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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Perazine-induced agranulocytosis--case report].

This complication normally arises between the 5th and 10th weeks of treatment and is most commonly seen in middle-aged and elderly women. The risk is estimated to be between 0.04% and 2%, depending on the type of medication and the method of assessment. The present report describes a 16-year-old boy who developed agranulocytosis after 4 weeks of treatment with perazine. The problem was complicated by acute toxoplasmosis. After perazine was discontinued the neutrophils recovered within 5 days; the boy did develop fever, but the infectious disease had a mild course. This case report once again confirms the importance of regular blood control during the early phases of treatment with psychopharmacological agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

"Sunbath polyneuritis": subacute axonal neuropathy in perazine-treated patients after intense sun exposure.

This article aims at drawing attention to the peculiar association of intense exposure to sunlight and subacute development of sensory neuropathy which was seen in 7 psychiatric patients treated with the phenothiazine derivative, perazine. Three patients additionally developed bilateral VII nerve palsy. Symptoms followed a monophasic course with almost complete remission. Routine neurophysiology suggested axonal neuropathy confirmed by sural nerve biopsy in 1 patient. A toxic origin of neuropathy is supposed, possibly induced by phenothiazine photoproducts, which may cause cell damage via lipid peroxidation.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The contribution of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, lipoproteins, and albumin to the plasma binding of perazine, amitriptyline, and nortriptyline in healthy man.

Parameters for the binding of perazine (PER), amitriptyline (AT) and nortriptyline (NT) to plasma and to single plasma proteins were determined by equilibrium dialysis. The highest affinity (K at least 10(5) M-1) and lowest capacity (first site 1 mol/mol) towards all three drugs was exhibited by alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP). From the parameters, alpha 1-AGP was estimated to contribute 43% to total binding of PER and 49 and 31%, respectively, to AT and NT binding in samples with normal protein concentrations. Fractions bound to total lipoproteins would amount to 32% (PER), 40 (AT) and 52% (NT), respectively, while the contribution of albumin would range from 11% (AT) to 25% (PER). The extent of the binding to plasma was compared with that to single proteins and their mixtures. Binding to combinations of alpha 1-AGP, lipoproteins and albumin exceeded that to plasma with PER but not with AT and NT. This leads to the assumption that additional plasma constituents interfere with PER binding.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1982

Plasma protein binding of perazine and amitriptyline in psychiatric patients.

The free fraction of amitriptyline (AT), measured by equilibrium dialysis in plasma from 29 AT-treated depressed patients, was 5.4-9.8% (mean 7.7%), which was the same as the values in 26 healthy controls (4.9-9.6%, mean 7.6%). The plasma levels of lipoproteins, as reflected by total cholesterol, and of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) did not differ between the two groups. the free fraction of AT in both exhibited a significant negative correlation with the concentrations of those two proteins. The unbound fraction of perazine (PER) was the same (3.1-5.9%, mean 4.4%) in plasma from 22 schizophrenic patients and from 24 healthy volunteers (2.9-6.0%, mean 4.5%). However, in patient plasma alpha 1-AGP was significantly higher (mean 1.07 vs 0.81 mg/ml) and total cholesterol tended to be lower (mean 173 vs 201 mg/100 ml) than in plasma from normals. In consequence, the free fraction of PER was negatively correlated with the alpha 1-AGP concentration in plasma from patients and with the cholesterol level in plasma from control subjects; the other correlations were not significant. In 7 patients, the alpha 1-AGP level was normal prior to Per treatment. Serial blood samples from 6 patients revealed a consistent elevation of alpha 1-AGP above its pretreatment level during 4 weeks of PER administration in 5 of the subjects and a transient increase in one other. while low lipoprotein levels in schizophrenics seem to be a disease-related trait, the increase of alpha 1-AGP may be a drug effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Suicide with moclobemide and perazine.

A 51-year-old woman who was diagnosed as suffering from depression was found dead in her flat. The autopsy revealed no morphological changes sufficient to explain death. Toxicological analysis was performed and the drugs moclobemide (49.9 mg/l), perazine (1.27 mg/l) and some metabolites were identified in the blood. A combined drug intoxication resulting in synergistic effects to cardiovascular disorders was proposed as the cause of death.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1976

Gas-liquid chromotographic determination of perazine, thioridazine and thioridazine metabolites in human plasma.

A gas-liquid chromatographic method for the detection of perazine, thioridazine and its major metabolites in human plasma is presented. Repeated extraction, an internal standard and a temperature program with flame ionization detection make possible accurate and reproducible results with patients on therapeutic doses of these drugs. Examples of chromatograms after extraction of plasma are given.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Reliable routine method for determination of perazine in serum by thin-layer chromatography with an internal standard.

The use of a high-performance thin-layer chromatography linear chamber and of thioridazine as internal standard increases the performance of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with direct densitometric scanning, and allows the rapid determination of serum levels of the neuroleptic drug perazine under usual therapeutic conditions. TLC is superior to gas-liquid chromatography in so far as the main metabolite desmethylperazine can be easily separated and detected by the same procedure.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1987

Inhibitory effect of phenothiazines on the binding of [3H]perazine to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein.

A system is described which allows the determination of the affinity constant of unlabelled drugs to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) by displacing [3H]perazine from the binding protein with equilibrium dialysis. All drugs investigated appear to bind to only one site at the alpha 1-AGP molecule. From experiments, in which the chemical structure of the displacers was varied, the fragment 21-31 of the amino acid sequence appears to be a candidate for hydrophobic interactions. The glutamic acids 177 and 178 of the alpha 1-AGP molecule could be involved in ionic interactions with the side chain of phenothiazine derivatives. The relevance of alpha 1-AGP for drug binding, distribution, and the possible reasons for insufficient correlation between psychotropic plasma concentration and therapeutic response is discussed.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed2000

In-vitro immunomodulatory effects of haloperidol and perazine in schizophrenia.

There are some reports describing concurrent changes in lymphocytic and monocytic activities in schizophrenia. In this study we investigated T cell activity in schizophrenic patients by measuring the release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) by T cells and the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in blood. The release of IL-2 and sIL-2R by T cells was evaluated in dilute whole blood after in-vitro stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. IL-2 levels and the percentage of CD4-cells tended to decrease and sIL-2R levels decreased significantly in schizophrenic patients. Haloperidol and perazine significantly decreased IL-2 levels and increased sIL-2R levels and the percentage CD4-cells. IL-2 and sIL-2R levels were lower in patients with a predominance of positive symptoms. The neuroleptic-induced increase in sIL-2R levels was higher in patients with a predominance of positive symptoms compared with those in whom both positive and negative symptoms were severe. The study has shown that T-cell activity is reduced in schizophrenia and that neuroleptics may have immunomodulatory properties.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Poisoning by perazine--organ distribution and interpretation].

A fatal intoxication of a 22-year-old woman after intake of the phenothiazine perazine is described. In all of investigated organs e.g. in liver, lungs and kidneys high concentrations of the active agent could be found. The analytical results lead to the assumption that at least 14, most likely 30 tablets of Taxilan 100 have been taken. An unintended overdosage seems to be excluded just as an administration by another person.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative studies of the effects of perazine, fluphenazine, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine and haloperidol on primary and deficit symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia].

In order to evaluate the influence of some neuroleptics on unproductive symptoms of schizophrenic process, first hospitalized patients with paranoid schizophrenia underwent monotherapy with perazine, fluphenazine, trifluoroperazine, chlorpromazine, and haloperidol. All the drugs eliminated the productive activity of the disease process within 2 months in both women and men aged 18-40 years. However, drugs showed different qualitative and quantitative effects on unproductive symptoms of schizophrenic process; this fact allows the suggestion regarding the particular usefulness of drugs in the out-patient care.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Formation of sulfone metabolites from chlorpromazine and perazine in man.

Didesmethylchlorpromazine sulfone [gamma-(2-chlorophenothiazinyl-10)-propylamine sulfone] has been isolated from the urine of a patient under continuous chlorpromazine therapy and identified by mass spectrometry. The same compound was present in organs of rats after injection of the corresponding sulfide. The Cl-free analogue, gamma-(phenothiazinyl-10)-propylamine sulfone, was excreted by patients receiving perazine and by a volunteer after ingestion of the primary amine sulfoxide.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemical characterization of decomposition products of drugs. Part 6. Mass spectrometry of some perazine derivatives.

Mass spectra of perazine, prochlorperazine, tiethylperazine, trifluperazine, butaperazine and thioproperazine were obtained. All possible fragmentation routes were discussed. The mechanism of fragmentations, their similarities and differences within the investigated group of compounds were established. The Hammett type relationship was found between the intensities of some ions and the kind of substituents at the C2 position. The utility of mass spectra for the prediction of drug stability was demonstrated.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Metabolism and excretion of the neuroleptic drug perazine in healthy volunteers].

The renal and faecal excretion of a single dose of 75 mg 35S-labelled perazine was investigated. The time course of the total radioactivity in plasma could not be adjusted satisfactorily to a Bateman function, whereas the renal excretion of radioactivity corresponded to an open two-compartment model. The marked interindividual variation of the metabolic profile, and of plasma half-lives reported in patients was not observed in normal volunteers. Thus, it is suggested that such interindividual variance is related to the special conditions in psychiatric patients such as individual pretreatment strategies.

Adult↗