Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PSYCHOTHERAPY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

One-year follow-up of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependence. Delayed emergence of psychotherapy effects.

BACKGROUND: Neither the durability of brief ambulatory treatments for cocaine dependence nor the relative ability of psychotherapy vs pharmacotherapy to effect lasting change has been evaluated in well-controlled randomized trials. METHODS: We conducted a 1-year naturalistic follow-up of 121 ambulatory cocaine abusers who underwent psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention or clinical management) and pharmacotherapy (desipramine hydrochloride or placebo) in a 2 x 2 design. Subjects were interviewed 1, 3, 6, or 12 months after the termination of a 12-week course of outpatient treatment. Eighty percent (n = 97) of the subjects who were randomized to treatment were followed up at least once. RESULTS: First, the effects of study treatments appeared durable over the follow-up; as for the full sample, measures of cocaine use indicated either improvement or no change over posttreatment levels. Second, abstinence during treatment was strongly associated with less cocaine use during follow-up. Third, random effects regression models indicated significant psychotherapy-by-time effects, suggesting a delayed improved response during follow-up for patients who received cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention compared with supportive clinical management. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a delayed emergence of the effects of cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention, which may reflect the subjects' implementation of the generalizable coping skills conveyed through that treatment. Moreover, these data underline the importance of conducting follow-up studies of substance abusers and other groups because delayed effects may occur after the cessation of short-term treatments.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Psychotherapy outcome studies do not accurately represent current models of psychotherapy. A proposed remedy.

It is argued that the design of contemporary psychotherapy outcome studies is conceptually incompatible with the models of psychotherapy evaluated in those studies. Contemporary outcome studies are incompatible with psychotherapy models because the outcome studies treat patients with standardized treatments that are assigned on the basis of psychiatric diagnosis rather than with individualized treatments based on a theory-driven psychological assessment of the individual's difficulties. One possible remedy, idiographic outcome studies using a case formulation model of assessment and treatment, is proposed here. It is suggested that this research strategy may narrow the scientist-practitioner gap and make it easier to demonstrate differential outcomes of different treatments.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1998

Adolescents who drop out of psychotherapy at a community-based psychotherapy centre: a preliminary investigation of the characteristics of early drop-outs, late drop-outs and those who continue treatment.

The present study examined the difference between young people who terminated treatment prematurely and who continued in treatment. One hundred and thirty-four young people (ages 12 to 24 years) who attended a community-based psychotherapy centre for psychoanalytic psychotherapy between 1 April 1993 and 31 March 1996 comprised the sample. It was predicted that drop-outs would consist of younger adolescents who were referred, who show a high score for externalizing problems such as aggression and delinquency and a low score for internalizing problems such as anxiety and depression. It was also predicted that continuers would be older, self-referred and show a high score for internalizing problems and a low score for externalizing problems. The results indicated significant differences between drop-outs and continuers: drop-outs were younger, had greater externalizing problems, school problems and presented with moderate to severe hyperkinetic or conduct disorder. Continuers were older, had fewer externalizing problems, were self-referred and were likely to be treated by supportive therapists. Since age was the most significant predictor of attendance, the sample was separated into younger adolescents and older adolescents and the same analyses repeated. In the younger group ethnic minority status, and being treated by a supportive therapist predicted continuing in treatment and a diagnosis of conduct disorder predicted premature termination. The clinical implications of the present findings for the delivery of psychotherapy services to young people are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Use of a "psychotherapy with no pills" treatment condition as part of a combined pharmacotherapy-psychotherapy research study of alcohol dependence.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review issues related to the use of placebo medication in a study examining combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for alcohol dependence. METHOD: Little is known about the strength of the placebo effect in alcohol-dependent patients. One way to study this is to compare placebo to no pharmacological treatment. The multisite National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism COMBINE Study is examining optimal combinations of two medications (acamprosate and naltrexone) and two behavioral treatments (a moderate-intensity treatment called Combined Behavioral Intervention [CBI] and a low-intensity treatment called Medical Management [MM]) for alcohol-dependent patients. The study initially included a 2 x 2 x 2 eight-cell design. This article relates our experience adding a ninth treatment condition (Cell 9), consisting of CBI alone, with no pills or MM. By comparing patients receiving CBI alone to patients receiving two placebos, MM and CBI, we can examine the strength of the placebo effect for these two medications in alcohol-dependent patients. Moreover, we can study CBI in the context in which it is frequently delivered clinically, that is, in the absence of pharmacotherapy and certainly in the absence of placebo medication. RESULTS: This article explains the background and rationale behind the decision to include Cell 9 in COMBINE. Recruitment challenges faced as a result of adding this condition are reviewed, as is the experience implementing this condition in a pilot feasibility study. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a "psychotherapy with no pills" treatment condition as part of a combined pharmacotherapy-psychotherapy study of alcohol dependence is feasible and can help enrich the results of this research.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2001

Integration among psychotherapies and the future of psychotherapy.

As society as a whole and the scientific world have begun to expect that the validity of psychotherapy be verified, a scientific and integrated approach to psychotherapy is the only possible answer. The development of operational definitions and the use of scientific designs represent the most effective way to generate empirical data and the only way to integrate psychotherapy objectively into general psychology.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1991

A comparative trial of psychotherapies for ambulatory cocaine abusers: relapse prevention and interpersonal psychotherapy.

Despite the widespread use of psychotherapy as treatment for cocaine abuse, the effectiveness of psychotherapy has not been explored through clinical trials. Forty-two outpatients who met DSM-III criteria for cocaine abuse were randomly assigned to one of two forms of purely psychotherapeutic treatments of cocaine abuse, either relapse prevention (RPT) or interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT). Subjects assigned to relapse prevention were more likely than subjects in IPT to attain three or more continuous weeks of abstinence (57 versus 33%), be classified as recovered at the point of treatment termination (43 versus 19%), and complete treatment (67 versus 38%). Whereas these differences did not reach statistical significance, significant differences by treatment group did emerge when subjects were stratified by severity of substance use: Among the subgroup of more severe users, subjects who received RPT were significantly more likely to achieve abstinence (54 versus 9%) and be classified as recovered (54 versus 0%). Among the subgroups of subjects with lower severity of substance abuse, outcome was comparable for both treatment types. Comparison of results from this investigation with historical controls from a structurally similar pharmacotherapy trial suggests that purely psychotherapeutic treatments may be both viable and effective approaches for many ambulatory cocaine abusers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic psychotherapy and supportive psychotherapy: current controversies].

The author in this paper discusses conceptual, clinical and educational issues of the contemporary controversies regarding the relationship between psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychodynamically oriented supportive psychotherapy. He argues in favor of a strict definition of techniques as the best way leading to a clear-cut differentiation of the three modalities of treatment. Within this frame he discusses interpretation, transference analysis and technical neutrality as the most important aspects and their respective use in the various psychodynamic therapies. Finally he emphasizes that teaching in psychoanalytic and supportive psychotherapies should be part of the psychoanalytic training program of psychoanalytic institutes.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychotherapy and public institutions. The first year's experience of the "three-year training course in psychotherapy" of the Valenza Po National Health Unit].

The article begins by examining the position of psychotherapy in Italy's current cultural climate. This is followed by a brief review of an experiment in the training of National Health Service psychiatrists at National Health Unit 71 in Valenza Po (Piedmont). The experiment was designed and conducted as the first year of a "3-year Course in Psychotherapy" intended to offer training in the practice of psychotherapy within the National Health Service. It was therefore necessary to teach the correct approach both to relations with the patient and to the complex network of relations arising in team work in such cases.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1988

[The Principle of causality in psychotherapy and psychotherapeutic methods--an attempt at a systematic analysis based on a technologically oriented psychotherapy concept].

The attempt is made to describe in general psychotherapeutic work and efficacy on the basis of the understanding of psychotherapy as a process of action in the framework of a principle of causality of psychotherapy. Issuing from this usual psychotherapeutic methods and conceptions, which at present are applied in the GDR, are briefly characterized and a systematology of these methods is demonstrated. The description of principles of effect shall facilitate the understanding for psychotherapeutic effects in patients undergoing internal treatment and the broader inclusion of psychotherapy into the therapy of the specialist in internal medicine.

Arousal↗
PubMed1986

[A comparison of dynamic psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and analytic group psychotherapy].

Three groups of patients (N = 30) distributed as well as possible according to indication among standard psychoanalytic therapy, analytic group therapy and dynamic psychotherapy were submitted to testing in order to investigate the risk indices for stress factors (Dührssen) and to factor analysis with the aid of the Freiburg Personality Inventory, the Giessen-Test, and the Extended Giessen Complaint Sheet. A fourth group of Patients (N = 30), originally assigned to group therapy but having discontinued treatment, was used as control group. It was found that among patients assigned to any of these types of therapy the stress index was significantly higher than among patients seeing the physician for merely an initial examination and the taking of their case histories. Furthermore, the different groups showed different indices for stress factors: Patients in dynamic psychotherapy had by far the highest index of stress, followed by the patients who had discontinued group therapy. Group therapy patients who completed their treatment had again a slightly higher risk index than those who had been assigned to standard psychoanalytic therapy. Application of the above mentioned tests or complaint sheets revealed significant differences between the specific groups. But therapy also resulted in significant improvement of isolated aspects. An investigation concerned with the number of days of hospitalization and the number of days of disablement in a randomly selected group of patients in 1977 showed a statistically significant reduction of these numbers in the five-year period following therapy when compared to the last five years prior to therapy. On the whole the investigation has made it apparent that any comparative psychotherapy study is more or less futile when the patients under observation are parallelized merely according to age, sex, and symptoms while the respective risk indices with the accompanying stress factors in childhood and adolescence are being neglected.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Co-psychotherapy and multiple psychotherapy in multidisciplinary teams for ambulatory treatment.

In order to describe clearly and undoubtfully each psychotherapeutic situation, combining one or several therapists in one or several psychotherapeutic methods, an original classification is proposed. Evolution of concepts such as co-psychotherapy and multiple psychotherapy are studied. Advantages and disadvantages for both therapist and patient are listed, and generally accepted viewpoints as well as controversies are discussed. A statistical survey, using a large number of undifferentiated registrations made by a representative number of psychotherapeutic teams, permits a first approach of the present situation in this particular field of psychotherapy, and some significant conclusions are to be made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Predicting the outcome of psychotherapy. findings of the Penn Psychotherapy Project.

Our study of predictability of outcomes of psychotherapy used predictions of two kinds: (1) direct predictions by patients, therapists, and clinical observers; and (2) predictive measures derived from the same sources. Seventy-three nonpsychotic patients were treated in psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy (mean, 44 sessions). Two thirds of the therapists were residents in psychiatry; one third were more experienced. The two main composite outcome measures, measured at termination, were Raw Gain (residualized) and Rated Benefits, which intercorrelated at .76. Most patients improved and showed a considerable range of benefits. The clinical observers' direct predictions of Rated Benefits were highest (.27, P less than 905). The success of the predictive measures were generally insignificant, and the best of them were in the .2 to .3 range meaning that only 5% to 10% of the outcome variance was predicted. The Prognostic Index Interview variables did the best (eg, emotional freedom composite, .30; a crossvalidation for 30 patients was .39 (P less than .05). Neither the therapist measures nor the early psychotherapy session measures predicted significantly. Reanalysis of the similar Chicago Counseling Center study, in our terms, showed a similar low level of prediction success, eg, adequacy of functioning, marital status match, and length of treatment predicted significantly in both studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[The causality principle of psychotherapy and supportive methods in group psychotherapy--reflections on the principles of method combinations].

A causality principle of psychotherapy is offered, starting from a technologically orientated concept of psychotherapy as a process. Working from target, commencement, principles, and means, psychotherapeutic methods may be characterised. From these, rules governing the therapist's mode of conduct are arrived at. The causality principle provides a theoretic and practical basis for the integration of ancillary methods into various therapeutic concepts, and for therapeutic teamwork.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1977

[Several aspects of the psychotherapy of neuroses (value of so-called rational psychotherapy)].

The authors consider neurosis as a disturbed ability of an adequate perception and reaction which must be corrected by the use of psychotherapy. The method of the socalled rational deep psychotherapy is taken as the main therapeutical influence. Other methods and measures are used in the complex with this method. The possibility of a patient's logical judgement in the use of the methods of suggestive therapy is pointed out. The new methods of psychotherapeutical influence are stated.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed1999

Reconsidering "between-group psychotherapy outcome research and basic science:" applications to child and adolescent psychotherapy outcome research.

Borkovec and Miranda (1996) proposed that the purpose of controlled outcome studies is to increase our understanding of the change mechanisms associated with psychotherapy, and they suggested several ways that between-group outcome research establishes cause-and-effect relationships. Child psychotherapy outcome research presents special challenges for the issues raised by Borkovec and Miranda and four of these are discussed herein: (a) the multitude of influences on children and adolescents that affect their functioning and therapy outcomes, (b) accurately defining the referral problem, (c) identifying appropriate outcome measures and reliable informants of change in child and adolescent treatment, and (d) considering developmental processes that influence therapeutic effectiveness. It is suggested that transporting clinical trials methods to natural settings is of limited value in identifying cause-and-effect relationships, and an alternative methodology is proposed for advancing child therapy outcome research. This approach advocates developing a profile of the underlying causes that predict psychopathology and therapy outcome for individual children in real clinical settings and then aggregating the data for youth with similar profiles and outcomes. These data can then be used to generate hypotheses about what interventions work for specific children, and investigators can employ prospective studies of therapy outcome for youth with similar profiles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Lay theories of psychotherapy. I: Attitudes toward, and beliefs about, psychotherapy and therapists.

Two hundred people completed two questionnaires that concerned their beliefs about what psychotherapy clients experience and their attitudes toward psychotherapy. Both questionnaires were shown to have an interpretable factor structure, and these beliefs and attitudal factors were shown to be clearly related. There were no sex, a few age, but a number of educational and "psychological experience" correlates of the belief and attitudinal factors. A canonical correlation produced one factor that seemed readily interpretable, with psychological experience the most powerful correlate of both beliefs and attitudes. The results were discussed in terms of the work on lay beliefs and expectations about therapy and counseling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Outcomes of time-limited psychotherapy in applied settings: replicating the Second Sheffield Psychotherapy Project.

In a replication and extension of the Second Sheffield Psychotherapy Project (SPP2), a collaborative psychotherapy project (CPP) was carried out at 3 sites within the National Health Service of the United Kingdom. Clients (N = 36) stratified at 3 levels of severity of depression were randomly assigned to one of 2 treatment approaches (psychodynamic-interpersonal or cognitive-behavioral) of 2 time-limited durations (8 or 16 sessions). Gains in both treatment approaches were approximately equivalent and were similar for CPP and SPP2 clients when measured at the end of treatment. However, CPP patients did not maintain their gains to the extent that the SPP2 clients did at 3-month and 1-year follow-up assessments. In the CPP, clients given 16 sessions showed a statistically significant advantage over clients given 8 sessions on some measures at some assessments; in the SPP2, similar effects were noted only among some subgroups of clients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Death, poetry, psychotherapy and clinical supervision (the contribution of psychodynamic psychotherapy to palliative care nursing).

This paper explores one facet of a therapeutic relationship with a woman suffering from inoperable cervical cancer. The psychotherapy sessions were conducted in both hospital and the family home and continued on a weekly basis until final termination immediately prior to the woman's death. Through a "suspense structure' case study narrative, the writer, a nurse psychotherapist, describes the way in which the humanities, art and poetry can provide a means through which to understand seemingly incomprehensible feelings related to reviewing past events as a preparation for death. While no explicit critique is made of the twin psychoanalytical concepts of transference and countertransference, the occurrence is woven into the text. The essential nature of clinical supervision is illustrated in context. The author proposes that engagement in a therapeutic relationship with a dying person presents the worker with parallel struggles manifesting in elementary feelings which require discernment. The central recommendation of this paper is that the rich symbolic language and metaphors, redolent in art and poetry, be harnessed as a potent therapeutic tool. Throughout the discussion, the terms counselling and psychotherapy are used interchangeably.

Death↗