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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

For what applications can probability and non-probability sampling be used?

Almost any type of sample has some utility when estimating population quantities. The focus in this paper is to indicate what type or combination of types of sampling can be used in various situations ranging from a sample designed to establish cause-effect or legal challenge to one involving a simple subjective judgment. Several of these methods have little or no utility in the scientific area but even in the best of circumstances, particularly complex ones, both probabilistic and non-probabilistic procedures have to be used because of lack of knowledge and cost. We illustrate this with a marbled murrelet example.

Ecosystem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) in head and neck cancer.

Clinical radiobiology is concerned with the relationship between a given radiation dose and the resulting biological effect on tumors and normal tissues, as well as with all confounding factors related to the delivery of radiation (e.g. dose per fraction, overall treatment time, volume of tumor/normal tissue irradiated, concomitant use of chemotherapy) and/or associated with preexisting conditions of the host (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, genetic syndromes) that may influence this relationship. This article briefly reviews few of the concepts associated with the dose-effect relationships in both normal tissues and tumors of the head and neck area and presents an operational way to integrate all these concepts into the routine radiotherapy planning processes.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed1976

[Probability of malignant degeneration of ovarian tumors. Clinical study on the probability of malignant degeneration].

More than 600 cases of ovarian tumors were analyzed for histological type, age of patient, bilateral occurrence, mobility and malignant degeneration in restant ovaries. Tumors of germinal epithelial origin show the highest incidence (24%) of malignant degeneration, tumors of germ cells the lowest (3,5%). Incidence of malignant degeneration increases in relation to the age of the patient from 2% (and under 30 years) to 36,5% (60-70 years). Each form of tumor has its typical age peak, which is about 20 years higher for carcinomas than for their benign counterpart. Bilateral ovarian tumors are malignant in 29%, one-sided only in 13%. Among freely movable ovarian tumors, only 6% enclose a malignant tumor, among adhaerent ones 34%. The examination of the prognosis of granulosacell-tumors, dysgerminomas and teratoblastomas is based on a larger material.

Adolescent↗