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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Background ionizing radiation plays a minor role in the production of chromosome translocations in a control population.

PURPOSE: To obtain a relationship between background chromosome translocation frequency and age with translocation frequency measured to a high statistical precision, and to identify the role of background ionizing radiation in the production of chromosome translocations in a control population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lymphocytes from 35 healthy control individuals (15 females and 20 males) were scored, using fluorescence in situ hybridization, for the presence of chromosomal translocations. Translocation frequencies were measured to a high statistical precision (s.d. 25% or less for each individual). These control subjects were of varying ages, ranging from 0 (cord blood) to 98 years. RESULTS: In a total of 521,492 metaphases (203,754 genome equivalent cells) scored, an average of 5,822 genome equivalent cells per individual, 764 translocations were observed in the 35 individuals. The translocation frequencies ranged from 0 (for cord blood) to 0.0167 (for a 98 year old) translocations per cell. The average age and translocation frequency was 50 years and 0.004 translocations per cell, respectively. The best fit of the relationship between translocations and age was: Y=7x10(-4)+6.9x10(-6)A+1.35x10(-6)A2, which does not obey the linear relationship expected from chronic background radiation alone. The curvilinear relationship observed clearly shows that other endogenous and exogenous clastogens or clastogenic events, in addition to radiation, serve to generate chromosome translocations in control populations. CONCLUSION: The background translocation frequency in control individuals follows a curvilinear relationship with age. No significant variation was observed between individuals of the same age. Clastogenic processes of normal aging and physiological factors in additional to ionizing radiation play a major role in the production of chromosome translocations in a control population. Background radiation, however, appears to play a minor role in chromosome translocation production in control individuals living near sea level.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Causes of death in polymyalgia rheumatica. A prospective longitudinal study of 315 cases and matched population controls.

OBJECTIVE: To determine causes of death in patients with pure polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) compared to matched population controls. METHODS: In a population based study from 1987-1997, 315 patients were diagnosed with PMR. The patients were each randomly assigned four population controls, totally 1,260 controls. The date and causes of death were identified from the data files at Statistics Norway up to the end of 1997. RESULTS: A total of 65 cases (20.6%) with PMR died compared to 338 (26.8%) among the controls (mortality rate ratio (MRR) = 0.73, 95% CI 0.56-0.97, p = 0.03). No statistically significant difference was found between patients and controls with regard to mortality from coronary heart disease or stroke (MRR=0.78, 95% CI 0.52-1.18), cancer (MRR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.30-1.17), and other causes (MRR=0.75, 95% CI 0.48-1.17). CONCLUSION: The increased survival found in patients with PMR could not be explained by reduction in any particular cause of death.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Population explosion and population control programmes in Bangladesh: an overview.

"The authors discuss in detail efforts made by [the] Bangladesh Government to control its population through planned efforts since 1953. Covering persistent setbacks and reasons thereof in governmental efforts, the authors highlight shifts in policies and strategy.... The [government family planning] programme provides a wide range of contraceptive choice to eligible couples in a manner as acceptable and convenient as possible to the client. The programme is totally voluntary and the government is firmly opposed to coercion or pressure on couples to accept contraception. As a strategy, the programme has integrated health and [family planning] while various ministries have attempted to encourage the acceptance of low-fertility behaviour through socio-economic incentives and educational motivation programmes."

Asia↗
PubMed1976

Socio-cultural modalities in population control.

Overpopulation with its identifiable and noxious results, is probably the most ominous and potentially destructive condition existing in current world society. The etiology of this problem includes the failure of mankind to develop compatible interrelationships between members of his own family, clan, society, and world population. The author predicts that all efforts to achieve world population control will be essentially ineffective unless the insights of the holistically oriented science of social psychiatry are refined into principles and rules which direct population control endeavors. This paper reviews the extent and severity of the problem and stresses the need for the operational implementation of the value systems and methodologies of social psychiatry. The author believes that effective population control is possible if the actions of world leaders are directed toward efforts to achieve satisfaction of the basic (Ur) needs of all individuals and groups for physical survival, socialization, and transcendence.

Community Psychiatry↗
PubMed1978

Field independence and attitudes toward population control.

The hypothesis that differences between field independence and dependence would lead to different attitudes about population control activities was tested using 37 students as subjects. The Hidden Figures Test was used to measure field independence while an author-developed scale assessed attitudes. Expected relationships were found; field-independent persons were more independent of the opinions of others, agreed with active population control measures, and were in favor of smaller family size.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of a population roster as a source of population controls: the Massachusetts Resident Lists.

Published population rosters can serve as a convenient source of population controls. The authors evaluated one such roster, the Massachusetts Resident Lists, by estimating the completeness of the Lists and by describing the differences between persons included and not included on the Lists. The subjects were cases from three case-control studies of ovarian cancer conducted in eastern Massachusetts between 1978 and 1996. For each of the three case series, more than 90% of the cases were located on the Resident Lists. Age was one of the primary differences to emerge between cases included and not included; in the most recent case series, cases younger than age 40 years were less likely than older cases to be included on the Lists.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Survival and causes of secondary mortality in patients undergoing coronary bypass. Comparison with a same age control population].

During 10 years, 867 patients in whom the same surgical team had performed coronary bypass were followed up regularly without any of them being lost sight of. Moreover, the cause of all deaths in this group could be determined fairly accurately. A comparison of mortality between these patients and an age-matched control population studied longitudinally, year after year, showed that the mortality rate in the surgical group was slightly higher than in the control group (84 vs 77). Conversely, when the operative mortality was discounted, it appeared that the patients who survived coronary bypass had a much better survival than the control population (47 vs 77). Without any doubt, the prognosis for life is improved by surgery. In particular, patients with three-vessel disease (58 per cent), tight stenosis of the common coronary artery (10-25 per cent) or altered ventricular ejection fraction (about 30 per cent) would probably have died without myocardial revascularization. However, this study produced a rather astonishing result: compared with the control population, the decrease of long-term mortality in patients who survived coronary bypass was due not only to the decrease of cardiovascular deaths (16 vs 24) but also of deaths due to cancer (15 vs 27) or to other causes (16 vs 26). This suggests that a more hygienic life and a correct medical follow-up contribute to a large extent to the long-term survival of these surgical patients.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Optimal population control with uncertain output.

"This note has shown how the techniques of stochastic control theory can be used to analyze the impact of uncertainty about non-labour inputs on optimal population control expenditure. While we have chosen very simple structure, it has allowed us to isolate the channels through which uncertainty affects the optimal plan, in this case causing expected expenditure on control to rise more slowly or fall more rapidly than its deterministic counterpart. Given the long-term implications of changes in population growth at any instant, and the stochastic nature of the environment in which control decisions are made, it is likely that useful insights could be obtained by extending the stochastic control approach to more complicated population control structures."

Demography↗
PubMed2002

No increased frequency of malignant neoplasms in polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis. A prospective longitudinal study of 398 cases and matched population controls.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and incidence of cancer in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and temporal arteritis (TA) compared to matched population controls. METHODS: In a population based study 1987-97, 398 patients were diagnosed with PMR or TA. Each patient was randomly assigned 4 age and sex matched controls from the same county, totaling 1592 controls. All patients and controls were cross-checked with data files at the Cancer Registry of Norway, for cancers registered up to the end of 1998. RESULTS: Prior to inclusion, cancer was diagnosed in 32 patients with PMR or TA (8.0%) and 153 controls (9.6%) (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.55-1.22, p = 0.3). After inclusion, malignant neoplasms were discovered in 34 patients with PMR or TA (9.3%) compared to 143 controls (10.8%) (relative risk 0.86, 95% CI 0.59-1.26, p = 0.4). Thus there was no difference between patients with PMR or TA and their controls regarding prevalence or incidence of cancer. The interval between inclusion and the time of diagnosis of malignant neoplasm did not differ between patients and controls. No significant difference in types or localization of malignant neoplasms was found in patients compared to controls. CONCLUSION: No differences were found in frequencies or types of malignant neoplasms between patients with PMR or TA and population controls. Neither PMR nor TA as defined by present diagnostic criteria appears associated with cancer.

Giant Cell Arteritis↗
PubMed1977

Parallel studies of HLA antigens in patients with rheumatic heart disease and scleritis: comparisons with three control populations.

Parallel studies were carried out on HLA antigens in patients with rheumatic heart disease and scleritis. Comparison with one control population showed a significant excess of BW15 in both disease samples, while a comparison with two other control populations, showed the excess not to be significant. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed, together with the effect on statistical significance of a small percentage of false antigen assignments in one of the samples. A small systematic serological false assignment of an antigen can, by itself, produce a significant result more easily if the frequency of the antigen being detected is low than if it is high. It is suggested that this effect may contribute to the discrepant significant results obtained by different workers in some HLA and disease studies.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1976

Casual, basal and supplemental blood pressures in 519 first-degree relatives of substantial hypertensive patients and in 350 population controls.

1. The casual blood pressure is the sum of the relatively stable basal pressure taken under defined conditions of rest and the labile supplemental pressure (casual minus basal), which represents the response to the current degree of physical, mental and probably metabolic stimulation. 2. The basal and supplemental blood pressures behave differently and it seems likely that different factors are involved in their pathogenesis. 3. The 5 and 8 years follow-up mortality is closely related to the basal pressure but not to the supplemental pressure. 4. The rise with age in the basal blood pressure is greater in the relatives of substantial hypertensive patients than in population control subjects. 5. Above the age group 30-39 years there is an increase in the rate of rise of the mean basal blood pressure with age among the first-degree relatives of hypertensive patients. In a population control group an acceleration in the rate of rise of the mean basal blood pressure with age also occurs but a decade or more later than in the relatives of hypertensive patients. 6. In males the mean supplemental pressures (systolic and diastolic) do not rise appreciably with age and the mean supplemental pressures of first-degree relatives and control subjects do not differ appreciably. 7. In females the mean supplemental pressures rise with age but, except after age 60 years, the pressure rise in first-degree relatives is only a little greater than in control subjects. 8. When hypertensive patients with similar casual blood pressures are compared the basal blood pressures are higher in patients with glomerulonephritis than in essential hypertensive patients. 9. In the first-degree relatives of substantial hypertensive patients high-ranking basal blood pressures occur much more frequently than in general population control subjects. 10. The close resemblance of the blood pressures in like twins indicates that genetic or familial factors have an important influence on blood pressure, and on the occurrence of frank hypertension.

Adolescent↗