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PubMed1993

[The Ottoman pamphlet on rosmary "risale-i büberiye"].

Risale-i büberiye, a medical manuscript on rosmary, was written in 1695 as a small medical pamphlet. In this pamphlet, the rosmary plant's structure, its special medical merits, various drugs prepared from this plant and the kind of diseases for which it is used, is studied. Rosmary has been known since ancient times and had been u sed for curing several diseases such as headache, cold, flu, ear-nose-throat diseases, chest diseases (asthma, coughing, tuberculosis), gynecological, heart, liver, stomach and urinary bladder troubles. In addition it was also used as hair shampoo against lice. In the Turkish Pharmaceutical Code, leaves of rosmary and its etheric oil are used as medicine. Nowadays etheric oil products of rosmary are used in perfume production.

History, 16th Century↗
PubMed1999

MIRD pamphlet No. 17: the dosimetry of nonuniform activity distributions--radionuclide S values at the voxel level. Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee.

The availability of quantitative three-dimensional in vivo data on radionuclide distributions within the body makes it possible to calculate the corresponding nonuniform distribution of radiation absorbed dose in body organs and tissues. This pamphlet emphasizes the utility of the MIRD schema for such calculations through the use of radionuclide S values defined at the voxel level. The use of both dose point-kernels and Monte Carlo simulation methods is also discussed. PET and SPECT imaging can provide quantitative activity data in voxels of several millimeters on edge. For smaller voxel sizes, accurate data cannot be obtained using present imaging technology. For submillimeter dimensions, autoradiographic methods may be used when tissues are obtained through biopsy or autopsy. Sample S value tabulations for five radionuclides within cubical voxels of 3 mm and 6 mm on edge are given in the appendices to this pamphlet. These S values may be used to construct three-dimensional dose profiles for nonuniform distributions of radioactivity encountered in therapeutic and diagnostic nuclear medicine. Data are also tabulated for 131I in 0.1-mm voxels for use in autoradiography. Two examples illustrating the use of voxel S values are given, followed by a discussion of the use of three-dimensional dose distributions in understanding and predicting biologic response.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Patient education pamphlets about prevention, detection, and treatment of breast cancer for low literacy women.

The objective of this project was to identify and assess readily available patient education literature about prevention, detection and treatment of breast cancer for the patient with low literacy skills. The target population had a reading comprehension level of sixth grade or lower. Nineteen pamphlets were analyzed using RightWriter and were found to have an average readability index of 9.15, therefore requiring at least a ninth grade level of reading comprehension. As a consequence, many pieces of the available literature were inappropriate for the target population. There are implications as a broader group of health care providers becomes more involved in the treatment of low literacy patients. In providing patient education literature to poorly educated patients, special emphasis should be given to determining readability. Both currently available and newly created literature should be analyzed for readability before assuming it is an aid to patient education.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

The relative efficacy of pamphlets, CD-ROM, and the Internet for disseminating adolescent drug abuse prevention programs: an exploratory study.

BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of an increasing array of empirically validated adolescent drug abuse prevention programs, program materials and evaluation findings are poorly disseminated. CD-ROM and the Internet hold promise for disseminating this information to schools and agencies that directly serve youth, and to policy-making bodies that exercise control over funds to support adolescent drug abuse prevention programming. However, data on the relative efficacy of these newer technologies over conventional print means of dissemination are lacking. METHODS: Recruited through schools, community agencies, and policy-making bodies, 188 professionals were randomized to receive prevention program materials via pamphlets (55 participants), CD-ROM (64 participants), and the Internet (69 participants). Participants completed pretest, posttest, and 6-month follow-up measures that assessed their access to prevention program materials; self-efficacy for identifying, obtaining, and recommending these programs; and their likelihood of requesting, implementing, and recommending prevention programs to their constituents. RESULTS: Participants exposed to dissemination via CD-ROM and the Internet evidenced the greatest short- and long-term gains on accessibility, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention variables. CONCLUSIONS: CD-ROM and the Internet are viable means for disseminating adolescent drug abuse prevention programs to schools, community agencies, and policy-making bodies, and should be increasingly used for dissemination purposes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The impact of a self-help pamphlet on reducing risk drinking among 30- to 49-year-old men in Helsinki, Finland.

This study evaluates the impact of a self-help pamphlet designed to support self-control of drinking. It was conducted in Helsinki, Finland, in 2001 and 2002 and focused on men between 30 and 49 years of age. The respondents were randomly selected in an intervention and a control area and compared with each other before and after the intervention using independent samples (N = 4418) The results support previous findings showing that interventions like this serve as a supplement to other prevention and early treatment measures. Although the results were encouraging, there is a need for more in-depth studies in the field.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Cervical cancer educational pamphlets: Do they miss the mark for Mexican immigrant women's needs?

The rate of invasive cervical cancer in US Hispanic women is nearly doubled that of non-Hispanics. Using in-depth interviews and content/grade level analysis of educational materials, this study explores the relevance of cervical cancer education materials to the needs of Mexican immigrant women. It also addresses health literacy issues that create barriers to learning. Findings show aspects of language, content, reading level, structure, and visual images in 22 cervical cancer pamphlets from 11 health care sites in a Midwest city were not relevant to the learning needs or health literacy levels of local Mexican immigrant women. Further research is recommended to establish an evidence base regarding optimal presentation of key elements of the cervical cancer educational message for Mexican immigrant women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pamphlets involve staff in patient education.

Hospital staff involvement in a patient education program is critical to the program's success. Unfortunately, prepackaged programs, although attractive, ignore this important component. Pamphlet construction can be a convenient way to include various staff members in the development of a patient education program.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299↗
PubMed1986

Developing marketing pamphlets for diagnostic radiology services.

The marketing of professional services requires an approach that differs from that utilized in the conventional marketing of products and services. This article describes the considerations that were involved in the development and implementation of marketing pamphlets for diagnostic radiology services.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over↗
PubMed1999

MIRD Pamphlet No. 14 revised: A dynamic urinary bladder model for radiation dose calculations. Task Group of the MIRD Committee, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

UNLABELLED: The constant-volume urinary bladder model in the standard MIRD Pamphlet No. 5 (Revised) phantom has recognized limitations. Various investigators have developed detailed models incorporating more physiologically realistic features, such as expanding bladder contents and residual volume, and variable urinary input rate, initial volume and first void time. We have reviewed these published models and have developed a new model for calculation of radiation absorbed dose to the urinary bladder wall incorporating these aspects. METHODS: The model consists of a spherical source with variable volume to simulate the bladder contents and a wall represented by a spherical shell of constant volume. The wall thickness varies as the source expands or contracts. The model provides for variable urine entry rate (three different hydration states), initial bladder contents volume, residual volume and first void time. The voiding schedule includes an extended nighttime gap during which the urine entry rate is reduced to one-half the daytime rate. RESULTS: Radiation-absorbed dose estimates have been calculated for the bladder wall surface (including photon and electron components) and at several depths in the wall (electron component) for 2-18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 99mTc-HEDP, 99mTc-pertechnetate, 99mTc-red blood cells (RBCs), 99mTc-glucoheptonate, 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglicine chelator (MAG3), 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP), 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO), 99mTc-human serum albumin (HSA), 99mTc-MIBI (rest and stress), 123I-/124I-/131I-OIH, 123I/131I-NaI, 125I-iothalamate, 111In-DTPA and 89Sr-SrCl. CONCLUSION: The new model tends to give a higher radiation absorbed dose to the bladder wall surface than the previous models. Large initial bladder volumes and higher rates of urine flow into the bladder result in lower bladder wall dose. The optimal first voiding time is from 40 min to 3 hr postadministration, depending on radiopharmaceutical. The data as presented in tabular and graphic form for each compound provide guidance for establishing radiation absorbed dose reduction protocols.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

MIRD Pamphlet no. 18: Administered cumulated activity for ventilation studies.

UNLABELLED: There has been no consensus on a standard calculational approach regarding the concept of administered activity in ventilation studies involving inhaled radioisotope gas or radioaerosols. This is caused in part by a lack of knowledge regarding the actual activity that enters the lung space (as opposed to activity introduced into the delivery system) and to the extended administration times (t(a)) associated with delivery protocols. METHODS: This pamphlet reviewed the three primary ventilation procedures, including rebreathing-system protocols, continuous-flow generator output techniques, and radioaerosol delivery systems. RESULTS: For each technique, an analytic expression has been derived for a new parameter called lung administered cumulated activity, A(L)(0,t(a)), which is the cumulated activity in the lungs during the administration phase. In addition, another potentially useful parameter has been defined-the mean administered activity for ventilation procedures, which normalizes the administered cumulated activity in the lung over the administration period and may serve to standardize descriptions of protocols between patients and institutions. Examples are provided that illustrate these new concepts for typical ventilation protocol administration parameters. CONCLUSION: The models presented can be employed to evaluate lung administered cumulated activity for use in ventilation dose estimate reports as a function of explicit variables (e.g., spirometer volume, generator output rate, wash-in half-time, administration time). In practice, it is recommended that dose estimate reports be based on measurements of cumulated activity in the lung over the administration period and normalized to this administered cumulated activity.

Administration, Inhalation↗