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Results for “Perceptual Disorders”

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PubMed1993

Effects of the manual laryngeal musculoskeletal tension reduction technique as a treatment for functional voice disorders: perceptual and acoustic measures.

During a 2-year period, 17 patients with "functional dysphonia" were assessed and managed in a hospital setting. A single treatment approach, known as manual laryngeal musculoskeletal tension reduction, was employed. The effects of the therapy regimen were analyzed using perceptual and acoustical measures of vocal function. The results indicated a significant change in the direction of "normal" vocal function in the majority of patients within one treatment session. Perceptual measures of severity were consistently more likely to be rated as normal following treatment. Acoustic measures of voice confirmed significant improvements in jitter, shimmer, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Results are discussed in terms of the clinical utility and effectiveness of this treatment approach for functional dysphonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Perceptual disorders of the peripheral visual field caused by alcohol. Studies with the automatic Octopus perimeter].

The present paper reports on examinations of temporal visual field perimetry with the Octopus computer-controlled automatic perimeter (Program 51). Nine subjects were tested under normal conditions and after consumption of alcohol. The Octopus represents a static examination method employing the grid perimetry principle. Under the influence of alcohol 7 subjects with blood alcohol concentrations of over 1 0/00 had visual fields which were concentrically restricted to various degrees, with relative scotomata centrally to the concentric restriction. In paired comparisons, reductions in sensitivity to light were found which were statistically highly significant. Previous investigations, conducted exclusively with kinetic perimeters, were unable to demonstrate the subjectively perceived concentric restriction of the visual field ("tunnel vision") following consumption of alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Perceptual disorders in a Turkish woman: hallucinations or pseudohallucinations?].

'Hallucinations' were diagnosed in a 41-year-old Turkish woman after the death of her father. The nature of hallucinations is often difficult to understand in patients of Turkish (or Moroccan) origin, as they can be diagnosed as a psychotic feature, or as a sign of dissociation, reexperiences, mourning, personality disorder or depression. Most of the time the symptoms can be regarded as culture-bound phenomena of psychosocial stress, often accompanied by somatoform complaints. In those cases they should be diagnosed as pseudohallucinations. Drug interventions only play a supportive role in the treatment of these symptoms. Joining the patients' explanatory model and exploring the psychological meaning of symptoms may be a rather difficult process which, however, may result in fewer symptoms in the end.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Classification of psychopathological conditions associated with perceptual disorders in narcolepsy].

Based on a clinical analysis of psychopathological conditions associated with perceptive disorders in patients with narcolepsy, an attempt was made of their syndromal qualification. The constituents of the syndrome distinguished (orientation disturbances, theatrical effectiveness of hallucinations with fantastic plot, participation of the patient in the capacity of an active character in the play, episodes of relatively short duration, their relation to the sleep-consciousness cycle, and so forth) permit one to specify it as oneiric.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1984

Perceptual span in schizophrenia and affective disorders.

Perceptual span was assessed in schizophrenic, bipolar affective disorder-manic, bipolar affective disorder-depressed, and nonpsychotic inpatients. Both schizophrenics and manics processed less information than depressives, and did not differ from each other. This suggests that reduced span may be a concomitant of psychoses characterized by distractibility and thought disorder, rather than a trait specific to schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Fibromyalgia as a disorder of perceptual organization? An analysis of acoustic stimulus processing in patients with widespread pain.

We examined to what extent patients with fibromyalgia differ from painfree control subjects in the perception and processing not only of somatosensory but also of external stimuli. For this purpose the acoustic perception of 30 patients with fibromyalgia was compared with that of 36 generally pain-free age and gender matched subjects. The groups were also controlled for organic disease of pathological dysfunction of the ear and auditory nerves. Thresholds of unpleasantness and hearing thresholds were determined autiometrically for various frequencies. In addition the participants rated their experience of daily noise, vulnerability to acoustic stress, and functional and affective complaints associated with fibromyalgia. As expected the results show reduced unpleasantness thresholds for all frequencies and a nonsymptomatic hearing loss for higher frequencies. The elevated hearing threshold correlated significantly with experience of noise at the place of work, which was also elevated in the fibromyalgia group. Generalized pain had a high impact on the interaction between threshold of unpleasantness and daily noise experience. We interpret the differences in thresholds of hearing and of unpleasantness in patients with fibromyalgia as a form of either preconscious or conscious acts to protect against disturbing stimulation. Our results support the notion of a generalized disturbancy of perceptual thresholds in patients with fibromyalgia not restricted to the perception of pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Perceptual asymmetries in normal children and children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Perceptual asymmetries in normal right-handed children (7-12 years of age) and children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), combined type, were investigated using various chimeric stimuli in free-viewing conditions. In the face-matching task, participants indicated which of two symmetrical face chimeras more closely resembled the original; in the chimeric faces task, participants indicated which of a pair of faces appeared happier; and in the grey scales task participants indicated which of two shaded rectangles appeared to be darker overall. Leftward biases were found for normal children with no effects of age. Contrary to expectations, normal leftward biases were also found for ADHD children in the face-matching and the chimeric faces tasks; however, a significant leftward bias was not observed in the grey scales task. The absence of anomalous perceptual bias in ADHD children on these purely perceptual tasks, suggests that anomalous perceptual asymmetries observed in other tasks (line bisection and cancellation tasks) may have been confounded by the motor response, and/or the explicit spatial components of those tasks.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1990

Insomnia and perceptual disturbances during flunarizine treatment.

We report two cases of sleep disturbances and perceptual disorder appearing in close temporal relationship with initiation of flunarizine therapy for migraine prophylaxis: these side effects disappeared after therapy interruption; resumption of the drug in one case was associated with symptom recurrence.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Pathogenesis of schizophrenia: a psychopathological perspective.

BACKGROUND: Despite interest in early treatment of schizophrenia, premorbid and prodromal symptomatology remain poorly delineated. AIMS: To compare pre-illness symptomatology in patients at high risk of schizophrenia who progress to illness with that of high-risk subjects who remain well and with normal controls. METHOD: Using Present State Examination (PSE) data, symptomatic scales were devised from participants of the Northwick Park Study of first-episode schizophrenia and scores were compared on the first and last PSEs of participants of the Edinburgh High Risk Study. RESULTS: At entry, when still well, high-risk individuals who subsequently became ill (mean time to diagnosis 929 days; s.e.=138 days) scored significantly higher on'situational anxiety', 'nervous tension', 'depression', 'changed perception'and 'hallucinations'than those remaining well and normal controls, who did not differ. With illness onset, affective symptomatology remained high but essentially stable. CONCLUSIONS: In genetically predisposed individuals, affective and perceptual disorders are prominent before any behavioural or subjective change that usually characterises the shift to schizophrenic prodrome or active illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Frontal lobe neglect in monkeys.

Using a crossed-response task, monkeys with neglect induced by frontal lesions appear to have motor rather than sensory neglect. However, the crossed-response task may not reveal sensory neglect (inattention) if no perceptual discrimination is required. We therefore trained two monkeys in a perceptually complex crossed-response task. Following unilateral frontal (arcuate gyrus) ablation, we found no contralateral perceptual disorders or sensory neglect in either monkey but did find a failure to respond with the contralateral arm (motor neglect) in both monkeys. We also found that the monkeys made more incorrect responses with the arm ipsilateral to the lesion than they did with the contralateral arm. The errors made by the ipsilateral arm could be a compensatory strategy or a disinhibition phenomenon. Because these incorrect responses were not rewarded and became more frequent as motor neglect improved, the incorrect responses of the ipsilateral arm are not a compensatory strategy, but rather a defect we term "disinhibition hyperkinesia" or "allokinesia."

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Performance behaviour of the physically handicapped. Selected approaches and a comprehensive skeleton concept (author's transl)].

The article shows that psychology's current situation with its confusing variety of theories and methods and, accordingly, heterogeneous examination findings, is also reflected in the discussion about the performance behaviour of the physically handicapped. This fact made it necessary to apply different concepts of the so-called normal psychology to this particular field. On the basis of limited approaches which place organic impairments - perceptual disorders and motor disturbances due to organic brain damage - in the foreground, a description of other research lines is crried out, which not only permit the taking into account of the performance aspects, but also motivational, interpersonal and social viewpoints. The continuous expansion of this field of consideration results in a skeleton concept which encompasses the whole of the person-environment relations and not only individual and isolated fields. In this connection the methodical consequences of this concept, i.e., the attempt to create biotic study situations, are discussed. It is hoped that in the future such new psychological approaches will also assist in the practical study of problems of the physically handicapped.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed2004

Are patients with social developmental disorders prosopagnosic? Perceptual heterogeneity in the Asperger and socio-emotional processing disorders.

It has been hypothesized that social developmental disorders (SDD) like autism, Asperger's disorder and the social-emotional processing disorder may be associated with prosopagnosic-like deficits in face recognition. We studied the ability to recognize famous faces in 24 adults with a variety of SDD diagnoses. We also measured their ability to discriminate changes in internal facial configuration, a perceptual function that is important in face recognition, and their imagery for famous faces, an index of their facial memory stores. We contrasted their performance with both healthy subjects and prosopagnosic patients. We also performed a cluster analysis of the SDD patients. One group of eight SDD subjects performed normally on all tests of face perception and recognition. The other 16 subjects were impaired in recognition, though most were better than prosopagnosic patients. One impaired SDD subgroup had poor perception of facial structure but relatively preserved imagery, resembling prosopagnosic patients with medial occipitotemporal lesions. Another subgroup had better perception than imagery, resembling one prosopagnosic with bilateral anterior temporal lesions. Overall, SDD subgroup membership by face recognition did not correlate with a particular SDD diagnosis or subjective ratings of social impairment. We conclude that the social disturbance in SDD does not invariably lead to impaired face recognition. Abnormal face recognition in some SDD subjects is related to impaired perception of facial structure in a manner suggestive of occipitotemporal dysfunction. Heterogeneity in the perceptual processing of faces may imply pathogenetic heterogeneity, with important implications for genetic and rehabilitative studies of SDD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The clinical management of perceptual skills disorders in a primary care practice.

This paper offers guidelines that will assist the primary-care optometrist formulate effective treatment recommendations for patients who display perceptual skills dysfunction in association with school learning difficulties. It suggests that long, multifaceted diagnostic protocols are unnecessary and, further, that only certain children are aided significantly by perceptual skills remedial training programs. Others are better served by properly designed compensatory education programs that may or may not include a perceptual skills training component. Two case reports are included to illustrate these concepts.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗