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PubMed1984

Chemical modification of hydroxynitrile lyase by selective reaction of an essential cysteine-SH group with alpha, beta-unsaturated propiophenones as pseudo-substrates.

3-Oxo-3-phenylpropyne and 3-oxo-3-phenylpropene were synthesized as active-site-directed irreversible inhibitors of the bitter almond hydroxynitrile lyase (EC 4.1.2.10), an FAD-protein. The substrate and competitors (e.g. benzoate) decrease the rate of the inhibitor-mediated deactivation of the enzyme. By excess addition of either one of the two inhibitors, the deactivation process is shown to be pseudo-first order. The reaction with equimolar amounts of 3-oxo-3-phenylpropyne with the enzyme is accompanied by a shift in the ultraviolet spectrum of the inhibitor, allowing direct measurement of the enzyme-inactivation process. The spectral change has second-order kinetics. Incubation with 3-oxo-3-[p-3H]phenylpropyne or 3-oxo-3-[1-14C]phenylpropene shows a one-to-one stoichiometry for the inhibitory-enzyme reaction. Dissociation of the 3-oxo-3[p-3H]phenylpropyne-inactivated holoenzyme with acid ammonium sulfate yields a labeled apoenzyme; the inhibitor does not react with free or enzyme-bound FAD. After boranate reduction and exhaustive hydrolysis of the 3-oxo-3-[1-14C]phenylpropene-inactivated enzyme, a labeled cysteine derivative was isolated which was identified by chromatographic and mass spectroscopic comparison with synthetic references as L-2-amino-4-thia-DL-7-hydroxy-7-phenylhepatanoic acid, the reduced, linear addition product of the inhibitor to a cysteine-SH group.

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PubMed1991

Studies of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 4-amino-propiophenone (PAPP) in rats, dogs and cynomolgus monkeys.

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 4-aminopropiophenone (PAPP), a cyanide antidote, have been studied in rats, dogs and cynomolgus monkeys using 14C-PAPP. Radiolabelled material was rapidly excreted in all three species, mainly in urine. In rats, PAPP was metabolized by N-acetylation, while in dogs, ring and aliphatic hydroxylation occurred. In monkeys, both N-acetylation and oxidation took place. In the latter pathway, PAPP was oxidized to p-aminobenzoic acid which underwent amino acid-conjugation to p-aminohippuric acid. In rat blood in vitro, the PAPP metabolites, p-aminobenzoic, p-aminohippuric and N-acetyl-p-aminobenzoic acid were only weak methaemoglobin producers.

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PubMed1988

[Effects of (+/-)-4'-ethyl-2-methyl-3-(l-pyrrolidinyl) propiophenone hydrochloride (HY-770) on the bladder function].

The effects of HY-770 on micturition reflexes in rats, dogs and cats and urethral pressure in dogs were compared with those of flavoxate.HC1 (flavoxate), terodiline.HCl (terodiline) and oxybutynin.HCl (oxybutynin). 1) HY-770, in intravenous (2 and 4 mg/kg) and intraduodenal (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) administrations, dose-dependently abolished the rhythmic bladder contractions in anesthetized rats. The activity of HY-770, in intravenous administration (i.v.), was almost equal to those of flavoxate, terodiline and oxybutynin; and the activity of HY-770, like terodiline, was more potent than that of flavoxate in intraduodenal administration (i.d.). 2) In the cystometrograms, HY-770 (3, 4 or 8 mg/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently increased the time to micturition (capacity of bladder) without decreasing the amplitude of micturition contraction in anesthetized rats, dogs and cats, and HY-770 (25 mg/kg, i.d.) also increased the capacity in anesthetized cats. 3) HY-770 (4 and 8 mg/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently increased the capacity of the bladder in the cystometrograms of pollakiuria induced by either transection of both the hypogastric nerves or chronic cannulation to the bladder in anesthetized or conscious rats, respectively. 4) HY-770 (25 mg/kg, i.d.) slightly decreased the urethral pressure in anesthetized dogs. These results suggest that HY-770 is a promising drug for the treatment of pollakiuria induced by a neurogenic bladder or unstable bladder, etc.

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