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PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological study of pediculosis capitis and scabies in schoolchildren from Antofagasta, Chile, 1995].

In order to contribute to a better knowledge of the pediculosis capitis and scabies during March-December 1995, 1122 primary schoolchildren under 14 years of age in the city-port of Antofagasta in northern Chile (20 degrees South lat.), were examined. A total of 285 (25.4%) were found to be infested with Pediculus humanus capitis and only 20 (1.8%) with Sarcoptes scabiei. In general the rates of infestation to both ectoparasitic diseases were higher in groups of younger schoolchildren, also higher in women than in men and in those groups with high indexes of crowding and ignorance of the transmission mechanism of pediculosis capitis and scabies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of pediculosis pubis. Clinical comparison of efficacy and tolerance of 1% lindane shampoo vs 1% permethrin creme rinse.

Pediculosis pubis (PP) is a common sexually transmitted disease. Current therapy with 1% lindane or various synergized pyrethrins as a single dose has been accepted as adequate by the medical community. We treated 53 men with the diagnosis of PP with either 1% lindane (Kwell) shampoo for four minutes or 1% permethrin (Nix) creme rinse for ten minutes, according to random assignment. All patients combed with fine-toothed combs immediately after therapy. They were examined for tolerance and efficacy at 24 to 48 hours and again at ten days (eight- to 12-day range). In the lindane group, ten (40%) of 25 subjects were infested at the final assessment. In the permethrin group, 12 (43%) of 28 subjects were infested at the final assessment. The difference was not statistically significant. Both treatments were well tolerated, with one mild adverse reaction in each group. We concluded that both agents were equivalent in the treatment of PP. On the basis of the high failure rate, we propose that the therapy of PP with any agent should include a second treatment at ten days.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pediculosis capitis among rural and urban schoolchildren in Nigeria.

The prevalence of head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) was investigated among urban and rural schoolchildren in Ibadan City and three surrounding villages all in Southern Nigeria. 106 (5.7%) of 1860 urban schoolchildren examined were infested compared with only seven (1.5%) of 473 children from rural schools (P less than 0.05). Pediculosis appears to be an urban problem which may be associated with overcrowding. However, the intensity of head louse infestation was low among the urban schoolchildren with 74.6% of all lousy children harbouring one to five lice per head and only 6.0% with more than 30 lice per head.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ectoparasitic sexually transmitted diseases: scabies and pediculosis.

Scabies and pediculosis are diagnosed on an almost daily basis in many dermatology offices. Whether the patient seeks medical attention because of the often unbearable itch of scabies or because of the fear of lice infestations, the physician should be on the lookout for these ectoparasitic infestations. Secondary bacterial infection, resistance to medication, and the risk of spread of the infestations to family members and other close contacts may complicate the problem. Patients frequently have to battle the myths, prejudices, and even shame that are associated with such infestations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scabies, pediculosis, bedbugs, and stinkbugs: uncommon presentations.

Parasitic agents determine some of the most common skin disorders. Although well known, they could present different manifestations or be modified by individual or external factors that make their diagnosis or treatment difficult. This review will discuss some of the most prevalent parasitic infections, scabies, and pediculosis and also mention reactions determined by contact with certain insects that, although rarely found, could induce important skin reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Scabies and pediculosis.

Although scabies and pediculosis are difficult and widespread problems, there are many effective treatments available. Dermatologists play a major role in educating the public in prevention and diagnosis. Although patients are more aware and well informed of the infections because of the Internet and other sources, practitioners are often the most important source of information and treatment in helping to eradicate this worldwide problem.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of malaria, toxoplasmosis, and pediculosis.

The status of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) as a chemotherapeutic agent for malaria, toxoplasmosis, and pediculosis is reviewed. The use of TMP-SMZ may be advocated for the treatment of malaria when concurrent bacterial infections are present or when conventional antimalarial agents are not available. Present evidence suggests that TMP-SMZ is effective in the treatment of toxoplasmosis; however, its role in treatment of this disease requires study. Although TMP-SMZ can eliminate head louse infections, topical insecticidal preparations are the preferred treatment.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1994

Identification and management of pediculosis.

Currently, pediculosis affects 6-12 million persons in the United States each year, and this number continues to rise. Social stigma and persistent misconceptions complicate the implementation of appropriate management strategies. Diagnosis is made on the basis of finding nits (i.e., silvery-white eggs firmly attached to the hair shaft), concentrated on the crown, behind the ears, and at the nape of the neck. Transmission occurs by direct contact with an infested person or indirectly by contact with clothing, personal grooming articles, bedding, or upholstered furniture containing viable nits or lice. Although three chemical agents are currently available, permethrin 1.0% (Nix Creme Rinse) is the treatment of choice. Environmental treatment is also necessary for the eradication of the infestation. Health care personnel who come into contact with this population need to be well informed of the facts in order to disseminate accurate information for diagnosis and management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Pediculosis masquerades as child abuse.

Pediculosis has many cutaneous manifestations. A previously unreported presentation is documented in this narrative. Maculae ceruleae associated with the head louse was initially confused with traumatic bruising and child abuse.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pediculosis pubis in a clinic for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.

The symptoms, clinical findings, epidemiology, and associated sexually transmitted diseases are described for 121 patients with pediculosis pubis who were seen in a clinic. Phthirus pubis was observed in the pubic hair of 118 patients, and in 38 men (37.3%) and 18 women (94.7%) the pubic region was the sole area of involvement. Pruritus was reported by 104 patients (85.9%), while excoriations were observed in 30 (24.8%) and maculae ceruleae in one. The median waits from detection of organisms to presentation at the clinic were two days for men and one day for women. This motivation for medical care was fortuitous, because 31.4% of the patients infested with P. pubis had other sexually transmitted diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A single application of crotamiton lotion in the treatment of patients with pediculosis capitis.

A single application of 10% crotamiton lotion cured 96% of the 49 patients treated for pediculosis capitis. Only two (4%) patients needed a second application. Following crotamiton application, pruritus regressed completely in 98% of the patients. An adverse effect, namely localized skin irritation leading to interruption of the trial treatment, was reported in one patient.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Pediculosis capitis in Benghazi, Libya. A school survey.

A school survey of pediculosis capitis in Benghazi, Libya, revealed an alarmingly high prevalence of 78.6%. The percentage of infestation was 67.2% for boys and 88.1% for girls. It was more frequent in schools located in rural areas (85.55%) as compared with those in urban areas (44.28%). There was no significant difference in infestation in younger and older children of either sex. Besides other factors for such a high prevalence, the lack of health education of family members may play a crucial role in transference and louse infestation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Pediculosis capitis: why prefer a solution to shampoo or spray?

Two hundred and sixty-eight children with pediculosis capitis took part in a comparative study to test the efficacy of five different pediculocides commonly used in Israel. The preparations used were pyrethrin shampoo, pyrethroid spray, malathion solution, carbaryl shampoo and carbaryl lotion. Carbaryl lotion and malathion solution were much more efficient when compared to the shampoo and spray preparations.

Carbaryl↗
PubMed1981

Generalized pediculosis corporis. Microscopic study of hairs.

A case generalized pediculosis corporis is presented. Microscopic study of sectioned hairs stained with hematoxylin and eosin and of hairs under polarized light allowed identification of larval content and eggs. The value of microscopic examination of hairs is shown.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1993

Pediculosis pubis: a surrogate marker for sexually transmitted diseases.

A review of all the patients diagnosed to have Pediculosis pubis (P pubis) during a 2 year period 1989-1991 was carried out. They constituted the index group and were compared with 140 consecutive patients seen during the month of June 1990, who served as controls. Both groups were comparable with respect to age and use of modern contraception. Coexisting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were found in 37% of the index group. Incidence of STDs was 51% among the controls. In the preceding 3 months, patients in the index group had significantly more sexual partners p < 0.005. These findings emphasize the need to offer full STD screening and health education to sexually active people who present with P pubis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Efficacy of fipronil in the treatment of pediculosis in laboratory rats.

As parasitized rodents are not desirable experimental objects, it is important to maintain parasite-free laboratory rodent colonies. Faced with the task of eliminating pediculosis from a conventional laboratory rat colony whose individuals were intended to be used in scientific research, a drug treatment was needed which did not, or minimally, interfere with experimental results. Fipronil, a GABA(A) antagonist, is an effective drug against lice, fleas and mites currently used in domestic species. Fipronil is not absorbed, has a wide safety margin and is topically applied. The aim of this study was to treat an infected colony with Frontline Spray (0.25%-w/v-fipronil) in order to evaluate its efficacy against lice. Rats were sprayed with Frontline only once. Special procedures to prevent cross-contamination between cages were not used. Neither lice nor nits were found during any post-treatment examination. In addition, no complications were reported by any researcher after using the treated rats in their experiments. The results of this study demonstrate that fipronil in topical formulations is effective for treatment and control of sucking and biting lice infestations on laboratory rats.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Pediculosis pubis: presentation to ophthalmologist as pthriasis palpebrarum associated with corneal epithelial keratitis.

Pthiriasis palpebrarum caused by infestation with Pthirus pubis (crab louse) draws attention to pediculosis in the pubic and inguinal region. As pthiriasis is usually transmitted by sexual contact, many cases are likely to have other sexually transmitted diseases. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the management of these cases. In this case report, we highlight the above and report for the first time associated keratitis.

Adult↗