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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Patch testing with hexavalent chromium salts in different vehicles and with nickel and cobalt in petrolatum.

In approaching the question as to which test preparations are most suitable for patch testing of metals, 25 chromium sensitive patients were tested with 0.5% potassium dichromate either in water or petrolatum. The aqueous solution proved better than the petrolatum preparation at a 48 h reading with Neodermtest Roc. No difference in sensitivity was recorded between 4 hexavalent chromium salts. 3 patients who were only sensitive to chromium solution in water also reacted positively to a 1% cobalt chloride solution and a 5% nickel sulfate solution in petrolatum.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of petrolatum on stratum corneum structure and function.

BACKGROUND: Ointments (e.g., petrolatum) are thought to be occlusive, thereby blocking transcutaneous water loss and trapping water under the skin's surface. If this premise is correct, then petrolatum should delay barrier recovery after barrier perturbation, as shown previously in occluded murine skin. OBJECTIVE: We reexamined the assumption that Vaseline Petroleum Jelly (VPJ) is occlusive, ascertaining both its site and mechanism of action. METHODS: Barrier recovery was measured in VPJ-treated versus untreated sites after acetone-induced barrier disruption in human volunteers. Moreover, VPJ was localized within the stratum corneum (SC) with tracers and ruthenium tetroxide staining, which allowed visualization of the depth of VPJ penetration and its relation to intercellular membrane structures. RESULTS: VPJ accelerated, rather than impeded, barrier recovery. Moreover, VPJ was present within the interstices at all levels of the SC, where it replaced intercellular bilayers. CONCLUSION: VPJ neither forms nor acts like an epicutaneous impermeable membrane; instead, it permeates throughout the SC interstices, allowing normal barrier recovery despite its occlusive properties.

Acetone↗
PubMed2002

Characterization of gamma irradiated petrolatum eye ointment base by headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The effects of gamma irradiation on petrolatum eye ointment base (EOB) and its ingredients (white petrolatum, liquid paraffin, and wool fat) were studied at different irradiation doses. Forty-one volatile radiolysis products were detected and identified by a combined system of headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). The characteristics of the radiolysis products and the degradation pathway were discussed in each case, respectively. GC method demonstrates that the component distribution patterns of eye ointment as well as its individual ingredients have no differences before and after gamma irradiation. The influence of gamma treatment on EOB was quantitatively determined at 15, 25 and 50 kGy. The concentrations of the radiolysis products increase linearly with increasing doses. Both qualitative and quantitative data show that irradiated eye ointment is safe for human use.

Gamma Rays↗
PubMed1978

Effect of Vaporub and petrolatum on skin and rectal temperature in children with acute bronchitis.

Fifty-six children, suffering from acute bronchitis were studied. Skin temperature and rectal temperature were simultaneously recorded over a period of 90 minutes after 3-minute rub therapy on chest and back with either Vaporub or its base Petrolatum. A statistically significant increase in skin temperature as compared to the pre-treatment was observed; with Vaporub, however, the increase was 1.1 degrees C on average at the highest point of a large plateau reaching from 30 to 90 minutes after the treatment. Rubbing Petrolatum alone showed 0.2 degrees C on average on the top of the temperature plateau. Rectal temperature did not show significant changes with either therapy. On comparing temperature data of the same type in healthy children, the time course of the temperature elevation (which also was observed in healthy children after Vaporub treatment), was different from that of bronchitic children. In the bronchitic children the temperature rise was still 0.9 degrees C 60 minutes after treatment. In the healthy children after 60 minutes, the temperature elevation was only 0.4 degrees C above the pre-treatment value.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Efficacy, safety and acceptability of precipitated sulphur petrolatum for topical treatment of scabies at the city of Coro, Falcon State, Venezuela].

INTRODUCTION: In spite of sulphur ointment has been applied during centuries in the treatment of human scabies, nevertheless, its clinical efficacy, as well as safety and acceptability has not been clearly demonstrated. AIM: During September 2001-March 2002, attempts have been made to assess the efficacy, safety and acceptability of a mixture of precipitated sulphur 2-8% petrolatum for the treatment of 40 ambulatory consultant patients, of all age groups, including children under 1 year of age, pregnant and lacting women, with suggestive sarcoptic cutaneous lesions from Coro, Falcon State, Venezuela. METHODS: The diagnosis was made by clinical examination and microscope observation (KOH 10%) of scrapings of cutaneous lesions. The acceptability were quantified using visual analogue scale (VAS) and other two behavioral (BS) scores. Enrolled patients applied ointment 1 daily dose for 6 days, 1 week rest, repeated for 2 days, thoroughly washing off with neutral soap and applying lubricant cream. Differential schedule concentrations were: 2% for children below 2 years and up to 6 years old; 2-5% for scholars, adolescents and pregnant; 5-8% for adults and elderly; being exposition time to the ointment of 3 hours for children under 2 years old, and overnight for reminding age-groups. Efficacy was evaluated 7-30 days post-treatment by clinic observation, quantification and scraping of the sarcoptic lesions. A safety assessment was based on adverse effects reported by patients or observed by the physician. RESULTS: 38 (95%) out of 40 patients were clinical and ectoparasitologically cured 7-30 days after cessation of ointment application, with no relapses or relevant adverse effects, producing a significant (t = 9.26; p < 0.0001) decrease at the end of evaluation period in the median values of number of lesions (28.08-9.18 vs. 0.00). Only 2 (5%) patients developed a mild dermatitis reaction, and subsequently no completed the follow up. CONCLUSION: It's proven highly therapeutic effectiveness as well as widely availability, low costs with no serious side effects and satisfactory acceptability (X; VAS = 1.14 +/- 1.67; BS: 0.25 +/- 0.38, 0.53 +/- 0.43), allows us to recommend the topical use of the ointment sulfur-petrolatum for the treatment of human scabies, especially in children under 5 years of age, pregnant and lactating women and elderly, in which other drugs are not recommended by its potential toxicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The hydrating effect of a cream and white petrolatum measured by optothermal infrared spectrometry in vivo.

Optothermal infrared spectrometry (OTIS) is a novel way of measuring the water content of stratum corneum non-invasively. This principle has been used in the present study to evaluate the hydrating effect of a one-week treatment of human skin twice a day with either white petrolatum or a cream (o/w emulsion). Forty-two females volunteered for the study, which comprised one control pretreatment week, one treatment week, and one post-treatment week. White petrolatum was greasy and did not produce any hydrating effect at any point in time when the hydration was measured 10 h after application, whereas the cream produced a clear hydration that became statistically significant from day one of treatment and was maintained for at least 2 days after the treatment was stopped. The hydrating effect amounted to an about 80% increase in those volunteers who had initial values below the mean OTIS value of 23.5%. It is concluded that saturation of the stratum corneum with appropriate lipids and emulsifiers as in the cream leads to hydration of the stratum corneum to about 35% water as measured by the OTIS technique.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

In vitro release of anthralin from white petrolatum and an o/w cream.

A method to study the in vitro release of anthralin from ointments was developed. A diffusion cell with an artificial membrane (dialysis membrane) was used. As the solubility of anthralin in water is extremely low, methanol was chosen as receptor phase. The temperature at the membrane was kept constant at 32 degrees C during the release study. At appropriate intervals samples were withdrawn and assayed by HPLC. The in vitro release of anthralin from white petrolatum and a cream containing 70% oil in water (Locobase) was studied in a concentration range of 0.04-3.0%. Both ointments showed a faster release with increasing concentration of anthralin. The in vitro release of anthralin from the cream was significantly faster than from white petrolatum.

Anthralin↗
PubMed1986

A controlled two-center study of lactate 12 percent lotion and a petrolatum-based creme in patients with xerosis.

Lactic acid, one of the most widely distributed acids in nature, is present in biological fluids and tissues of humans as an intermediary in carbohydrate metabolism. Alpha-hydroxy acids, including lactic acid, and their salts have been recommended for the treatment of keratinization disorders. This controlled double-blind study compares the efficacy of lactate 12 percent lotion and a petrolatum-based therapeutic creme (creme B) in patients with moderate to severe xerosis. Lactate 12 percent lotion was significantly more effective than a petrolatum-based creme in reducing the severity of xerosis during treatment and post-treatment phases.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

Acquired gluteal myospherulosis secondary to intramuscular injections of petrolatum-based hormones: a case report diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology.

A case of acquired myospherulosis of the right gluteal region diagnosed by FNA cytology is reported in a woman who had received a series of intramuscular injections of petrolatum-based hormones. The lesion is characterized by inflammatory pseudocystic nodules containing saccular formations with erythrocytes or "bags of marbles." It results from a physical process similar to the emulsion phenomenon between nonresorbent oily material and plasma. This process gives rise to sequestration of blood corpuscles by oily materials and thus development of foreign body granulomas.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of neomycin in petrolatum-based ointments and in veterinary formulations.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the assay of neomycin in petrolatum-based ophthalmic and topical ointments and in veterinary formulations. Neomycin assay interferences from drugs, such as bacitracin and polymyxin B and inactive components, e.g. wax, were eliminated by a methanol wash and/or a partitioning method. The extracted neomycin was derivatized with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene followed by normal-phase HPLC with detection at 254 nm. The average recovery of neomycin from spiked samples was approximately 100% with a relative standard deviation of less than 1%.

Bacitracin↗
PubMed1986

Therapeutic activity of lactate 12% lotion in the treatment of ichthyosis. Active versus vehicle and active versus a petrolatum cream.

Lactate 12% lotion was significantly more effective than both its vehicle and a petrolatum-based cream in the treatment of ichthyosis. The treatment regimen was twice-daily application for 4 weeks with evaluations weekly during the treatment period and for 2 weeks after treatment was stopped. Vulgaris, lamellar, sex-linked, Netherton's, and epidermolytic hyperkeratotic forms of ichthyosis were significantly improved by treatment with lactate 12% lotion. This new therapeutic modality expands the scope and extent of ichthyotic conditions that may now be successfully treated.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

A randomized comparison of an emollient containing skin-related lipids with a petrolatum-based emollient as adjunct in the treatment of chronic hand dermatitis.

Hand dermatitis is a multifactorial skin disorder in which skin barrier impairment is involved in the pathogenesis. The development of topical agents that improve skin barrier function is therefore a promising approach for the management of hand dermatitis. Topically applied lipids may interfere with skin barrier function, and emollients containing skin-related lipids have been suggested to facilitate repair of the skin barrier. However, evidence for the superiority of emollients containing skin-related lipids over the more traditional emollients is still lacking. The aim of this study was to compare an emollient containing skin-related lipids (Locobase Repair) with a traditional petrolatum-based emollient for the management of hand dermatitis. Adult males and females (n = 30) with mild to moderate chronic hand dermatitis were treated twice daily for 2 months either with an emollient containing skin-related lipids or with a pet.-based emollient. In the case of exacerbation, the patients of both treatment groups were allowed to use a mild corticosteroid according to instructions. Both treatment regimes significantly improved clinical signs of hand dermatitis as assessed by the investigator global assessment, hand eczema area and severity score. We did not observe significant differences in the improvement of clinical signs, itching, patients' assessment of efficacy, cosmetic acceptability or usage of topical corticosteroids between both treatment groups. In conclusion, this study confirms that the frequent use of emollients may be useful in the therapy of hand dermatitis. However, we could not demonstrate the superiority of this particular emollient containing skin-related lipids in patients with chronic hand dermatitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Poor correlation between stated and found concentrations of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI) in petrolatum patch-test preparations.

Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) is widely used in its polymeric form in the manufacturing of polyurethane products. Previous reports on MDI-related contact allergy have shown a pattern, where patients seem to react to their own MDI-based work material but not to commercial patch-test preparations, which contain 4,4'-MDI. Therefore, we performed chemical analyses of 14 commercial test preparations of 4,4'-MDI obtained from 8 European and 4 American dermatology departments as well as 2 preparations from 2 major European suppliers of patch-test allergens. A new method for monitoring 4,4'-MDI in petrolatum preparations was developed and the determination of 4,4'-MDI as the MDI-dibutylamine derivative using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed. None of the preparations obtained from the dermatology departments contained more than 12% of the concentration stated on the label. In most cases, 4,4'-MDI content was only a few percentages or less of the concentration stated. 7 of the 14 preparations were analysed before the expiry date. Yet, only 1 of them, a preparation directly obtained from the supplier, came close to the concentration stated on the label. Thus, using these preparations, patients will be tested with a lower concentration than intended, leading to possible false-negative reactions.

Allergens↗
PubMed2006

High-fat petrolatum-based moisturizers and prevention of work-related skin problems in wet-work occupations.

The study presented is a randomized, controlled intervention study with the purpose of implementing an evidence-based skin disease prevention programme. The hypothesis explored in this article is whether a high-fat petrolatum-based moisturizer can be an alternative to protective gloves in wet-work occupations. The study population was all gut cleaners in Danish swine slaughterhouses, and data were collected by telephone interviews using a standardized questionnaire - The Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2002). At baseline, 644 (88%) gut cleaners responded and at 1-year follow-up 622 (72%). 135 gut cleaners in the intervention and 277 in the comparison group responded at both telephone interviews. In the intervention group, the eczema frequency was reduced significantly. Detailed analyses revealed that protective gloves are the overall most effective protective means and did not indicate that a high-fat moisturizer could be an alternative. Furthermore, the most extensive improvements could not be explained by combinations of protective behaviour but was found among those who had received information on, and was having discussions on prevention of skin problems. This only applied to the intervention group. A continuous focus on prevention of skin problems with information and discussions on the shop floor therefore seemed to be most important for reducing skin problems.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1990

Intracrevicular application of tetracycline in white petrolatum for the treatment of periodontal disease.

In vitro tests in our laboratory have shown that 40% tetracycline HCl in a white petrolatum carrier (TTC-WP) has potential as a sustained release, autodissipating system. The present study tested subgingival placement of TTC-WP via syringe in vivo. Quadrants (2 diseased sites in each) in 9 patients with moderate/severe periodontitis were randomly assigned to receive the following treatments: (1) TTC-WP; (2) WP only; (3) scaling and root planing; (4) untreated control. TTC release into gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) over time (baseline, 1, 8, 24, 72 and 168 h) was measured using an agar diffusion bioassay. Clinical parameters and subgingival bacterial morphotypes (darkfield analysis) were also evaluated over time (baseline, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks). Results indicated that TTC-WP was easily placed into periodontal pockets and biologically effective TTC was released into GCF for at least 3 days (mean concentration = 115.8 +/- 43.1 micrograms/ml at 3 days). TTC-WP reduced probing pocket depths and bleeding on probing relative to baseline measurements for 8-12 weeks post-treatment, and reduced %s of motile rods and spirochetes, with an accompanying increase in cocci, for 2-8 weeks. Similar effects were noted in the scaled and root-planed sites, but for a longer duration. TTC-WP and WP were clinically dissipated after 2 weeks and no adverse tissue reactions were observed. From these findings, subgingival TTC-WP cannot replace scaling and root planing therapy, but has characteristics useful in subgingival plaque control.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1984

Patch test allergens in petrolatum: a reappraisal.

Patch test materials in petrolatum, from 3 different manufacturers and 14 different types were evaluated by gross and microscopic examination. The allergens were noted to be suspended as particles or droplets in the vehicle. Obvious variations in both size and structure of the included allergen were found with the same chemicals but of different manufacture. Several materials do not meet the pharmaceutical standards which should be requested regarding stability, particle size and packing. A more detailed declaration is proposed.

Allergens↗
PubMed2007

Variation in the amount of petrolatum preparation applied at patch testing.

The elicitation of a positive patch test reaction in a given individual depends upon the dose of the sensitizer applied, the patch test technique and the occlusion time. The dose is determined by the concentration and volume/amount of test preparation applied. If the same amount/volume of a test preparation is applied all the time with the same test technique (same area of skin) and occlusion time, it is appropriate to use concentration as a dose parameter. Most contact sensitizers are incorporated in petrolatum (pet.). With pet. as vehicle, it is impossible to repeatedly apply an exact volume/amount. This study was performed to investigate the inter- and intra-individual variation of pet. preparation applied at patch testing by 3 technicians. Weighing demonstrated that the 3 technicians had about the same precision in their pet. application. The investigation demonstrates that there is both an inter-individual (statistically significant) and intra-individual variation in the amounts of pet. applied at patch testing for the 3 technicians. Presently, there is no recommendation on what amount of pet. preparation to apply, which merits a decision to be taken based on thorough investigations on the appropriate volumes of pet. preparation to be applied in various patch test systems.

Dermatitis, Contact↗