Transplant of acquired resistance to Polyplax serrata (Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) in skin allografts to athymic mice.
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Review of the species of Rallicola (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the woodcreepers (Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptinae).
Sixteen species of chewing lice in the genus Rallicola are recognized and described from members of the passerine subfamily Dendrocolaptinae. These include 12 previously described species and 4 new ones: R. keymerae from Dendrocolaptes picumnus, R. lyali from Xiphocolaptes major, R. harveyi from Deconychura longicauda, and R. palmai from Campylorhamphus trochilirostris. New synonymies include R. guttata and R. pyriglena, both of which are junior synonyms of R. chunchotambo, and R. certhia microgenitalia, which is a junior synonym of R. colombiana. A key is provided for identification of the species treated herein.
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Two new subgenera of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) from pocket gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae), with a key to all included taxa.
The new subgenera Thaelerius and Jamespattonius are described, respectively, for the eight species of Geomydoecus in the thomomyus complex of lice and the four species of Thomomydoecus in the wardi complex. Except for T. byersi Hellenthal & Price from Thomomys bottae (Eydoux & Gervais), these lice are restricted to the Thomomys talpoides (Richardson) complex of pocket gophers and are the only lice found on these hosts. A key is given for the identification of the currently recognized 122 taxa of pocket gopher lice.
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Review of the species of Rallicola (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the antbirds, ovenbirds, and tapaculos (Passeriformes).
Fourteen species of chewing lice in the genus Rallicola are recognized and described from members of the passerine families Thamnophilidae, Furnariidae (subfamily Furnariinae), and Rhinocryptidae. These include 10 previously described species and four new ones: R. mooreae from Premnoplex brunnescens (Sclater), R. leeae from Thripadectes melanorhynchus (Tschudi), R. tompkinsi from Sclerurus caudacutus (Vieillot), and R. hambleri from Syndactyla rufosuperciliata (Lafresnaye). New synonymies include R. acutifrons subsimilis (Carriker) and R. a. chocoana (Carriker), which are both junior synonyms of R. acutifrons (Carriker), and R. mirandae (Carriker), R. punensis (Carriker), R. myrmeciza (Carriker), and R. hylactiphaga canae (Carriker), which are, respectively, junior synonyms of R. laticephala (Carriker), R. titicacae (Carriker), R. heterocephala (Carriker), and R. hylactiphaga (Carriker). A key is provided for identification of the species treated herein.
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Taxonomic review of Cotingacola (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the cotingas (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae), with descriptions of two new species.
The genus Cotingacola currently contains 14 species and subspecies described by Carriker. A careful examination of these reveals only 6 valid taxa with 8 names placed as junior synonyms. These new synonymies are Cotingacola rupicolae colombiana, C. latigastra, C. temporalis and C. longicrucis, synonyms of C. rupicolae; C. foramina, C. graciligastra and C. tityra, synonyms of C. tergalis; C. acuticeps, a synonym of C. dimorpha. Two new species are described from Peruvian material: C. stotzi (type host: Querula purpurata) and C. fitzpatricki (type host: Lipaugus subalaris). A key is provided for identification of the 8 species.
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Identification of Microthoracius mazzai (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) as an economically important parasite of alpacas.
The hematophagous sucking louse Microthoracius mazzai Werneck, 1932, is redescribed and identified as a parasite of alpacas, Lama pacos L. Specimens were collected on animals 10-14 mo old, located on a large community farm at 4,600 m above sea level in the Peruvian Andes. In total, 26 scanning electron microscope (SEM) figures are included that highlight salient and differential characteristics, especially the unique elongated spindle-shaped head, which is almost as long as its abdomen. Alpacas, 1 of the 4 species of South American camelids, are important for their production of high-quality wool in the Andes Mountain range countries, especially Peru and Bolivia; to a lesser degree Chile; and more recently Argentina, where breeding and disease control programs are receiving increased technical support. Information is given on the prevalence of lice infestations in the flock, clinical signs, and economic losses. We report the efficacy of moxidectin (SC, 200 mcg/kg, b.w.) in a repeated treatment program of 7-10 d, which is currently used for mange control in these ruminants.
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Resurrection of Craspedonirmus atricolor (Kellogg) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Brachyramphus marmoratum (Aves: Alcidae).
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Numerous gene rearrangements in the mitochondrial genome of the wallaby louse, Heterodoxus macropus (Phthiraptera).
The complete arrangement of genes in the mitochondrial (mt) genome is known for 12 species of insects, and part of the gene arrangement in the mt genome is known for over 300 other species of insects. The arrangement of genes in the mt genome is very conserved in insects studied, since all of the protein-coding and rRNA genes and most of the tRNA genes are arranged in the same way. We sequenced the entire mt genome of the wallaby louse, Heterodoxus macropus, which is 14,670 bp long and has the 37 genes typical of animals and some noncoding regions. The largest noncoding region is 73 bp long (93% A+T), and the second largest is 47 bp long (92% A+T). Both of these noncoding regions seem to be able to form stem-loop structures. The arrangement of genes in the mt genome of this louse is unlike that of any other animal studied. All tRNA genes have moved and/or inverted relative to the ancestral gene arrangement of insects, which is present in the fruit fly Drosophila yakuba. At least nine protein-coding genes (atp6, atp8, cox2, cob, nad1-nad3, nad5, and nad6) have moved; moreover, four of these genes (atp6, atp8, nad1, and nad3) have inverted. The large number of gene rearrangements in the mt genome of H. macropus is unprecedented for an arthropod.
Adenine↗
The louse Trinoton anserinum (Amblycera: Phthiraptera), an intermediate host of Sarconema eurycerca (Filarioidea: Nematoda), a heartworm of swans.
The role of the louse Trinoton anserinum (F) as an intermediate host of Sarconema eurycerca (Wehr) was investigated in swans. 8.3% of healthy swans carried one to twelve lice per bird, dispersed contagiously. Injured and lead-poisoned swans were more heavily infected. The mouthparts appear designed to penetrate the hosts' skin; the mandibles are robust and asymmetric, and the maxillae have a serrated intercutting surface. 22% fed exclusively on blood and 33% on both blood and feather. All life-cycle stages fed upon blood and the barbs and barbules from down feathers; hooklets from contour feathers were only found in adults. 9% of lice were infected with developing nematode larvae in the head, thorax or abdomen. Lice labelled with Technetium 99 m moved towards the scapulas and the wings. Lice were found to be highly active and were mobile.
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Pigeon lice down under: taxonomy of Australian Campanulotes (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), with a description of C. durdeni n. sp.
Campanulotes flavus (Rudow, 1869) from Phaps chalcoptera is redescribed and illustrated. C. defectus Tendeiro, 1969, erroneously recorded from the extinct passenger pigeon Ectopistes migratorius, is shown to be a junior synonym of C. flavus, thus removing it from the list of lice thought to have gone extinct with the passenger pigeon. C. flavus elegans (Tendeiro, 1978) from P. elegans is elevated to specific rank and redescribed. Finally, C. durdeni n. sp. is described from its type host Ocyphaps lophotes.
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Spatial partitioning of host habitat by chewing lice of the genera Geomydoecus and Thomomydoecus (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae).
Chewing lice, Geomydoecus and Thomomydoecus, coexist on pocket gophers, Thomomys spp. We investigated the spatial distribution of the 2 genera on their hosts and explored possible mechanisms of resource partitioning by chewing lice. Chewing lice appear to partition available host resources spatially, with Geomydoecus occurring primarily on the lateral and dorsal regions of the host, and Thomomydoecus occurring primarily on the lateral and ventral regions. Although spatial partitioning of the host habitat is evident, it does not appear to be explained by hair diameter. Spatial partitioning of the host's body could be the result of some other factor, possibly temperature or humidity gradients of the host's body.
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Louse-borne bacterial pathogens in lice (Phthiraptera) of rodents and cattle from Egypt.
We collected 1,023 lice, representing 5 species, from rats and domestic cattle throughout 13 governorates in Egypt and tested these lice for Anaplasma marginale, Bartonella spp., Brucella spp., Borrelia recurrentis, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, and Rickettsia spp. by PCR amplification and sequencing. Five different louse-borne bacterial agents were detected in lice from rodents or cattle, including "Bartonella rattimassiliensis", "B. phoceensis", and Bartonella sp. near Bartonella tribocorum, Coxiella burnetii, and Rickettsia typhi. More lice from governorates bordering the Mediterranean and Red Seas contained pathogens. Our data indicate that lice of urban and domestic animals harbor pathogenic or potentially pathogenic bacterial agents throughout Egypt.
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Reconsideration of the longiceps species group of the feather louse genus Columbicola (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) with descriptions of two new species.
We reconsidered the composition of the longiceps species group within Columbicola. Based primarily on head shape, the group is divided into the longiceps and the cavifrons groups, with 7 species in the former and 5 in the latter. Two new species are described: Columbicola claytoni (type host: Ducula rufigaster [Quoy and Gaimard]) and Columbicola malenkeae (type host: D. pacifica [J. E. Gmelin]). Columbicola wolffhuegeli (Eichler) is removed from synonymy with Columbicola longiceps (Rudow) and is recognized as a valid species. The true host for Columbicola paradoxus Tendeiro has been determined as Lopholaimus antarcticus (Shaw).
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Reduced taxonomic richness of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) in diving birds.
Avian lice occupy different habitats in the host plumage that the physical environment outside the host body may affect in several ways. Interactions between host plumage and water may be an important source of such effects. Here, we use a comparative approach to examine the effect of a host's diving behavior on the taxonomic richness of its lice. Louse genera richness was significantly lower in clades of diving birds than on their nondiving sister clades. Species richness of host and body mass did not differ significantly between these clades; thus, these factors did not bias our results. This study suggests that the hosts' diving behavior can effectively influence ectoparasite communities.
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Taxonomic review of Physconelloides (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the Columbiformes (aves), including descriptions of three new species.
We provide a comprehensive taxonomic review of Physconelloides, a genus of ischnoceran chewing lice found on pigeons and doves (Columbiformes). Thirteen previously known Physconelloides species are redescribed and 16 new synonymies are designated: P. rubripes Carriker, P. rubripes longulus Tendeiro, P. piotrowskii Tendeiro and P. auritae Tendeiro are synonyms of P. zenaidurae (McGregor); P. recurvatus Eichler, P. chocoensis Carriker and P. montana Carriker are synonyms of P. ceratoceps Ewing; P. silvestris Tendeiro is a synonym of P. perijae Carriker; P. keleri Kaddou and P. branderi Kaddou are synonyms of P. spenceri Emerson and Ward; P. wolfdietrichi Kaddou is a synonym of P. anolaimae Carriker; and Goniocotacanthus mattogrossensis Guimaraes, P. passerinae Emerson, P. eurysema pretiosa Carriker, P. talpacoti Carriker and P. picuii Tendeiro are synonyms of P. eurysema (Carriker). Three new species are also described: P. moyeri (type host Geotrygon linearis), P. johnsoni (type host Columbina passerina bahamensis), and P. robbinsi (type host Metriopelia ceciliae). A key is provided for identification of the 16 recognized species.
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[Alphabetical list of the hosts of Phthiraptera from the collection of the Institute of Parasitology of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris].
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Academies and Institutes↗
Ecological differences amoung four genera of Phthiraptera infesting south-eastern Brazilian humming-birds.
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Intraspecific morphometric variability of Goniocotes chrysocephalus (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera).
Morphometric variability of G. chrysocephalus was analysed and compared between and within the groups of individuals collected from single pheasant host (idiohostal populations) and from great number of hosts belonging to the same species (synhostal). The congruence of ranges of variation of 4 characters from 3 idio- and 1 synhostal population was examined. The arithmetic means of head width and abdomen as well as total body length of males from 2 idiohostal populations were statistically different from synhostal one. On the other hand, in the females such differences were only in the head width of idiohostal populations.
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