participated in the randomized trial of the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity study and were examined at 6 and/or 9 months' corrected age as well as for all of the infants with low-risk prethreshold disease who were examined at 6 months' corrected age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence or absence of strabismus at 6 and 9 months' corrected age. RESULTS: The prevalence of strabismus at 6 months was higher for infants with high-risk prethreshold ROP than for those with low-risk prethreshold ROP (20.3% vs 9.6%, respectively; P<.001). Risk factors associated with the development of strabismus at 9 months include abnormal fixation behavior, presence of amblyopia, and outborn birth status (ie, born outside of a study-affiliated hospital). At 9 months, 30% of infants with high-risk prethreshold ROP had strabismus, although only 42% showed strabismus at 6 months. Thirty percent of infants with strabismus at 6 months showed normal alignment at 9 months. CONCLUSIONS: Infants with high-risk prethreshold ROP show significant variability in the presence vs absence of strabismus in the first year of life; thus, conservative management is recommended. APPLICATION TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Ophthalmologists managing strabismus in infants who have high-risk prethreshold ROP should be aware of the significant variability in ocular alignment during the first year of life.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Antibiotics for preterm premature rupture of membranes.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the review was to evaluate the effectiveness and the immediate and long-term safety of the effects of administering antibiotics to women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes on maternal infectious morbidity, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, and longer term childhood development. SEARCH STRATEGY: All randomized trials identified using the search strategy described by the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group. SELECTION CRITERIA: All trials which reported clinically relevant outcomes (as opposed to laboratory data) were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted from each report without any blinding of either the results or the treatments which women received. Unpublished data were sought from a number of authors. MAIN RESULTS: Antibiotic treatment following pPROM is effective at prolonging pregnancy and reducing maternal and neonatal infectious morbidity. There is no statisically proven benefit that their use improves neonatal mortality and morbidity in the short or long term. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There are insufficient data to recommend routine prescription of antibiotics in this clinical situation. Research into this area should continue.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Studies on equine prematurity 2: Post natal adrenocortical activity in relation to plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone and catecholamine levels in term and premature foals.

Adrenocortical and medullary function was investigated during the immediate post natal period in premature and full term foals. High plasma cortisol concentrations were characteristic of the term foals in the first 2 h after birth and these were accompanied by significant arteriovenous differences in plasma cortisol across the umbilical circulation at birth, indicating enhanced adrenal activity before delivery. No such arteriovenous differences were detected in the premature group and post natal changes in plasma cortisol were minimal. The apparent inability of the premature foal adrenal to secrete cortisol was not due to the lack of endogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) because high levels of this hormone were found immediately after birth in both groups of foals. Tests on the sensitivity of the foal adrenal to exogenous ACTH1-24 (0.125 mg intramuscularly [im]) showed that a maximum response to this hormone could be elicited in term foals on the day of birth. Subsequently basal cortisol levels and the response of the adrenal to ACTH1-24 declined. By contrast, only a slight response was observed following the same dose of ACTH1-24 in the premature group. Exposure to Depot ACTH1-24 over 24 h enhanced the basal secretion of cortisol in both premature and term foals but no consistent response to the same ACTH test dose could be elicited in the former. A wide range of total plasma catecholamine concentrations was observed in both groups of newborn foals. The highest values were seen in acidotic animals and there was a significant inverse relationship between blood pH and total plasma catecholamine level at delivery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A C597-->A polymorphism in the Norrie disease gene is associated with advanced retinopathy of prematurity in premature Kuwaiti infants.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vascular disease which occurs in infants with a short gestational age and low birth weight and may lead to retinal detachment and blindness. In some premature infants, ROP progresses to advanced stages despite rigorous intervention, but in the majority, it spontaneously regresses before the threshold stage. Genetic factors, e.g. mutations in the Norrie disease (ND) gene, have been implicated in determining the progression of ROP to advanced stages. We have identified a novel C597A polymorphism of the ND gene; we screened this and another mutation in the ND gene, C110G, in 210 premature Kuwaiti infants using PCR-RFLP, DNA sequence analysis and DNA enzyme immunoassay hybridization to investigate their association with advanced-stage ROP. In this cohort of premature Kuwaiti newborns, 115 of 210 babies had no eye problems and served as controls, while 95 were found to have ROP. In 71 of the 95 ROP cases, the disease spontaneously regressed at or before stage 3, while in 24 of 95 ROP cases, the disease progressed to advanced stages 4 or 5. The incidence of the AA genotype of the C597A polymorphism was considerably higher in advanced-stage ROP cases (83.3%) compared to spontaneously regressing ROP cases (0%) and the normal controls (10.4%) (p < 0.0001). For the other genotypes, no significant difference was detected between the controls and ROP cases. In the case of the C110G mutation in the ND gene, no significant differences were detected between the controls and ROP cases, and the majority of subjects had a CC genotype in all three groups.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1995

Change of refraction in premature infants after cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity between the age of six months and three years.

To investigate the chronological change of refraction in premature infants after cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), cycloplegic refractions had been performed at 6 months and 3 years after term in premature infants who underwent cryotherapy for ROP. The changes of refractions between the two study ages were evaluated not only in the total cryo-treated eyes, but also in the subdivided groups according to the posterior pole appearances. In the total 61 eyes of 32 premature infants, mean spherical equivalents were -4.05D vs. -5.94D (6 months vs. 3 years) (p = 0.0001). In the normal posterior pole group (48 eyes), mean spherical equivalents were -3.45D vs. -5.68D (6 months vs. 3 years) (p = 0.0000), and in the abnormal posterior pole group (13 eyes), -6.28D vs. -6.86D (6 months vs. 3 years) (p = 0.6496). These results mean that there is a myopic progressive change between 6 months and 3 years after term in the cryo-treated eyes for acute ROP and it is more evident in the eyes with normal posterior pole.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Premature rupture of fetal membranes and premature labor].

The portion of early rupture of the membranes among 521 premature births from 1962 to 1971 was 43.4%. The statistically sure effects of the early rupture of the fetal membranes to some irregularities in pregnancy and delivery on 214 premature births are reported, compared with 202 premature births without early rupture of the membranes. Twins are not considered. The therapeutic management of that time in the hospital consisted of staying in bed without tokolytics or antibiotics. After premature rupture of fetal membranes occured very often: irregular obstetrical presentation, hemorrhage and fever during labour, cesarean section and forceps delivery; the perinatal morbidity was increased. From that aspects for prophylaxis and therapy were deduced.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1999

[Ureaplasma urealyticum infection and premature delivery or premature rupture of the membrane].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationships between ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection and premature delivery or premature rupture of the membrane (PROM). METHODS: The cervical swabs, fetal membrane and umbilical cord from 46 cases of PROM, 7 cases of premature delivery (study group), and 32 normal pregnancies (control group) were cultured for UU. Some of these placenta tissues were examined under electron microscopy, and compared with the purified UU. RESULTS: The detective rates of UU were both 73.6% (39/53) in the cervix and fetal membrane of the study group, and to compare with the control group (40.6%, 13/32 and 15.6%, 5/32 respectively), significant differences were shown (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). The prevalence rate of perinatal mortality, stillbirth and low birth weight in UU-positive cases (34.1%, 15/44) was significantly higher than that in UU-negative cases (7.3%, 3/41, P < 0.01). Electron microscopy demonstrated that large amount of small multiplicated UU particles deposited around the nuclear membrane of the cytotrophoblasts and in the collagen fibers from the placenta of PROM, and its shape was in consistent with that of the purified UU. In contrast, no UU particles was seen in the normal control group. CONCLUSION: The results show that UU is responsible for some cases of premature delivery, low birth weight and PROM. The multiplication of UU within the trophoblasts may disrupt cell structure which could interfere the normal fetal development.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the early therapy of preterm premature rupture of the membrane or threatened abortion and premature delivery].

The efficacy and safety of early therapy with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) were studied in patients who had chorioamnionitis with preterm PROM or threatened abortion and premature delivery. The following results were obtained. 1. The clinical efficacy of IPM/CS administered by intravenous drip infusion at daily dosages of 1 to 2 g as concurrent treatment with antiuteronics (ritodrine hydrochloride or terbutaline sulfate) was studied in patients with threatened abortion and premature delivery in the 11th to 34th week of pregnancy (n = 9), or premature PROM in the 23rd to 36th week (n = 9). 2. Response to IPM/CS were good in all of the patients with threatened abortion and premature delivery. Latent periods were prolonged for more than 7 days in 44.4% (4/9) of the patients with preterm PROM. 3. Changes in elastase appeared to be significant as those in CRP for inflammatory markers. 4. These findings combined with our previous results indicate that treatment of preterm PROM before the 32nd of pregnancy prolongs the latent period.

Abortion, Threatened↗